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3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(NH\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.7","3.26",[237,245,246,247,254,260],{"id":238,"name":239,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":240,"mindat_formula":241,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":242,"dcalc":243,"primary_image_id":244},907,"Carnotite","K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","4.70","4.91",29381,{"id":131,"name":132,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":133,"mindat_formula":134,"hmin":47,"hmax":53,"dmeas":135,"dcalc":136,"primary_image_id":137},{"id":187,"name":188,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":189,"mindat_formula":190,"hmin":47,"hmax":53,"dmeas":191,"dcalc":192,"primary_image_id":11},{"id":248,"name":249,"entrytype":9,"csystem":250,"ima_formula":251,"mindat_formula":252,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":253},3182,"Phosphuranylite","Orthorhombic","KCa(H\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","KCa(H\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",19370,{"id":255,"name":256,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":257,"mindat_formula":258,"hmin":47,"hmax":53,"dmeas":227,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":259},3997,"Torbernite","Cu(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",24374,{"id":261,"name":262,"entrytype":9,"csystem":263,"ima_formula":264,"mindat_formula":264,"hmin":46,"hmax":265,"dmeas":266,"dcalc":267,"primary_image_id":268},4102,"Uraninite","Isometric","UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",6,"10.63","10.88",30895,[270],{"id":194,"name":195,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":196,"mindat_formula":197,"hmin":47,"hmax":94,"dmeas":191,"dcalc":192,"primary_image_id":11},[272,276],{"id":273,"txt":274,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":275},1848,"Schneeberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany","Germany",{"id":277,"txt":278,"latitude":279,"longitude":280,"country":281},7688,"Redruth, Cornwall, England, UK",50.233371,-5.2276106,"UK",447,[284,287,290,293,297,301,305,310,314,318,323,327,330,334,338,343,347,352,356,361,366,370,374,379,383,386],{"id":285,"year":11,"html":286,"doi":11},16117033,"Bollettino della Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli: 53: 99-104.",{"id":288,"year":11,"html":289,"doi":11},16117035,"Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 211: 701-702.",{"id":291,"year":11,"html":292,"doi":11},16117036,"Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano: 84: 134-138.",{"id":294,"year":295,"html":296,"doi":11},16117020,1861,"Pisani (1861) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 52: 817.",{"id":298,"year":299,"html":300,"doi":11},16117021,1901,"Rinne (1901) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 618 (as Metakupferuranit).",{"id":302,"year":303,"html":304,"doi":11},16117022,1903,"Buchholz (1903) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 362.",{"id":306,"year":307,"html":308,"doi":309},4945,1916,"Hallimond, Arthur Francis (1916) The crystallography and dehydration of Torbernite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  17 (82). 326-339 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1916.017.82.08'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1916.017.82.08\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_17\u002F17-82-326.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1916.017.82.08",{"id":311,"year":312,"html":313,"doi":11},16117024,1918,"Stočes (1918) Rozpr. České Ak.: 27:, no. 27.",{"id":315,"year":316,"html":317,"doi":11},16117025,1919,"Bowen (1919) American Journal of Science: 48: 195.",{"id":319,"year":320,"html":321,"doi":322},5006,1920,"Hallimond, A. F. (1920) Meta-torbernite I, its physical properties and relation to Torbernite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  19 (89) 43-47 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1920.019.89.04'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1920.019.89.04\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_19\u002F19-89-43.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1920.019.89.04",{"id":324,"year":325,"html":326,"doi":11},16117027,1924,"Buttgenbach (1924) Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Bulletin, Annales: 47 (annex): 31C.",{"id":328,"year":325,"html":329,"doi":11},16117028,"Hess (1924) US Geological Survey Bulletin 750D: 70.",{"id":331,"year":332,"html":333,"doi":11},16117029,1934,"Pelloux (1934) Atti Soc. Ligustica Sc. Lett. Genova: 13: 137.",{"id":335,"year":336,"html":337,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":339,"year":340,"html":341,"doi":342},595495,1958,"Frondel, Clifford (1958) Systematic mineralogy of uranium and thorium. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 1064. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb1064'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb1064\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F1064\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb1064",{"id":344,"year":345,"html":346,"doi":11},524163,1964,"Ross, Malcolm, Evans, H. T., Appleman, D. E. (1964) Studies of the torbernite minerals (II): The crystal structure of meta- torbernite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (11-12) 1603-1621 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM49\u002FAM49_1603.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":348,"year":349,"html":350,"doi":351},113584,1993,"Stergiou, A. C., Rentzeperis, P. J., Sklavounos, S. (1993) Refinement of the crystal structure of metatorbernite. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  205 (1) 1-7 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1993.205.part-1.1'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1993.205.part-1.1\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol205\u002FZK205_1.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1993.205.part-1.1",{"id":353,"year":354,"html":355,"doi":11},16771790,2000,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2000) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4 - Arsenates, phosphates, vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":357,"year":358,"html":359,"doi":360},63795,2003,"Locock, A. J., Burns, P. C. (2003) Crystal Structures and Synthesis of the Copper-Dominant Members of the Autunite and Meta-Autunite Groups: Torbernite, Zeunerite, Metatorbernite and Metazeunerite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (2) 489-502 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.2.489'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.2.489\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol41\u002FCM41_489.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.2.489",{"id":362,"year":363,"html":364,"doi":365},16387836,2005,"Frost, Ray L., Erickson, Kristy L., Carmody, Onuma, Weier, Matt L. (2005) Near-infrared spectroscopy of torbernites and metatorbernites. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 61 (4) 749-754 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2004.05.027'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2004.05.027\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2004.05.027",{"id":367,"year":363,"html":368,"doi":369},395340,"Suzuki, Y., Sato, T., Isobe, H., Kogure, T., Murakami, T. (2005) Dehydration processes in the meta-autunite group minerals meta-autunite, metasaléeite, and metatorbernite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  90 (8) 1308-1314 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1568'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1568\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol90\u002FAM90_1308.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1568",{"id":371,"year":363,"html":372,"doi":373},64215,"Burns, Peter C. (2005) U\u003Csup>6+\u003C\u002Fsup> minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (6) 1839-1894 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.6.1839'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.6.1839\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol43\u002FCM43_1839.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.6.1839",{"id":375,"year":376,"html":377,"doi":378},396569,2010,"Stubbs, J. E., Post, J. E., Elbert, D. C., Heaney, P. J., Veblen, D. R. (2010) Uranyl phosphate sheet reconstruction during dehydration of metatorbernite [Cu(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O]. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  95 (8) 1132-1140 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3439'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3439\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3439",{"id":380,"year":381,"html":382,"doi":11},16117041,2021,"MacIver-Jones, F.M., Sutcliffe, P., Graham, M.C., Morrison, C.A., Kirk, C.A. (2021): Locating hydrogen positions in the autunite mineral metatorbernite [Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O]: a combined approach using neutron powder diffraction and computational modelling. IUCrJ, 8, 963-972.",{"id":384,"year":381,"html":385,"doi":11},16965995,"(2021) Metatorbernite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002FMetatorbernite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":387,"year":388,"html":389,"doi":390},17009984,2023,"Nazarchuk, Evgeny V., Gurzhiy, Vladislav V., Tagirova, Yana G., Charkin, Dmitri O., Krzhizhanovskaya, Maria G., Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Eremin, Oleg V. (2023) High-Temperature Crystal Chemistry of Meta-Autunite Group Minerals: Metatorbernite, Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2(H2O)8 and Metazeunerite, Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2(H2O)8. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (12)  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst13121688'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst13121688\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst13121688",[392,402,412,420,427,434,443,449,456,462,471,477,485,493,501,511,519,527,533,539,545,552,559,565,571,577,582,588,593,600,606,613,620,626],{"id":393,"source_url":394,"license_code":395,"credit_html":396,"title":397,"description":398,"author":399,"original_width":400,"original_height":401},16066,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6768921","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6768921\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite sapin.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Margabal Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEntraygues-sur-Truy%C3%A8re\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Entraygues-sur-Truyère\">Entraygues-sur-Truyère\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAveyron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aveyron\">Aveyron\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMidi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Midi-Pyrénées\">Midi-Pyrénées\u003C\u002Fa>, France)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4 x 3x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",3642,4564,{"id":403,"source_url":404,"license_code":405,"credit_html":406,"title":407,"description":408,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":411},16067,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157049","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157049\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite-195696.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Margabal Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEntraygues-sur-Truy%C3%A8re\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Entraygues-sur-Truyère\">Entraygues-sur-Truyère\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAveyron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aveyron\">Aveyron\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMidi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Midi-Pyrénées\">Midi-Pyrénées\u003C\u002Fa>, France (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1679.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.7 x 4.4 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb, classic old specimen from famous finds here in the 1970s, with robust, fat crystals showing a waxy lustre and deep green color. This is a super example for the size range, because of the quality and color saturation. Ex. Dr. Ed David Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",800,755,{"id":413,"source_url":414,"license_code":405,"credit_html":415,"title":416,"description":417,"author":409,"original_width":418,"original_height":419},16068,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420266","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420266\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite-4jg26d.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.9 x 2.9 x 2.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The deep-green wulfenite-like form of these torbernites makes them one of the most eye-catching of minerals. This specimen has the classic deep green color, superb form, excellent clarity, and beautiful luster that represents the unchallenged FINEST OF SPECIES from a particular series of finds now some 20-25 years ago. The overall balance and aesthetics are terrific, making this a killer competition-level miniature by any standard. It is complete all around, too. OLD FIND - NOT FOUND IN THIS QUALITY SINCE! 2.9 x 2.9 x 2.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",391,370,{"id":421,"source_url":422,"license_code":405,"credit_html":423,"title":424,"description":417,"author":409,"original_width":425,"original_height":426},16069,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420268","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420268\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite-4jg26a.jpg",702,647,{"id":428,"source_url":429,"license_code":405,"credit_html":430,"title":431,"description":432,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":418},16070,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10448161","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10448161\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite-es100a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.1 x 4 x 1.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>These tabular, emerald green crystals are well crystallized and are from one of the world�s top crystal producing localities for uranium mineral specimens. For torbernite, they just don't get better than this \"green wulfenite\" aspect! These crystals display bright METALLIC, sparkling, luster and reach over 1 cm across. They are TOP QUALITY for the species and are BETTER IN PERSON\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,{"id":435,"source_url":436,"license_code":395,"credit_html":437,"title":438,"description":439,"author":440,"original_width":441,"original_height":442},16073,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=52871111","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=52871111\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite boxed.jpg","Metatorbernite, Margabal Mine, Entraygues-sur-Truyère, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France, size: 5.8 cm","Weirdmeister",5472,3648,{"id":444,"source_url":445,"license_code":405,"credit_html":446,"title":447,"description":417,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":448},67219,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420269","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420269\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite-4jg26b.jpg",298,{"id":450,"source_url":451,"license_code":405,"credit_html":452,"title":453,"description":454,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":455},67221,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450134","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450134\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite-jr-16c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.4 x 6.0 x 2.8 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sharp, textbook, \"green wulfenite\"-looking crystals of metatorbernite! Very rich specimen!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",300,{"id":457,"source_url":458,"license_code":405,"credit_html":459,"title":460,"description":454,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":461},67222,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450135","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450135\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite-jr-16a.jpg",320,{"id":463,"source_url":464,"license_code":405,"credit_html":465,"title":466,"description":467,"author":468,"original_width":469,"original_height":470},67223,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15530999","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15530999\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite under UVL 2.jpg","Metatorbernite under long waves UV illumination : Margabal Mine, Entraygues-sur-Truyère, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France","Géry PARENT",4288,2848,{"id":472,"source_url":473,"license_code":405,"credit_html":474,"title":475,"description":476,"author":468,"original_width":469,"original_height":470},67224,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20393648","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20393648\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite, quartz.jpg","metatorbernite, quartz var. smoky quartz : Margabal Mine, Entraygues-sur-Truyère, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France - crystals up to 15 mm",{"id":478,"source_url":479,"license_code":405,"credit_html":480,"title":481,"description":482,"author":483,"original_width":470,"original_height":484},67225,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22521109","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22521109\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Métatorbernite 3.jpg","crystals of metatorbernite : Margabal Mine, Entraygues-sur-Truyère, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France","Parent Géry",3518,{"id":486,"source_url":487,"license_code":405,"credit_html":488,"title":489,"description":490,"author":483,"original_width":491,"original_height":492},67226,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22521110","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22521110\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Métatorbernite sous UV.jpg","crystals of metatorbernite under UV Long waves : Margabal Mine, Entraygues-sur-Truyère, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France",2531,3501,{"id":494,"source_url":495,"license_code":405,"credit_html":496,"title":497,"description":498,"author":468,"original_width":499,"original_height":500},67228,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28398929","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28398929\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite, quartz 1.jpg","metatorbernite, quartz var. smoky quartz : Margabal Mine, Entraygues-sur-Truyère, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France",4092,2812,{"id":502,"source_url":503,"license_code":504,"credit_html":505,"title":506,"description":507,"author":508,"original_width":509,"original_height":510},67229,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=93640054","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=93640054\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Metatorbernite (Forte Velho Mine, Guarda District, Portugal) 1.jpg","Metatorbernite from Portugal. (Robert Lauf collection)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The phosphate minerals have one or more phosphate anions (PO4-3).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Torbernite and metatorbernite are scarce hydrous copper uranyl phosphate minerals.  They have a nonmetallic luster, deep green color, light green streak, are fairly soft (H=2.5), typically have tabular crystals forming closely-packed clusters, and are radioactive.  These minerals are principally valued as collector specimens and not as ore minerals of uranium.  Torbernite is Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·10H2O.  Metatorbernite is Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O - it forms by partial dehydration of torbernite.  Torbernite is a secondary uranium mineral that forms by alteration of uraninite (or other primary U minerals) in an oxidizing environment.  The original U+4 ions in uraninite get oxidized into U+6 and usually become incorporated into uranyl ions, (UO2)+2.  In the presence of water, copper, and phosphorus, torbernite can form.  In dry air, torbernite alters to metatorbernite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Forte Velho Mine, Guarda District, Portugal\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of torbernite:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=3997\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of metatorbernite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=2689","James St. John",2814,2139,{"id":512,"source_url":513,"license_code":405,"credit_html":514,"title":515,"description":516,"author":409,"original_width":517,"original_height":518},51436,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10120117","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10120117\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cuprosklodowskite-Metatorbernite-20880.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCuprosklodowskite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cuprosklodowskite\">Cuprosklodowskite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This gorgeous specimen features EXCEPTIONAL crystals of both species, but in particular the Cuprosklodowskite ! The Cuprosklodowskite crystals reach almost 1 inch in length and have an amazing metallic green brilliance to them, which contrasts with the darker transparent green of the torbernites (which are so sharp you can see why sometimes they turn up labeled as \"green wulfenite\"!). This is from old finds of this material, and dates to the 1970s I am told, in contrast to recent finds (admittedly, in quantity), much of which just didn't quite have the brilliant iridescence combined with length of the best of these older crystals. I also cannot recall seeing as fine an association of the two species in the recent finds of CS from this locality, come to think of it, clearly confirming this as an older specimen. 6.5 x 4.5 x 4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",732,546,{"id":520,"source_url":521,"license_code":405,"credit_html":522,"title":523,"description":524,"author":409,"original_width":525,"original_height":526},62239,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137222","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137222\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Metatorbernite-69259.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKasolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kasolite\">Kasolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A satisfactory representative specimen for both species, with eye-visible crystals of beautiful kasolite on matrix of torbernite 3.6 x 2.8 x 2.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",538,600,{"id":528,"source_url":529,"license_code":405,"credit_html":530,"title":531,"description":532,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":526},6716,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159027","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159027\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Torbernite-Metatorbernite-Curite-201043.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Torbernite\">Torbernite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCurite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Curite\">Curite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHeterogenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Heterogenite\">Heterogenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.5 x 6 x 4.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This Torbernite specimen is from the Shinkolobwe uranium mine and shows two generations. The dark green crystals of torbernite are growing on lighter metatorbernite crystals. The Torbernite are transparent dark green crystals because the water is still present in the crystal structure. The Metatorbernite appears as light green, opaque crystals because most of the water is gone. The top crystals are covered with a very thin layer of Heterogenite what gives them a black appearance, most unusual: What is noticeable here is that the Torbernite is coated with Heterogenite that prevented its dehydration. The Metatorbernite was a first generation and had all the time to dehydrate. Also present on this specimen is a cluster of Curite crystals also covered with the Heterogenite. Shinkolobwe is the type locality for Curite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":534,"source_url":535,"license_code":405,"credit_html":536,"title":537,"description":532,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":538},51471,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159028","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159028\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Torbernite-Metatorbernite-Curite-201046.jpg",671,{"id":540,"source_url":541,"license_code":405,"credit_html":542,"title":543,"description":532,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":544},51472,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159029","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159029\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Torbernite-Metatorbernite-Curite-201047.jpg",258,{"id":546,"source_url":547,"license_code":405,"credit_html":548,"title":549,"description":550,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":551},67220,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10444970","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10444970\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Malachite-Metatorbernite-bb5b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Malachite\">Malachite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.8 x 3.8 x 2.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Metatorbernite with Malachite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sharp , gemmy torbernite to 5 mm on carpet of malachite!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",352,{"id":553,"source_url":554,"license_code":405,"credit_html":555,"title":556,"description":557,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":558},62248,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450128","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450128\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Metatorbernite-jr-11c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKasolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kasolite\">Kasolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.4 x 4.8 x 4.7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Kasolite with Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, textbook-form crystals of kasolite, nicely isolated on contrasting matrix amidst CRYSTALLIZED transparent blades of Metatorbernite ! CLASSIC association (*see MR)!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",277,{"id":560,"source_url":561,"license_code":405,"credit_html":562,"title":563,"description":557,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":564},62249,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450130","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450130\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Metatorbernite-jr-11b.jpg",340,{"id":566,"source_url":567,"license_code":405,"credit_html":568,"title":569,"description":570,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":455},62250,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450136","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450136\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Malachite-Metatorbernite-jr-17c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKasolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kasolite\">Kasolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Malachite\">Malachite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.4 x 4.7 x 4.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Kasolite with Metatorbernite and Malachite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, textbook-form crystals of kasolite, nicely isolated on contrasting matrix amidst CRYSTALLIZED transparent blades of Metatorbernite ! CLASSIC association (*see MR)!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":572,"source_url":573,"license_code":405,"credit_html":574,"title":575,"description":576,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":455},51478,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457514","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457514\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Curite-Kasolite-Metatorbernite-radmun-12b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCurite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Curite\">Curite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKasolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kasolite\">Kasolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 11 x 6 x 4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Curite and Kasolite on Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Exceptional specimen of orange Curite and Kasolite with green Metatorbernite. The curite forms needles who are filling the spaces between and sits on the huge Metatorbernite crystals. It is associated with Kasolite in blocky crystals, unusually good also for this species. The matrix consists of massive Metatorbernite. This is an extraordinary fine piece of this not-often seen mineral. Truly unique for the size and beauty, I think. Shinkolobwe is the type locality for Curite and Kasolite both, making this a more significant specimen in science as well as just for the beauty. We have not seen a richer specimen of crysatllized examples like this.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":578,"source_url":579,"license_code":405,"credit_html":580,"title":581,"description":532,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":455},51473,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159030","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159030\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Torbernite-Metatorbernite-Curite-201048.jpg",{"id":583,"source_url":584,"license_code":405,"credit_html":585,"title":586,"description":587,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":526},51474,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159046","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159046\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Curite-Kasolite-Metatorbernite-201063.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCurite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Curite\">Curite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKasolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kasolite\">Kasolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11 x 6 x 4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An exceptional specimen of orange Curite and Kasolite with green Metatorbernite. The curite forms needles which are filling the spaces between and sits on the huge Metatorbernite crystals. It is associated with Kasolite in blocky crystals. The matrix consists of massive Metatorbernite. Shinkolobwe is the type locality for Curite and Kasolite both.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":589,"source_url":590,"license_code":405,"credit_html":591,"title":592,"description":587,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":526},51475,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159047","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159047\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Curite-Kasolite-Metatorbernite-201066.jpg",{"id":594,"source_url":595,"license_code":405,"credit_html":596,"title":597,"description":598,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":599},62245,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159079","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159079\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Metatorbernite-201147.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKasolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kasolite\">Kasolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.2 x 3.7 x 3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Many well formed and terminated orange crystals to over 1 mm (big for species), lining cavities in Metatorbernite. There is periphery damage on this specimen but the crystals inside the vugs are pristine. These specimens where recovered during the removal of the uranium dump in the early 1990s.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",615,{"id":601,"source_url":602,"license_code":405,"credit_html":603,"title":604,"description":598,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":605},62246,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159080","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159080\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Metatorbernite-201149.jpg",667,{"id":607,"source_url":608,"license_code":405,"credit_html":609,"title":610,"description":611,"author":409,"original_width":612,"original_height":433},62251,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450139","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450139\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Metatorbernite-jr-18a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKasolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kasolite\">Kasolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.6 x 5.2 x 3.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Metatorbernite with Kasolite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, textbook-form crystals of kasolite, nicely isolated on contrasting matrix amidst CRYSTALLIZED transparent blades of Metatorbernite ! CLASSIC association (*see MR)!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",296,{"id":614,"source_url":615,"license_code":405,"credit_html":616,"title":617,"description":618,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":619},66496,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450131","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450131\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Masuyite-Metatorbernite-jr-12a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKasolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kasolite\">Kasolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMasuyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Masuyite\">Masuyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMetatorbernite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Metatorbernite\">Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.6 x 3.7 x 2.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Kasolite and possible Masuyite (?) with Metatorbernite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A different form of kasolite in the habit of radiating crystal aggregates; also in the presence of another, more orange-red mineral (masuyite is a likely guess although it could simply be an oddly colored second deposition of kasolite - pending analysis). Either way, a gorgeous specimen!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",518,{"id":621,"source_url":622,"license_code":405,"credit_html":623,"title":624,"description":618,"author":409,"original_width":410,"original_height":625},66497,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450132","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450132\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Masuyite-Metatorbernite-jr-12b.jpg",523,{"id":627,"source_url":628,"license_code":405,"credit_html":629,"title":630,"description":618,"author":409,"original_width":433,"original_height":455},66498,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450133","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450133\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kasolite-Masuyite-Metatorbernite-jr-12c.jpg",[632,638,643,649,654],{"id":633,"url":634,"label":635,"formula":636,"spacegroup":637,"year":376},8723,"\u002Fcif\u002F8723.cif","Stubbs 2010 · Cu U2 P2 O20 H16","Cu U2 P2 O20 H16","P 4\u002Fn",{"id":639,"url":640,"label":641,"formula":642,"spacegroup":637,"year":376},8724,"\u002Fcif\u002F8724.cif","Stubbs 2010 · Cu.881 U2 P2 O18.124 H12.248","Cu.881 U2 P2 O18.124 H12.248",{"id":644,"url":645,"label":646,"formula":647,"spacegroup":648,"year":376},8725,"\u002Fcif\u002F8725.cif","Stubbs 2010 · Cu.93 U2 P2 O15 H6","Cu.93 U2 P2 O15 H6","P 1 21 1",{"id":650,"url":651,"label":652,"formula":653,"spacegroup":637,"year":358},8726,"\u002Fcif\u002F8726.cif","Locock 2003","U2 Cu.883 P2 O20 H16",{"id":655,"url":656,"label":657,"formula":658,"spacegroup":659,"year":660},8727,"\u002Fcif\u002F8727.cif","Calos 1996","Cu.5 U P O10 H8","P 4\u002Fn m m",1996,[662,663,664],"Meta-chalcolite","Meta-torbernite I","Metakupferuranit",[666,670,674,678,681,685,689,692,695,699,703],{"lang":667,"names":668},"ca",[669],"metatorbernita",{"lang":671,"names":672},"de",[673],"Metatorbernit",{"lang":675,"names":676},"es",[677],"Metatorbernita",{"lang":679,"names":680},"eu",[677],{"lang":682,"names":683},"fa",[684],"متا توربرنیت",{"lang":686,"names":687},"fr",[688],"metatorbernite",{"lang":690,"names":691},"hu",[673],{"lang":693,"names":694},"it",[7],{"lang":696,"names":697},"mk",[698],"Метаторбернит",{"lang":700,"names":701},"nl",[702],"metatorberniet",{"lang":704,"names":705},"uk",[706],"Метаторберніт","Q946311",{"history":709,"applications":713},{"markdown":710,"model_version":711,"prompt_version":712,"reviewed_at":11},"Metatorbernite owes its name to a mineral it is born from, and to a man who never saw it. The \"meta\" simply marks it as the drier sibling of torbernite — the same green crystal after it has lost some of its water[1].\n\nThat parent mineral came first. A green, mica-like crystal was noted in 1772 by Ignaz von Born, who called it *mica viridis crystallina* — green crystalline mica[2]. The first specimens came from the Georg Wagsfort Mine near Johanngeorgenstadt, in the Ore Mountains of Saxony[2]. In 1780 the German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner gave it a proper name, torbernite, in honour of the Swedish chemist Torbern Olof Bergman (1735–1784)[3].\n\nThe drier form had to wait more than a century for its own name. In 1916 the British mineralogist Arthur Francis Hallimond described it and called it metatorbernite[4]. He kept Bergman's name and added the prefix *meta* to mark its lower water content and its kinship to torbernite.\n\nThe naming reflects a real change the crystals undergo. Torbernite holds twelve water molecules; as it dries out it sheds four, becoming metatorbernite with eight[5]. This happens as torbernite slowly withers in air, and can be forced by warming it above 75 °C[5]. Much metatorbernite in collections began life as torbernite and lost its water along the way[6].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":714,"model_version":711,"prompt_version":712,"reviewed_at":11},"Metatorbernite is not what feeds a uranium mine. It is a secondary mineral, formed when primary uranium ores — chiefly uraninite and pitchblende — break down and re-form near the surface[1]. The primary ores carry far more uranium and are the real targets of extraction. Metatorbernite, at best, is a minor contributor where it happens to occur.\n\nIts more useful job is as a signpost. A bright green crust of it in the field tells a geologist that uranium has been on the move here. Its presence serves as an indicator of past or present uranium mineralization in a rock formation, guiding exploration toward richer ground[2].\n\nBeyond the field, its main demand is from collectors. The mineral is valued for its striking green colour, its distinctive crystal habit, and its association with uranium deposits[3].\n\nOwning a piece comes with a warning. Metatorbernite is radioactive because of its uranium, emitting alpha and beta particles together with gamma radiation[4]. Specimens should be kept in secure, sealed containers — air-tight glass jars are the usual choice — both to limit exposure and to prevent contamination[4]. Anyone handling it should avoid prolonged exposure, wear gloves and a dust mask, and never let the dust be inhaled or ingested[4]."]