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Cell data given for the \u003Cf>-2M^1\u003C\u002Ff> polytype (space group C2\u002Fc).","Mica law twins common [310] forming six pointed stars, less common with the composition plane perpendicular to {001} (hkl refer to \u003Cf>-2M^1\u003C\u002Ff> polytype).","On {110} and {010}.","Crystals uncommon, tabular {001} with rhombic to hexagonal outlines, often bound by {221}, \u003Cmi>{_111}\u003C\u002Fmi> and {010} (hkl refer to \u003Cf>-2M^1\u003C\u002Ff> polytype). Less common as prismatic, parallel to [001], with a crude hexagonal cross section.  Most typically found as \"books\" and as flaky grains in various rocks.  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It is clear with a pearly luster on cleavage faces, often having...","The earliest names attributable to muscovite include Muscovy Glass, Cat Silver, and Lapis Specularis (stone mirror); these names appearing in texts in the seventeenth century and before. The stand-alone name 'Muscovite' was used as early as 1794 by Johann Gottfried Schmeisser in his System of Mineralogy and is derived from the term \"Muscovy glass,\" which was in common use by that time. Muscovy Province in Russia yielded sheet mica for a variety of uses. Muscovite and sometimes similar species were earlier called mica (Phillips and Kersey, 1706), glimmer (Phillips and Kersey, 1706), and isinglass (1747 according to OED) but all of these terms are still in use to some degree. It should be noted that mica, glimmer, and isinglass were also used for a variety of materials before these given dates and in those earlier times did not always indicate what would be a mineral, much less muscovite proper. Isinglass, for example, was originally used for a gelatinous bladder found in sturgeon.","2026-04-10 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H. (1900) Ueber die Krystallformen des Muscovit. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  32 (1-6). 164-176 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1900.32.1.164'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1900.32.1.164\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1900.32.1.164",{"id":451,"year":452,"html":453,"doi":454},103312,1913,"Baumhauer, H. (1913) Über den Krystallbau der Lithionglimmer und die Verwachsung von Lepidolith und Muscovit. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Krystallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  51 (1-6). 344-357 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1913.51.1.344'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1913.51.1.344\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1913.51.1.344",{"id":456,"year":457,"html":458,"doi":11},520872,1939,"Volk, Garth W. (1939) Optical and chemical studies of muscovite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  24 (4) 255-266 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM24\u002FAM24_255.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":460,"year":457,"html":461,"doi":11},520939,"Gruner, John W. (1939) Formation and stability of muscovite in acid solutions at elevated temperatures. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  24 (10) 624-628 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM24\u002FAM24_624.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":463,"year":464,"html":465,"doi":11},16117986,1951,"Woodard, H.H. (1951) The Geology and Paragenesis of the Lord Hill pegmatite, Stoneham, Maine. American Mineralogist: 36: 869-883.",{"id":467,"year":468,"html":469,"doi":11},522315,1953,"Heinrich, E. Wm., Levinson, Alfred A. (1953) Studies in the mica group: Mineralogy of the rose muscovites. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (1-2) 25-49 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM38\u002FAM38_25.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":471,"year":472,"html":473,"doi":474},335484,1955,"Yoder, H.S., Eugster, H.P. (1955) Synthetic and natural muscovites. \u003Ci>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (5) 225-280 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0016-7037(55)90001-6'>doi:10.1016\u002F0016-7037(55)90001-6\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0016-7037(55)90001-6",{"id":476,"year":477,"html":478,"doi":479},144350,1957,"Yoder, Hatten S. (1957) Experimental Studies on Micas: A Synthesis. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  6 (1) 42-60 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1957.0060105'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1957.0060105\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1957.0060105",{"id":481,"year":482,"html":483,"doi":484},144563,1963,"Nicol, Alastair W. (1963) Topotactic Transformation of Muscovite Under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  12 (1). 11-19 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1963.0120104'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1963.0120104\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1963.0120104",{"id":486,"year":487,"html":488,"doi":11},524031,1964,"Crowley, M. S., Roy, Rustum (1964) Crystalline solubility in the muscovite and phlogopite groups. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (3-4) 348-362 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM49\u002FAM49_348.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":490,"year":491,"html":492,"doi":11},16117992,1967,"Güven, N. (1967) The crystal structure of 2M1 phengite and 2M1 muscovite. Carnegie Inst. Washington Year Book: 66: 487-492.",{"id":494,"year":491,"html":495,"doi":496},6120,"Gupta, M. P., Gupta, N. P. (1967) An X-ray investigation of green mica in khondalite from Auranga-Koel Valley, Palamau, Bihar, India. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (280) 591-594 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1967.036.280.12'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1967.036.280.12\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_36\u002F36-280-591.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1967.036.280.12",{"id":498,"year":491,"html":499,"doi":500},107490,"Güven, Necip, Burnham, Charles W. (1967) The crystal structure of 3T muscovite. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  125 (125) 163-183 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1967.125.16.163'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1967.125.16.163\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol125\u002FZK125_163.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1967.125.16.163",{"id":502,"year":503,"html":504,"doi":505},6417,1970,"Henley, K. J. (1970) Cupriferous sericite from the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper ore, Kerman Province, Iran. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  37 (292) 945-947 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1970.037.292.15'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1970.037.292.15\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_37\u002F37-292-945.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1970.037.292.15",{"id":507,"year":508,"html":509,"doi":11},16117994,1986,"Brearley, A.J. (1986) An electron optical study of muscovite breakdown in pelitic xenoliths during pyrometamorphism. Mineralogical Magazine: 50: 385-397.",{"id":511,"year":508,"html":512,"doi":513},146164,"Knurr, Rick A.; Bailey, S. W. (1986) Refinement of Mn-Substituted Muscovite and Phlogopite. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  34 (1). 7-16 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1986.0340102'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1986.0340102\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1986.0340102",{"id":515,"year":516,"html":517,"doi":11},528280,1987,"Guggenheim, Stephen, Chang, Yu-Hwa, Groos, A. F. Koster van (1987) Muscovite dehydroxylation: High-temperature studies. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  72 (5-6) 537-550 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM72\u002FAM72_537.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":519,"year":516,"html":520,"doi":11},528316,"Rosenberg, Philip E. (1987) Synthetic muscovite solid solutions in the system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  72 (7-8) 716-723 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM72\u002FAM72_716.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":522,"year":523,"html":524,"doi":525},126924,1992,"Guidotti, Charles V., Mazzoli, Claudio, Sassi, Francesco P., Blencoe, James G. (1992) Compositional controls on the cell dimensions of 2M1 muscovite and paragonite. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  4 (2). 283-297 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F4\u002F2\u002F0283'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F4\u002F2\u002F0283\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F4\u002F2\u002F0283",{"id":527,"year":528,"html":529,"doi":11},1118654,1997,"Gaines, Richard V.; Skinner, H. Catherine W.; Foord, Eugene E.; Mason, Brian; Rosenzweig, Abraham; King, Vandall T. (1997) \u003Ci>Dana's New Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (8th ed.). Wiley-Interscience. 1872 pp.",{"id":531,"year":532,"html":533,"doi":11},15949274,1998,"Rieder, M., Cavazzini, G., D’Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardt, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Muller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radoslovich, E.W., Robert, J.L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., Wones, D.R. (1998) Nomenclature of the micas. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (3) 905-912 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fuploads\u002FCM36_905.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":535,"year":536,"html":537,"doi":538},63352,2000,"Guidotti, C. V., Sassi, F. P., Comodi, P., Zanazzi, P. F., Blencoe, J. G. (2000) The contrasting responses of muscovite and paragonite to increasing pressure: petrological implications. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (3). 707-712 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.38.3.707'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.38.3.707\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol38\u002FCM38_707.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.38.3.707",{"id":540,"year":541,"html":542,"doi":11},16966164,2001,"(2001) Muscovite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fmuscovite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":544,"year":545,"html":546,"doi":11},16117999,2003,"Busigny, V., Cartigny, P., Philippot, P., Javoy, M. (2003) Ammonium quantification in muscovite by infrared spectroscopy. Chemical Geology: 198: 21-31.",{"id":548,"year":549,"html":550,"doi":551},15676837,2023,"Franceschi, Giada; Kocán, Pavel; Conti, Andrea; Brandstetter, Sebastian; Balajka, Jan; Sokolović, Igor; Valtiner, Markus; Mittendorfer, Florian; Schmid, Michael; Setvín, Martin; et al. (2023) Resolving the intrinsic short-range ordering of K+ ions on cleaved muscovite mica. \u003Ci>Nature Communications\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (1). 208 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41467-023-35872-y'>doi:10.1038\u002Fs41467-023-35872-y\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1038\u002Fs41467-023-35872-y",{"id":553,"year":554,"html":555,"doi":556},17565503,2024,"Dubacq, Benoît, Forshaw, Jacob B. (2024) The composition of metapelitic biotite, white mica, and chlorite: a review with implications for solid-solution models. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (4). 657-685 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-36-657-2024'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-36-657-2024\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-36-657-2024",[558,565,571,576,581,591,600,609,618,627,636,644,653,662,669,677,685,694,702,710,718,726,733,739,748,755,763,771,778,785,793,801,810,817,822,831,839,849,856,865,872,880,888,893,902,910,917,924,931,940,947,956,963,971,978,986,993,1000,1007,1015,1023,1031,1038,1046,1053,1059,1066,1073,1082,1089,1097,1105,1111,1118,1126,1132,1137,1142],{"id":559,"source_url":560,"license_code":561,"credit_html":562,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":563,"original_height":564},30243,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114917","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114917\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,667,{"id":566,"source_url":567,"license_code":568,"credit_html":569,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":570,"original_height":563},30244,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F93053","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F93053\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",978,{"id":572,"source_url":573,"license_code":568,"credit_html":574,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":563,"original_height":575},30245,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65389","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65389\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",941,{"id":577,"source_url":578,"license_code":568,"credit_html":579,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":563,"original_height":580},30246,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F90783","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F90783\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",546,{"id":582,"source_url":583,"license_code":584,"credit_html":585,"title":586,"description":587,"author":588,"original_width":589,"original_height":590},32419,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164771","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164771\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-237466.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCoronel_Murta\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Coronel Murta\">Coronel Murta\u003C\u002Fa>, Jequitinhonha valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-28702.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.6 x 6.0 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A striking specimen of highly lustrous, yellow star mica crystals richly covering the starkly contrasting, sculptural, white feldspar matrix on this fine specimen from a new find at Coronel Murta, Brazil.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",566,600,{"id":592,"source_url":593,"license_code":568,"credit_html":594,"title":595,"description":596,"author":597,"original_width":598,"original_height":599},16896,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146498228","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146498228\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite from Neumark 01.jpg","Muscovite from Neumark, Germany","Kritzolina",5472,3648,{"id":601,"source_url":602,"license_code":584,"credit_html":603,"title":604,"description":605,"author":606,"original_width":607,"original_height":608},32420,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20600099","Claus Ableiter, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20600099\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muskovit, Glimmer weiß.JPG","withe mica, one of the 60 minerals of the silver mines in Bodenmais, Bavarian Forest, in the museum room of the Bersucherbergwerk Silberberg","Claus Ableiter",2412,1668,{"id":610,"source_url":611,"license_code":612,"credit_html":613,"title":614,"description":7,"author":615,"original_width":616,"original_height":617},32425,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=164219476","CC0 1.0","Wiso, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=164219476\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite260425.jpg","Wiso",3072,4096,{"id":619,"source_url":620,"license_code":568,"credit_html":621,"title":622,"description":623,"author":624,"original_width":625,"original_height":626},32427,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=180416060","Марися Лебідь, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=180416060\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Зростки мусковіту.jpg","Minerals in the Mineralogical Museum of Lviv","Марися Лебідь",4080,3060,{"id":628,"source_url":629,"license_code":561,"credit_html":630,"title":631,"description":632,"author":633,"original_width":634,"original_height":635},32428,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182879346","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182879346\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite Conselheiro Pena Minéraux SU.jpg","Muscovite from Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sorbonne University mineral collection.","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",6712,5034,{"id":637,"source_url":638,"license_code":561,"credit_html":639,"title":640,"description":641,"author":633,"original_width":642,"original_height":643},32429,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182899714","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182899714\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite Ipe Minéraux SU.jpg","Muscovite from Ipê mine, Golconda mining district, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais. Sorbonne University mineral collection.",5101,6801,{"id":645,"source_url":646,"license_code":568,"credit_html":647,"title":648,"description":649,"author":650,"original_width":651,"original_height":652},51682,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82982811","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82982811\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202384 photo (g27 g27-747 1 jpg).jpg","\"muskoviit\", \"damouriit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65377\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202384\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",3169,2067,{"id":654,"source_url":655,"license_code":568,"credit_html":656,"title":657,"description":658,"author":659,"original_width":660,"original_height":661},55420,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720169","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720169\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 172 - Mica muscovite (La Gerbaudière, Vendée, France).jpg","Mica muscovite, en provenance de La Gerbaudière (Vendée, France), au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",3836,2424,{"id":663,"source_url":664,"license_code":568,"credit_html":665,"title":666,"description":658,"author":659,"original_width":667,"original_height":668},55421,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720170","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720170\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 173 - Mica muscovite (La Gerbaudière, Vendée, France).jpg",4272,2848,{"id":670,"source_url":671,"license_code":568,"credit_html":672,"title":673,"description":674,"author":659,"original_width":675,"original_height":676},55423,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720178","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720178\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 176 - Mica muscovite (Morbihan, France).jpg","Mica muscovite, en provenance du Morbihan (France), au Muséum de Nantes",3544,2136,{"id":678,"source_url":679,"license_code":568,"credit_html":680,"title":681,"description":682,"author":659,"original_width":683,"original_height":684},55424,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720212","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720212\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 193 - Mico muscovite (Haute-Garonne, France).jpg","Mico muscovite, en provenance de Haute-Garonne (France), au Muséum de Nantes",2892,2536,{"id":686,"source_url":687,"license_code":584,"credit_html":688,"title":689,"description":690,"author":691,"original_width":692,"original_height":693},55859,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=30485691","Adam Ognisty, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=30485691\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fuchsyt kula 1.jpg","Kula z fuchsytu (fuksyt, muskowit chromowy, zielona mika) o średnicy 70mm","Adam Ognisty",1920,1440,{"id":695,"source_url":696,"license_code":584,"credit_html":697,"title":698,"description":699,"author":588,"original_width":700,"original_height":701},57189,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167665","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167665\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beryl-Muscovite-251599.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryl\">Beryl\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryl\">Goshenite\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Golconda pegmatite, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGovernador_Valadares\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Governador Valadares\">Governador Valadares\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4513.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4 x 2 x 2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A delicate, very sharp tabular colorless beryl crystal (goshenite) on Muscovite from old finds in Brazil. This lovely goshenite is 1.4 cm across and .3 cm thick, and grows on well-defined books of Muscovite. The beryl is perfectly gemmy, and quite attractive. Its form is so sharp it looks carved. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",499,411,{"id":703,"source_url":704,"license_code":584,"credit_html":705,"title":706,"description":707,"author":588,"original_width":708,"original_height":709},60299,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10133687","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10133687\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Microlite-49176.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMicrolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Microlite\">Microlite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ipê mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGovernador_Valadares\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Governador Valadares\">Governador Valadares\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21776.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen features several transparent golden-orange crystals of the rare oxide Microlite on Albite with yellowish-green Muscovite. These crystals are some of the best quality (despite their small size) Microlite crystals you\u003Ci>ll find. 2.3 x 2.2 x 2.2cm\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",428,504,{"id":711,"source_url":712,"license_code":584,"credit_html":713,"title":714,"description":715,"author":588,"original_width":716,"original_height":717},60300,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135797","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135797\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Microlite-60668.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMicrolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Microlite\">Microlite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ipê mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGovernador_Valadares\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Governador Valadares\">Governador Valadares\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21776.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen features several transparent golden-orange crystals of the rare oxide Microlite on Albite with yellowish-green Muscovite. These crystals are some of the best quality (despite their small size) Microlite crystals you\u003Ci>ll find. 4.0 x 3.0 x 2.5cm\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",763,576,{"id":719,"source_url":720,"license_code":584,"credit_html":721,"title":722,"description":723,"author":588,"original_width":724,"original_height":725},60305,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173207","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173207\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Microlite-Muscovite-286273.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMicrolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Microlite\">Microlite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ipê mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGovernador_Valadares\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Governador Valadares\">Governador Valadares\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21776.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.2 x 1.7 x 0.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen features several transparent golden-orange crystals of the rare oxide Microlite on yellowish-green Muscovite from the Ipê mine in Brazil. These crystals are some of the best quality (despite their small size) Microlite crystals you'll find. A great little specimen for one of the less common oxides out there. Ex. Brian Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",432,360,{"id":727,"source_url":728,"license_code":584,"credit_html":729,"title":730,"description":731,"author":588,"original_width":732,"original_height":709},62433,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137418","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137418\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Microlite-70650.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMicrolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Microlite\">Microlite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ipê mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGovernador_Valadares\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Governador Valadares\">Governador Valadares\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21776.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen features several transparent golden-orange crystals of the rare oxide Microlite on Albite with yellowish-green Muscovite. These crystals are some of the best quality (despite their small size) Microlite crystals you\u003Ci>ll find. A great little specimen for one of the rarer oxides out there. 2.7 x 2.4 x 2.2cm\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",465,{"id":734,"source_url":735,"license_code":584,"credit_html":736,"title":737,"description":723,"author":588,"original_width":738,"original_height":724},62435,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173206","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173206\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Microlite-Muscovite-286272.jpg",483,{"id":740,"source_url":741,"license_code":568,"credit_html":742,"title":743,"description":744,"author":745,"original_width":746,"original_height":747},64705,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162865373","Francesco Bini, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162865373\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pietre raccolte da odoardo beccari, muscovita da zedambas in eritrea (1870) e selce in aggregato xiloide da sarawak in borneo, malesia (1878).jpg","Natura collecta Natura exhibita (2019-2022 exhibition)","Francesco Bini",4164,1788,{"id":749,"source_url":750,"license_code":568,"credit_html":751,"title":752,"description":753,"author":650,"original_width":651,"original_height":754},79115,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83067010","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83067010\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202382 photo (g27 g27-745 1 jpg).jpg","\"muskoviit\", \"seritsiit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65359\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202382\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>",2343,{"id":756,"source_url":757,"license_code":568,"credit_html":758,"title":759,"description":760,"author":650,"original_width":761,"original_height":762},79116,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83084946","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83084946\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202383 photo (g27 g27-746 1 jpg).jpg","\"muskoviit\", \"seritsiit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65409\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202383\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>",2480,2205,{"id":764,"source_url":765,"license_code":584,"credit_html":766,"title":767,"description":768,"author":588,"original_width":769,"original_height":770},80420,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10126833","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10126833\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-38357.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>One of the most amazing crystallographic forms you can find in the mineral kingdom - a hillock of \"star\" muscovite, actually platy crystals with V-shaped terminations that stick out in every direction to form a \"star\". There is some bruising to some of the tips but few actually broken off. 7.5 x 4.5 x 4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",650,486,{"id":772,"source_url":773,"license_code":584,"credit_html":774,"title":775,"description":776,"author":588,"original_width":590,"original_height":777},80422,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137519","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137519\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-70800.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>It is obvious why this is called \"star\" muscovite, and these specimens are just so unique and attractive for a mineral that is usually overlooked as rather dull. Just really pretty, is it not?   5.9 x 5.1 x 3.6 cm  This Photo was Mindat.org Photo of the Day - 24th Dec 2006\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",581,{"id":779,"source_url":780,"license_code":584,"credit_html":781,"title":782,"description":783,"author":588,"original_width":769,"original_height":784},16891,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10126400","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10126400\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-Albite-38143.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baltistan\">Baltistan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit-Baltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit-Baltistan\">Northern Areas\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-23725.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A super-dramatic and sculptural specimen of what is sometimes called \"star\" muscovite because it can form star-like shapes. It consists of thick books of platy muscovite crystals, intergrown with snowy albite. The shiny luster of the muscovite crystals was not picked up by the camera, but it is the familiar glittering shine. 8.9 x 8.1 x 6.4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",574,{"id":786,"source_url":787,"license_code":584,"credit_html":788,"title":789,"description":790,"author":588,"original_width":791,"original_height":792},16892,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141088","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141088\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-Albite-122887.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPlagioclase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Plagioclase\">Cleavelandite\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDivino_das_Laranjeiras\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Divino das Laranjeiras\">Divino das Laranjeiras\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-381.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6 x 5.3 x 3.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Muscovite is almost always seen as an \"accessory\" mineral - except on rare occasions, as with this gorgeous specimen. The bladed crystals are bright pearly silver, in a complex intergrowth, with euhedral cleavelandites playing the role of accents on this specimen. Ex. Feist Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,338,{"id":794,"source_url":795,"license_code":584,"credit_html":796,"title":797,"description":798,"author":588,"original_width":799,"original_height":800},9091,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476919","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476919\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluorapatite-Muscovite-tuc8-098a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite-(CaF)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Chumar Bakhoor, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHunza_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hunza Valley\">Hunza Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit District\">Gilgit District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit-Baltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit-Baltistan\">Northern Areas\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-123425.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.6 x 6.2 x 4.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Fluorapatite on Muscovite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>From the gem pegmatites of Pakistan, this aesthetic specimen features a castle-like cluster of glassy and gemmy, pink crystals of fluorapatite to 2.0 cm in length, perched on contrasting crystals of muscovite to 1.3 cm across. The largest fluorapatite crystal is doubly terminated and almost an inch in size. It is nearly perfect but does have a small ding to the back of the top termination... when properly displayed this is not evident. Overall, considering these are usually priced at the source as if they were pink gold crystals, this is a very aesthetic specimen at a fair price, with remarkably freestanding presentation of the crystals. I obtained it direct at the mines and trimmed it up to get it this way...with some luck, I admit!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,684,{"id":802,"source_url":803,"license_code":568,"credit_html":804,"title":805,"description":806,"author":807,"original_width":808,"original_height":809},16895,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132634054","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132634054\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite with spessartine NHMLA.png","Sample of muscovite with spessartine collected from Pakistan. On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California.","Eric Polk",1847,2614,{"id":811,"source_url":812,"license_code":584,"credit_html":813,"title":814,"description":815,"author":588,"original_width":816,"original_height":799},16907,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429104","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429104\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-Quartz-ch16b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Pack Rat Mine, Mt. Tule, Jacumba District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-30939.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.0 x 4.4 x 1.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Quartz and Muscovite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A neat combination piece, and actually a good muscovite for a County collection. Self-collected by Chuck during late 1980's\u002Fearly 1990's while the mine was owned and worked by Fred Stevens. Ex. Chuck Houser Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",554,{"id":818,"source_url":819,"license_code":568,"credit_html":820,"title":821,"description":596,"author":597,"original_width":598,"original_height":599},16897,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146498229","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146498229\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite from Neumark 02.jpg",{"id":823,"source_url":824,"license_code":568,"credit_html":825,"title":826,"description":827,"author":828,"original_width":829,"original_height":830},553,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163793188","Motekov, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163793188\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","MORGANITE, ALBITE, MUSCOVITE - LATINKA- EARTH AND MAN NATIONAL MUSEUM.jpg","MORGANITE, ALBITE, MUSCOVITE - LATINKA- EARTH AND MAN NATIONAL MUSEUM, SOFIA, BULGARIA","Motekov",1298,851,{"id":832,"source_url":833,"license_code":584,"credit_html":834,"title":835,"description":836,"author":837,"original_width":799,"original_height":838},685,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1399423","Siim Sepp, 2006, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1399423\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Diorite2 pmg ss 2006.jpg","Igneous rock diorite. Photomicrograph with plane polarized light. The width of the view is approximately 0,2 cm. Main minerals are plagioclase (white), hornblende (green) and magnetite (black). Plagioclase is sericitic (covered with fine muscovite flakes) because of hydrothermal alteration.","Siim Sepp, 2006",533,{"id":840,"source_url":841,"license_code":842,"credit_html":843,"title":844,"description":845,"author":846,"original_width":847,"original_height":848},3872,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=478096","Public domain","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=478096\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Brazilianite with muscovite.jpg","Yellowish-green brazilianite crystals with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fmuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:muscovite\">muscovite\u003C\u002Fa> Galilea mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBrazil\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Brazil\">Brazil\u003C\u002Fa>. Photograph taken at the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNatural_History_Museum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Natural History Museum\">Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLondon\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:London\">London\u003C\u002Fa>.","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang)",557,491,{"id":850,"source_url":851,"license_code":584,"credit_html":852,"title":853,"description":854,"author":588,"original_width":855,"original_height":799},6100,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429116","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429116\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Manganocolumbite-Muscovite-ch22a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FManganocolumbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Manganocolumbite\">Manganocolumbite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Elizabeth R. Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChief_Mountain\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chief Mountain\">Chief Mountain\u003C\u002Fa>, Pala District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-10921.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.8 x 3.8 x 2.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Manganocolumbite, Cleavelandite, Muscovite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is an extremely rare specimen, the best Chuck knows of, from one of the more interesting mines in San Diego County. It features a very equant, sharp, and surprisingly attractive crystal of the rare species Manganocolumbite perched aesthetically on matrix. Ex. Chuck Houser Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",680,{"id":857,"source_url":858,"license_code":842,"credit_html":859,"title":860,"description":861,"author":862,"original_width":863,"original_height":864},6764,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20750041","Jeremy Zolan, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20750041\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cymatolite-158729.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCymatolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cymatolite\">Cymatolite\u003C\u002Fa> (Size: 8.9cm x 5.0cm )\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A classic specimen comprised of cymatolite on feldspar. Cymatolite is essentially a mixture of albite and muscovite. The cymatolite on this specimen appears highly fibrous and looks almost like something organic. Ex. Ted Johnson collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Jeremy Zolan",1024,669,{"id":866,"source_url":867,"license_code":584,"credit_html":868,"title":869,"description":870,"author":588,"original_width":590,"original_height":871},13034,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164549","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164549\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Eosphorite-Muscovite-Quartz-236453.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEosphorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Eosphorite\">Eosphorite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTaquaral\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Taquaral\">Taquaral\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FItinga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Itinga\">Itinga\u003C\u002Fa>, Jequitinhonha valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-20053.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.6 x 3.6 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen has beautiful ball-like clusters of sparkling, glassy eosphorite, perched on delicate yellow mica books and quartz. For a short time last fall, these were thought to be another, relatively new, species (kastningite) but at this point seem to be a weird varietal of eosphorite (and not a new species per se by the really technical mineralogist standards). In any case, they are attractive little clusters of this desirable species in a novel habit.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",575,{"id":873,"source_url":874,"license_code":875,"credit_html":876,"title":877,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":878,"original_height":879},16905,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=164266","CC BY 2.0","Unknown author, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=164266\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mineraly.sk - muskovit.jpg",340,200,{"id":881,"source_url":882,"license_code":842,"credit_html":883,"title":884,"description":885,"author":886,"original_width":887,"original_height":887},18104,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956088","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956088\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glaucophane in omphacite with muscovite and calcite soda amphibole Panoche Pass, San Benito County, California 2765.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",700,{"id":889,"source_url":890,"license_code":842,"credit_html":891,"title":892,"description":885,"author":886,"original_width":799,"original_height":799},18105,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956089","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956089\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glaucophane in omphacite with muscovite and calcite soda amphibole Panoche Pass, San Benito County, California 2766.jpg",{"id":894,"source_url":895,"license_code":875,"credit_html":896,"title":897,"description":898,"author":899,"original_width":900,"original_height":901},19484,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560060","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560060\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cherry blossom stones (pinite) (muscovite mica replacing intergrown cordierite-indialite) (mid-Cretaceous, 98 Ma; Kameoka, Honshu Island, Japan) 2.jpg","“Cherry blossom stones” - pinite (= muscovite mica replacing intergrown cordierite-indialite) from Kameoka, west of Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, southwestern Honshu Island, southern Japan.  (Limper Geology Museum specimens, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA)\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>One of the most famous & visually intriguing geologic materials collected in Japan is the cherry blossom stone.  These interesting structures have a complex geologic history.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>What are they now?\nCherry blossom stones are relatively small, subhexagonal-shaped masses of fine-grained muscovite mica that show a flower-like pattern in transverse cross-section.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>What did they used to be?\nThe muscovite mica is not the original material making up these structures.  Before the growth of muscovite mica, these were complex intergrowths of six cordierite crystals and one indialite crystal.  So, cherry blossom stones represent muscovite mica replacing cordierite-indialite (muscovite pseudomorphs after cordierite-indialite).  Such complex pseudomorphs have been referred to as pinite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>What is the host rock?\nCherry blossom stones are hosted in a matrix of hornfels, a fine-grained, contact metamorphic rock.  Hornfels form by intense alteration (heating & chemical alteration) of shales by nearby lava or magma.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>How did they form?\nThe hornfels host rocks were originally fine-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks (shales) of the Tamba Group (Triassic-Jurassic-lowermost Cretaceous).  In the mid-Cretaceous (early Cenomanian Stage, ~98 m.y.), underground igneous activity resulted in granites and granodiorite intrusions altering the shales into hornfels by contact metamorphism.  These hornfels had decent-sized masses of intergrown cordierite-indialite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Indialite is a magnesium aluminosilicate mineral (Mg2Al4Si5O18).  Cordierite is an iron magnesium aluminosilicate mineral ((Fe,Mg)2Al4Si5O18).  The subhexagonal-shaped masses of cordierite-indialite in the hornfels consist of seven individual crystals.  At the center of each mass is a dumbbell-shaped indialite crystal - very narrow at the center, and relatively wide at the ends (look at the varying sizes of the center hexagon in the cherry blossom stones shown above).  Surrounding the indialite crystal are six prism-shaped cordierite crystals.  They are widest at the center of each cherry blossom stone and narrowest at the ends.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A second metamorphic event altered the cordierite-indialite masses.  Hydrothermal metamorphism resulted in fine-grained muscovite mica replacing the original minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Much info. from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nRakovan et al. (2006) - Sakura Ishi (cherry blossom stones): mica pseudomorphs of complex cordierite-indialite intergrowths from Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.  in  Minerals from Japan.  Rocks & Minerals Reprint 2006: 31-39.","James St. John",1330,1216,{"id":903,"source_url":904,"license_code":875,"credit_html":905,"title":906,"description":907,"author":899,"original_width":908,"original_height":909},19485,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560061","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560061\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cherry blossom stone (pinite) (muscovite mica replacing intergrown cordierite-indialite) (mid-Cretaceous, 98 Ma; Kameoka, Honshu Island, Japan) 1.jpg","“Cherry blossom stone” (9 mm across) - pinite (= muscovite mica replacing intergrown cordierite-indialite) from Kameoka, west of Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, southwestern Honshu Island, southern Japan.  The small, central, hexagonal structure represents where indialite used to be.  The “petals” of the cherry blossom flower (= the 6 wedge-shaped masses surrounding the center hexagon) represent where cordierite used to be.\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>One of the most famous & visually intriguing geologic materials collected in Japan is the cherry blossom stone.  These interesting structures have a complex geologic history.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>What are they now?\nCherry blossom stones are relatively small, subhexagonal-shaped masses of fine-grained muscovite mica that show a flower-like pattern in transverse cross-section.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>What did they used to be?\nThe muscovite mica is not the original material making up these structures.  Before the growth of muscovite mica, these were complex intergrowths of six cordierite crystals and one indialite crystal.  So, cherry blossom stones represent muscovite mica replacing cordierite-indialite (muscovite pseudomorphs after cordierite-indialite).  Such complex pseudomorphs have been referred to as pinite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>What is the host rock?\nCherry blossom stones are hosted in a matrix of hornfels, a fine-grained, contact metamorphic rock.  Hornfels form by intense alteration (heating & chemical alteration) of shales by nearby lava or magma.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>How did they form?\nThe hornfels host rocks were originally fine-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks (shales) of the Tamba Group (Triassic-Jurassic-lowermost Cretaceous).  In the mid-Cretaceous (early Cenomanian Stage, ~98 m.y.), underground igneous activity resulted in granites and granodiorite intrusions altering the shales into hornfels by contact metamorphism.  These hornfels had decent-sized masses of intergrown cordierite-indialite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Indialite is a magnesium aluminosilicate mineral (Mg2Al4Si5O18).  Cordierite is an iron magnesium aluminosilicate mineral ((Fe,Mg)2Al4Si5O18).  The subhexagonal-shaped masses of cordierite-indialite in the hornfels consist of seven individual crystals.  At the center of each mass is a dumbbell-shaped indialite crystal - very narrow at the center, and relatively wide at the ends (look at the varying sizes of the center hexagon in the cherry blossom stones in this photo album).  Surrounding the indialite crystal are six prism-shaped cordierite crystals.  They are widest at the center of each cherry blossom stone and narrowest at the ends.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A second metamorphic event altered the cordierite-indialite masses.  Hydrothermal metamorphism resulted in fine-grained muscovite mica replacing the original minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Much info. from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nRakovan et al. (2006) - Sakura Ishi (cherry blossom stones): mica pseudomorphs of complex cordierite-indialite intergrowths from Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.  in  Minerals from Japan.  Rocks & Minerals Reprint 2006: 31-39.",666,642,{"id":911,"source_url":912,"license_code":875,"credit_html":913,"title":914,"description":898,"author":899,"original_width":915,"original_height":916},19486,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560064","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560064\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cherry blossom stones (pinite) (muscovite mica replacing intergrown cordierite-indialite) (mid-Cretaceous, 98 Ma; Kameoka, Honshu Island, Japan) 4.jpg",1132,1237,{"id":918,"source_url":919,"license_code":875,"credit_html":920,"title":921,"description":898,"author":899,"original_width":922,"original_height":923},19487,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560065","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560065\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cherry blossom stones (pinite) (muscovite mica replacing intergrown cordierite-indialite) (mid-Cretaceous, 98 Ma; Kameoka, Honshu Island, Japan) 3.jpg",1060,1048,{"id":925,"source_url":926,"license_code":875,"credit_html":927,"title":928,"description":929,"author":899,"original_width":930,"original_height":536},22743,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84543801","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84543801\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Staurolite-muscovite schist (Michigamme Formation, Paleoproterozoic; south of the Imperial Mine, near Michigamme, Michigan, USA) (49155783922).jpg","\u003Cp>Staurolite schist from the Precambrian of Michigan, USA. (public display, Seaman Mineral Museum, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Staurolite is a moderately common metamorphic mineral, usually found in schists & gneisses.  It is an iron aluminum hydroxy-oxy-silicate mineral, ideally Fe2Al9O6(SiO4)4(O,OH)2.  Staurolite is famous for its tendency to form interpenetrating twins - individual crystals tend to cross each other at acute angles, forming \"X\"s or crosses.  These are called cruciform twins.  Perfect cross-shaped staurolite twins are sometimes called \"fairy crosses\" or \"fairy stones\".  Many fairy crosses offered for sale are fakes (carved & dyed rock).  Staurolite is nonmetallic in luster, typically dark brown in color, quite hard (H=7 to 7.5), and has no cleavage.  Staurolite tends to alter to muscovite mica if potassium (K) is added.  The iron of altered staurolite goes into forming hematite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a staurolite-muscovite schist from northern Michigan.  Schist is a foliated, intermediate- to high-grade, metamorphic rock.  This one is from the Michigamme Formation, an ancient succession of metamorphosed marine sedimentary rocks.  The unit is heterolithic, with slates, phyllites, schists, meta-iron formations, metaquartzites, metadolostones, metaconglomerates, and some metavolcanic rocks.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: Michigamme Formation, upper Baraga Group, uppermost Marquette Range Supergroup, upper Paleoproterozoic, ~1.85-1.86 Ga (another date in the published literature is 1.93 Ga)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded\u002Fundisclosed site south of the Imperial Mine, west or southwest of the town of Michigamme, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of staurolite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=3753\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=3753\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=3753<\u002Fa>",3008,{"id":932,"source_url":933,"license_code":568,"credit_html":934,"title":935,"description":936,"author":937,"original_width":938,"original_height":939},27027,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=187239034","Strubbl, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=187239034\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uralolith auf Spodumenpegmatit mit Spodumen Muskovit Quarz 21015 1.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUralolith\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Uralolith\">Uralolith\u003C\u002Fa> auf Spodumen-Pegmatit mit \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSpodumen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Spodumen\">Spodumen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuskovit\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Muskovit\">Muskovit\u003C\u002Fa> und \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuarz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Quarz\">Quarz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Gewicht: 187 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Fundort: Brandrücken-Explorationsstollen, Weinebene, Koralpe, Kärnten, Österreich\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Strubbl",6735,4490,{"id":941,"source_url":942,"license_code":568,"credit_html":943,"title":944,"description":936,"author":937,"original_width":945,"original_height":946},27028,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=187239044","Strubbl, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=187239044\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uralolith auf Spodumenpegmatit mit Spodumen Muskovit Quarz 21015 2.jpg",6992,4661,{"id":948,"source_url":949,"license_code":568,"credit_html":950,"title":951,"description":952,"author":953,"original_width":954,"original_height":955},27643,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130536","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130536\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, muscovite, schorl.jpg","beryl var. alkali-beryl, mica var. muscovite, tourmaline var. schorl : Deo Darrah, Khas & Kuran wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan","Géry PARENT",1995,1557,{"id":957,"source_url":958,"license_code":568,"credit_html":959,"title":960,"description":952,"author":953,"original_width":961,"original_height":962},27644,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130537","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130537\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, muscovite, schorl 1.jpg",1974,1423,{"id":964,"source_url":965,"license_code":568,"credit_html":966,"title":967,"description":968,"author":953,"original_width":969,"original_height":970},27645,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130538","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130538\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, muscovite, quartz, schorl.jpg","beryl var. alkali-beryl, mica var. muscovite, quartz, tourmaline var. schorl : Deo Darrah, Khas & Kuran wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan",1976,1401,{"id":972,"source_url":973,"license_code":568,"credit_html":974,"title":975,"description":976,"author":953,"original_width":508,"original_height":977},27646,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130539","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130539\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, quartz, muscovite.jpg","beryl var. alkali-beryl, quartz, mica var. muscovite : Deo Darrah, Khas & Kuran wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan",1664,{"id":979,"source_url":980,"license_code":875,"credit_html":981,"title":982,"description":983,"author":899,"original_width":984,"original_height":985},31125,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=165241237","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=165241237\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline coated with muscovite mica (Keystone Mining Distict, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 3.jpg","Schorl tourmaline coated with muscovite mica from South Dakota, USA. (Karl E. Limper Geology Museum collection, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 6100 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with subtriangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl.  A dark brown, Mg-rich variety is called dravite.  Other types of tourmaline include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Exhibit info.:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline (variety Schorl)\nKeystone Mining District, South Dakota\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The mineral tourmaline has a very complex chemistry because its crystal structure allows many different elements to fit within it; this leads to a very wide range of different colored varieties.  This dark variety, called schorl, is by far the most common and is rich in sodium and ferrous iron.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded \u002F undisclosed site in the Keystone Mining District, Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003",3413,1603,{"id":987,"source_url":988,"license_code":842,"credit_html":989,"title":990,"description":991,"author":953,"original_width":992,"original_height":668},32134,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6934946","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6934946\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet, mica 1.jpg","garnet var. almandine, mica var. muscovite : Hunza Valley, Gilgit District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas), Pakistan",4288,{"id":994,"source_url":995,"license_code":584,"credit_html":996,"title":997,"description":998,"author":588,"original_width":590,"original_height":999},32141,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154693","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154693\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-Almandine-188163.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Little Pine Garnet Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMarshall\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Marshall\">Marshall\u003C\u002Fa>, Madison County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth_Carolina\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North Carolina\">North Carolina\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5516.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 13.4 x 11.4 x 0.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a very large muscovite crystal, with perfect cleavage, shiny and transparent, with a cluster of weirdly flattened, gemmy red almandines included within it.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",503,{"id":1001,"source_url":1002,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1003,"title":1004,"description":1005,"author":588,"original_width":799,"original_height":1006},32144,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456195","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456195\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-Muscovite-pas-128a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSpruce_Pine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Spruce Pine\">Spruce Pine\u003C\u002Fa>, Spruce Pine District, Mitchell County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth_Carolina\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North Carolina\">North Carolina\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4041.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 9.1 x 7.3 x 0.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Almandine Garnet in Muscovite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A beautiful \"windowpane\" muscovite cleavage with bright, gemmy, sparkling red garnets sitting inside! Note it is like a sheet of plastic...you can see through to the stand behind it. Classic old material from this important historic locality. While mined into the later 1900s, most specimens of later years were ugly and dull incomparison to the bright association here.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",627,{"id":1008,"source_url":1009,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1010,"title":1011,"description":1012,"author":1013,"original_width":732,"original_height":1014},32145,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27631755","Moha112100, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27631755\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet Almandine Muscovite.jpg","Garnet","Moha112100",412,{"id":1016,"source_url":1017,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1018,"title":1019,"description":1020,"author":953,"original_width":1021,"original_height":1022},55272,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=13338295","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=13338295\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluorapatite, muscovite3.jpg","fluorapatite var. pink fluorapatite, mica var. muscovite : Chumar Bakhoor, Hunza Valley, Gilgit District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas), Pakistan",3921,2605,{"id":1024,"source_url":1025,"license_code":568,"credit_html":1026,"title":1027,"description":1028,"author":953,"original_width":1029,"original_height":1030},55274,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=37016276","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=37016276\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Apatite-(CaF), muscovite 2.jpg","fluorapatite, mica var. muscovite : Chamachhu Pegmatites, Chamachhu, Haramosh Mts, Skardu District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas), Pakistan",1981,1315,{"id":1032,"source_url":1033,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1034,"title":1035,"description":1036,"author":588,"original_width":1037,"original_height":791},55459,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441878","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441878\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Strontiumapatite-mz275b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Nyet, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShigar_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shigar Valley\">Shigar Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSkardu_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Skardu District\">Skardu District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baltistan\">Baltistan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit-Baltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit-Baltistan\">Northern Areas\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-133115.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6 x 1.7 x 1.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Apatite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a fine combination specimen: a doubly terminated, 6 cm long, lustrous, beige colored apatite, that has one side covered with pearlescent muscovite and a doubly terminated quartz crystal. Extremely fine, especially for the size of the doubly-terminated crystal! 6 x 1.7 x 1.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",221,{"id":1039,"source_url":1040,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1041,"title":1042,"description":1043,"author":1044,"original_width":769,"original_height":1045},57179,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1379651","No machine-readable author provided. Kluka assumed (based on copyright claims)., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1379651\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beryl goshenit, muskowit, skaleń 1Chiny.jpg","Beryl goshenit, muskowit, skaleń Chiny, autor zdjęcia Stowarzyszenie Spirifer, 25.10.2006 r.","No machine-readable author provided. Kluka assumed (based on copyright claims).",450,{"id":1047,"source_url":1048,"license_code":842,"credit_html":1049,"title":1050,"description":1051,"author":1052,"original_width":930,"original_height":536},57180,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5148700","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5148700\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Goshénite sur mica muscovite2 (Chine).jpg","crsytals de beryl var. goshenite, crystals of mica var. muscovite : Huya W-Sn-Be deposit (Pingwu beryl mine), Huya township, Mt. Xuebaoding, Pingwu Co., Mianyang Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China","Parent Géry",{"id":1054,"source_url":1055,"license_code":842,"credit_html":1056,"title":1057,"description":1058,"author":953,"original_width":992,"original_height":668},57194,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11888959","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11888959\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beryl, mica 2.jpg","beryl var. goshenite, mica var. muscovite : Chumar Bakhoor, Hunza Valley, Gilgit District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas), Pakistan",{"id":1060,"source_url":1061,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1062,"title":1063,"description":1064,"author":588,"original_width":1065,"original_height":590},60380,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175053","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175053\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydroxylherderite-Albite-Muscovite-30058.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydroxylherderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydroxylherderite\">Hydroxylherderite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPlagioclase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Plagioclase\">Cleavelandite\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3554.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Rare locality piece with sharp, thin white hydroxylherderite xls on matrix. self collected 2.3 x 1.5 x 1.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",376,{"id":1067,"source_url":1068,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1069,"title":1070,"description":1071,"author":588,"original_width":799,"original_height":1072},60385,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10419474","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10419474\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Herderite-Muscovite-t07-50a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHerderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Herderite\">Herderite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Barra de Salinas district, Barra de Salinas, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCoronel_Murta\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Coronel Murta\">Coronel Murta\u003C\u002Fa>, Jequitinhonha valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-390.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.7 x 3.1 x 3.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Hydroxyl-Herderite on columnar muscovite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Two lustrous, translucent, lilac-colored crystals of hydroxylherderite to 3.0 cm in length are perched on a large, cleaved lepidolite crystal; upon which has grown a crust of light yellow-green laths of muscovite to .7 cm in length. This really delineates the paragenesis of this specimen and makes for a good discussion point. The purple color is striking, set against the columnar muscovites. These are fairly large for the find, as well.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",493,{"id":1074,"source_url":1075,"license_code":875,"credit_html":1076,"title":1077,"description":1078,"author":1079,"original_width":1080,"original_height":1081},60721,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74327920","James St. John (jsj1771) (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fpeople\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74327920\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hornfels from Mikata on Honshu in Japan.jpg","Hornfels with pinite (= muscovite mica replacing intergrown cordierite-indialite; “cherry blossom stones”), Tamba Group, Mesozoic (Triassic to lowermost Cretaceous), ~98 m.y. contact metamorphic date. \n\u003Cp>Locality: at or near Mikata, Mikata District, Fukui Prefecture, Honshu Island, southern Japan. \n\u003C\u002Fp>\n(Limper Geology Museum specimen, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA)","James St. John (jsj1771) (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fpeople\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F)",2908,1723,{"id":1083,"source_url":1084,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1085,"title":1086,"description":1087,"author":588,"original_width":791,"original_height":1088},73337,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453307","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453307\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-Perovskite-Tosudite-mrz172b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPerovskite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Perovskite\">Perovskite\u003C\u002Fa>, Chlorite\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Akhmatovskaya Kop (Achmatovsk Mine), Nyazyamskie Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZlatoust\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zlatoust\">Zlatoust\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChelyabinsk_Oblast\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chelyabinsk Oblast\">Chelyabinsk Oblast'\u003C\u002Fa>, Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2616.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.9 x 3.6 x 2.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Perovskite on Chlorite-included Muscovite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp, waxy-lustrous, superbly isolated crystal measuring about 1.5 x 1 cm.Unusual, in its isolation, and i love the green-associated matrix, of blades of muscovite colored green by chlorite!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",352,{"id":1090,"source_url":1091,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1092,"title":1093,"description":1094,"author":1052,"original_width":1095,"original_height":1096},78077,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15025422","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15025422\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sapphirine, muscovite.jpg","crystals of sapphirine, crystals of mica var. muscovite : Betroka District, Anosy Region (Fort Dauphin Region), Tuléar Province (Toliara), Madagascar",3568,2464,{"id":1098,"source_url":1099,"license_code":568,"credit_html":1100,"title":1101,"description":1102,"author":953,"original_width":1103,"original_height":1104},80426,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575515","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575515\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite, cleavelandite 7100.0649.jpg","mica var. star-muscovite, albite var. cleavelandite : Linópolis, Divino das Laranjeiras, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil",1988,1326,{"id":1106,"source_url":1107,"license_code":568,"credit_html":1108,"title":1109,"description":1102,"author":953,"original_width":503,"original_height":1110},80427,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575516","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575516\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite, cleavelandite 7100.0652.jpg",1412,{"id":1112,"source_url":1113,"license_code":568,"credit_html":1114,"title":1115,"description":1102,"author":953,"original_width":1116,"original_height":1117},80428,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575517","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575517\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite, cleavelandite 7100.FS2014.jpg",1973,1541,{"id":1119,"source_url":1120,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1121,"title":1122,"description":1123,"author":588,"original_width":1124,"original_height":1125},81968,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176190","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176190\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tantalite-(Mn)-Muscovite-162975.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTantalite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tantalite\">Tantalite-(Mn)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Darra-i-Pech (Pech; Peech; Darra-e-Pech) Pegmatite Field, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNangarhar_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nangarhar Province\">Nangarhar (Ningarhar) Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Afghanistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5564.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.7 x 4.7 x 4.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A DRAMATIC Pech, Afghanistan combination specimen. A sharp, lustrous, 1.7 cm, steel-gray manganotantalite crystal is nestled and partially hidden at the base of an aesthetic, vertical cluster of pearlescent, sharply hexagonal, tan muscovite books jauntily perched atop a feldspar matrix. This is a highly representative combination specimen, including this rare tantalum oxide, from this famous locality.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",435,500,{"id":1127,"source_url":1128,"license_code":584,"credit_html":1129,"title":1130,"description":1131,"author":1044,"original_width":769,"original_height":1045},85052,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1045759","No machine-readable author provided. Kluka assumed (based on copyright claims)., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1045759\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Turmalin verdelit, albit, muskowit Madagaskar.jpg","minerał; turmalin verdelit. pochodzenie Madagaskar; autor zdjęcia Stowarzyszenie Spirifer 10.07.2006r.",{"id":1133,"source_url":1134,"license_code":568,"credit_html":1135,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":563,"original_height":1136},88102,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65377","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65377\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",652,{"id":1138,"source_url":1139,"license_code":568,"credit_html":1140,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":563,"original_height":1141},89279,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65409","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65409\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",889,{"id":1143,"source_url":1144,"license_code":568,"credit_html":1145,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":563,"original_height":1146},89280,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65359","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65359\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",739,[1148,1155,1161,1166,1171],{"id":1149,"url":1150,"label":1151,"formula":1152,"spacegroup":1153,"year":1154},9648,"\u002Fcif\u002F9648.cif","Elmi 2013","(K.865 Na.135) Al2.842 Fe.07 Mg.036 Ti.006 Si3.044 O11.946 (F.054 H1.946)","C 1 2\u002Fc 1",2013,{"id":1156,"url":1157,"label":1158,"formula":1159,"spacegroup":1153,"year":1160},9649,"\u002Fcif\u002F9649.cif","Mesto 2012","K.465 Na.03 Ba.01 N.36 H2.86 Al2.73 Si3.128 O11.236",2012,{"id":1162,"url":1163,"label":1164,"formula":1165,"spacegroup":1153,"year":541},9650,"\u002Fcif\u002F9650.cif","Brigatti 2001 · O11.995 Cl.005 Si3.11 Al2.748 Ti.003 Fe.039 Cr.062 Mg.081 Ba.044 Na.103 K.857 H1.829","O11.995 Cl.005 Si3.11 Al2.748 Ti.003 Fe.039 Cr.062 Mg.081 Ba.044 Na.103 K.857 H1.829",{"id":1167,"url":1168,"label":1169,"formula":1170,"spacegroup":1153,"year":541},9651,"\u002Fcif\u002F9651.cif","Brigatti 2001 · O11.969 F.031 Si3.069 Al2.774 Ti.019 Fe.021 Cr.099 Mg.02 Ca.004 Na.268 K.725 H1.92","O11.969 F.031 Si3.069 Al2.774 Ti.019 Fe.021 Cr.099 Mg.02 Ca.004 Na.268 K.725 H1.92",{"id":1172,"url":1173,"label":1174,"formula":1175,"spacegroup":1153,"year":541},9652,"\u002Fcif\u002F9652.cif","Brigatti 2001 · O11.958 F.041 Cl.001 Si3.135 Al2.691 Ti.033 Fe.102 Cr.108 Mg.11 (Ba.012 Na.029 K.959) H1.456","O11.958 F.041 Cl.001 Si3.135 Al2.691 Ti.033 Fe.102 Cr.108 Mg.11 (Ba.012 Na.029 K.959) H1.456",[1177,1178,1179,1180,1181,1182,1183,1184,1185,1186,1187,1188,1189,1190,1191],"Ammochrysos","Amphilogite","Antonit","Antonita","Antonite","Argent des chats","Astrolit","Astrolita","Didymite","Kaliglimmer","Katzensilber","Muscovy Glass","Muscowit","Muscowitow","Oncosine",[1193,1198,1202,1206,1210,1214,1219,1224,1227,1234,1238,1242,1246,1251,1258,1262,1266,1274,1278,1282,1285,1289,1293,1296,1300,1304,1307,1311,1314,1317,1320,1324,1327,1331,1334,1338,1342,1345,1350,1355,1360,1364,1368,1372,1376,1379,1383,1387,1391,1394,1399,1403,1406,1409,1412,1416,1420,1424,1427,1430,1433,1437,1440,1443,1446,1449],{"lang":1194,"names":1195},"af",[1196,1197],"Muskoviet","Muskowiet",{"lang":1199,"names":1200},"ar",[1201],"مسكوفيت",{"lang":1203,"names":1204},"az",[1205],"Muskovit",{"lang":1207,"names":1208},"be",[1209],"мускавіт",{"lang":1211,"names":1212},"bg",[1213],"Мусковит",{"lang":1215,"names":1216},"ca",[1217,1218],"mica blanca","moscovita",{"lang":1220,"names":1221},"cs",[1222,1223],"Kočičí stříbro","muskovit",{"lang":1225,"names":1226},"da",[1205],{"lang":1228,"names":1229},"de",[1230,1187,1231,1205,1232,1233],"Hellglimmer","Mariposit","Serizit","Tonerdeglimmer",{"lang":1235,"names":1236},"el",[1237],"Μοσχοβίτης",{"lang":1239,"names":1240},"eo",[1241],"Muskovito",{"lang":1243,"names":1244},"es",[1245,1217,1218],"alurgita",{"lang":1247,"names":1248},"et",[1249,1250],"kaaliumvilk","muskoviit",{"lang":1252,"names":1253},"eu",[1254,1255,1256,1257],"Moskobita","Moskovita","Muscovita","muskobita",{"lang":1259,"names":1260},"fa",[1261],"موسکویت",{"lang":1263,"names":1264},"fi",[1265],"Muskoviitti",{"lang":1267,"names":1268},"fr",[94,1269,1177,1178,1181,1270,1182,1185,1271,7,1191,1272,1273],"Ammochryse","Argent de chat","Mica argentin","Polychroïlite","Verre de Moscou",{"lang":1275,"names":1276},"gl",[1277],"Moscovita",{"lang":1279,"names":1280},"he",[1281],"מוסקוביט",{"lang":1283,"names":1284},"hr",[1205],{"lang":1286,"names":1287},"hu",[1288],"muszkovit",{"lang":1290,"names":1291},"hy",[1292],"Մուսկովիտ",{"lang":1294,"names":1295},"id",[1205],{"lang":1297,"names":1298},"it",[1299,7],"Moscovite",{"lang":1301,"names":1302},"ja",[1303],"白雲母",{"lang":1305,"names":1306},"kk",[1213],{"lang":1308,"names":1309},"kk-arab",[1310],"مۋسكوۆىيت",{"lang":1312,"names":1313},"kk-cn",[1310],{"lang":1315,"names":1316},"kk-cyrl",[1213],{"lang":1318,"names":1319},"kk-kz",[1213],{"lang":1321,"names":1322},"kk-latn",[1323],"Mwskovït",{"lang":1325,"names":1326},"kk-tr",[1323],{"lang":1328,"names":1329},"ko",[1330],"백운모",{"lang":1332,"names":1333},"ky",[1213],{"lang":1335,"names":1336},"lt",[1337],"muskovitas",{"lang":1339,"names":1340},"mk",[1341],"мусковит",{"lang":1343,"names":1344},"ms",[1205],{"lang":1346,"names":1347},"nb",[1348,1349],"muskovitt","Muskowitt",{"lang":1351,"names":1352},"nds",[1353,1205,1354],"Hell Glimmer","Tooneerglimmer",{"lang":1356,"names":1357},"nl",[1358,1359,1196],"Moscoviet","muscoviet",{"lang":1361,"names":1362},"nn",[1348,1363],"muskovittglimmer",{"lang":1365,"names":1366},"no",[1367],"Muskovitt",{"lang":1369,"names":1370},"oc",[1371],"muscovite",{"lang":1373,"names":1374},"pl",[1375],"Muskowit",{"lang":1377,"names":1378},"pt",[1218,1299,1256],{"lang":1380,"names":1381},"pt-br",[1218,1382],"muscovita",{"lang":1384,"names":1385},"ro",[1386],"Muscovit",{"lang":1388,"names":1389},"ru",[1341,1390],"Слюда-мусковита",{"lang":1392,"names":1393},"sk",[1205],{"lang":1395,"names":1396},"sl",[1397,1223,1398],"kalijeva sljuda","rusko steklo",{"lang":1400,"names":1401},"sr",[1402,1205],"Beli liskun",{"lang":1404,"names":1405},"sr-ec",[1213],{"lang":1407,"names":1408},"sr-el",[1205],{"lang":1410,"names":1411},"sv",[1223],{"lang":1413,"names":1414},"th",[1415],"แร่กลีบหินขาว",{"lang":1417,"names":1418},"tr",[1419,1205],"Beyaz mika",{"lang":1421,"names":1422},"uk",[1423],"мусковіт",{"lang":1425,"names":1426},"uz",[1205],{"lang":1428,"names":1429},"vi",[1386],{"lang":1431,"names":1432},"zh",[1303],{"lang":1434,"names":1435},"zh-cn",[1436],"白云母",{"lang":1438,"names":1439},"zh-hans",[1436],{"lang":1441,"names":1442},"zh-hant",[1303],{"lang":1444,"names":1445},"zh-hk",[1303],{"lang":1447,"names":1448},"zh-sg",[1436],{"lang":1450,"names":1451},"zh-tw",[1303],"Q106532",{"history":1454,"applications":1458},{"markdown":1455,"model_version":1456,"prompt_version":1457,"reviewed_at":11},"The name **muscovite** is a memory of a Russian trade. Before glass became cheap, sheets of this mineral did the work of windows — clear, tough, splittable into panes by the thumb.\n\nMica in the general sense was known to ancient Indian, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Chinese civilisations, and to the Aztecs[1]. Several pre-modern names for what would become muscovite circulated through European texts in the seventeenth century and before: *Muscovy Glass*, *Cat Silver*, and *lapis specularis* — *stone mirror*[2].\n\nThe English name came from a Tudor diplomat's mailbag. Sheets of the mineral were imported from the Russian province of Muscovy, where they served as a cheaper substitute for window glass[3]. The English term *Muscovy-glass* first appears in letters from 1568 written by George Turberville, secretary to England's ambassador at the court of Tsar Ivan the Terrible[3].\n\nBy the early eighteenth century, English mineralogy had begun catching the mineral under three further names. *Mica* and *glimmer* both surface in Phillips and Kersey's 1706 dictionary; *isinglass* follows in 1747, on the record of the Oxford English Dictionary[2]. *Isinglass* arrived by an odd transfer — the word had previously meant a gelatinous bladder taken from sturgeon, and only later was applied to thin transparent mineral sheets that looked similar[2].\n\nThe standalone name **muscovite** entered scientific use in 1794, when the mineralogist Johann Gottfried Schmeisser used it in his *System of Mineralogy*[2]. The form was derived directly from *Muscovy glass*, the older trade name that was still in common use at the time[2].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":1459,"model_version":1456,"prompt_version":1457,"reviewed_at":11},"Muscovite reaches industry in two very different forms. Large transparent sheets, split by hand from a single crystal, supply the electrical and high-temperature trades. Ground powder, milled from smaller fragments, goes into paints, plastics, drywall, and cosmetics.\n\n### Sheet mica\n\nMuscovite is the principal mica used by the electrical industry. Its thin sheets work as a dielectric — the insulating layer that separates charged plates — in capacitors built for high-frequency and radio-frequency use[1]. Only the highest-quality grade, known in the trade as *India ruby mica* or *ruby muscovite mica*, is selected for this role[2].\n\nCleavability and heat tolerance suit the same sheets to other duties. They line the gauge glasses of high-pressure steam boilers, where flexibility, transparency, and resistance to heat together matter[3]. They substitute for glass in industrial furnace and oven windows, and in the small peepholes of stoves and lanterns where ordinary glass would crack[4].\n\n### Ground mica\n\nGround muscovite is consumed in much larger volume than sheet, but for less glamorous ends. The single biggest outlet, in the United States, is the joint compound used to fill and finish seams in gypsum wallboard — drywall. In 2008, joint compound accounted for 54 percent of all dry-ground mica consumption[5].\n\nPaint is the second outlet. Ground mica serves as a pigment extender — a low-cost filler that bulks out the pigment without dulling its colour — and took 22 percent of dry-ground supply in 2008[5]. A second stream, wet-ground mica, is reserved for the pearlescent paints used by the automotive industry[6].\n\nThe cosmetic industry draws on the same reflective and refractive properties, putting mica into blushes, eye shadow, eye liner, lipstick, mascara, and body glitter[7].\n\nDrilling, plastics, and rubber take the rest. Well-drilling muds — the dense fluids pumped down a borehole to lift rock cuttings out — used 15 percent of dry-ground mica in 2008[5]. The plastics industry adds it as an extender and filler, especially in automotive parts[8]. The rubber industry uses it as an inert filler and as a mould-release compound, including in tyre manufacture[8].\n\nMost sheet mica today comes from India, with smaller quantities from Russia and Madagascar[9]. Indian and Madagascan mica is also mined artisanally, in poor working conditions and with the help of child labour[10]."]