[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:357":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":8,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":16,"key_elements":17,"impurities":18,"cim":19,"ima_status":20,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":23,"strunz10ed1":24,"strunz10ed2":25,"strunz10ed3":26,"strunz10ed4":27,"dana8ed1":24,"dana8ed2":28,"dana8ed3":24,"dana8ed4":24,"csystem":29,"cclass":30,"spacegroup":31,"spacegroupset":32,"a":33,"b":34,"c":35,"alpha":34,"beta":34,"gamma":34,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":36,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":37,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":38,"tlform":11,"hmin":39,"hmax":39,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":40,"vhnmax":41,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":42,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":43,"dmeas2":44,"dcalc":45,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":46,"lustretype":47,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":48,"streak":49,"colour":50,"commentcolor":11,"colors":51,"streak_colors":55,"luminescence":56,"uv":57,"cleavage":58,"cleavagetype":59,"fracturetype":60,"tenacity":61,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":34,"opticalalpha2":34,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":34,"opticalbeta2":34,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":34,"opticalgamma2":34,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":34,"opticalomega2":34,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":34,"opticalepsilon2":34,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":34,"opticaln2":34,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":34,"optical2vcalc2":34,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":34,"optical2vmeasured2":34,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":62,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":63,"opticalanisotropism":64,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":65,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":66,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":67,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":68,"aboutname":69,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":70,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":71,"group_members":72,"associates":99,"confused_with":196,"type_localities":204,"occurrence_total":205,"citations":206,"images":245,"structures":424,"synonyms":435,"language_names":466,"wikidata_qid":511,"texts":512},357,"1:1:357:1","e41fbf5c-6676-4eaa-9994-e326ff50f1de","Native Arsenic","As",0,"mineral",null,29270,10234,false,[8],[8],[8],",Bi,Sb,Fe,Ni,Ag,S,Se,","1.33",[21,22],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","Anci","1","C","A","05","3","Trigonal",13,99,"R-3m ","3.768","0","10.574",6,"Rare on \u003Cmi>{10_14}, Pressure twinning on {01_12}\u003C\u002Fmi>","Granular, massive, concentric layered. Reticulated, reniform, stalagtitic, columnar, acicular. small rhombohedra.",3.5,"72","173",100,"5.63","5.78","5.778","Metallic","Metallic,Sub-Metallic,Dull","Opaque","Grey","Tin-white, tarnishing to dark grey or black.",[52,53,54],"white","gray","black",[53],"None","Not fluorescent in UV","Perfect basal on {0001}, fair on \u003Cmi>{01_14}\u003C\u002Fmi>","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven","brittle","Weak","Anisotropic","Distinct - yellowish brown and light grey to yellowish grey","(56.0, 57.5) 400, (55.1, 56.8) 420, (54.2, 56.2) 440, (53.3, 55.8) 460, (52.7, 55.7) 480, (52.4, 55.7) 500, (52.0, 55.7) 520, (51.7, 55.7) 540, (51.5, 55.6) 560, (51.2, 55.4) 580, (51.0, 55.2) 600, (50.8, 55.0) 620, (50.6, 54.9) 640, (50.5, 54.8) 660, (50.4, 54.7) 680, (50.4, 54.6) 700","Non-Magnetic","Hydrothermal veins.","A metallic, steel-gray to dark-gray, brittle element. Oxidises slowly in air and is then covered with a thin crust of tiny arsenolite crystals.\r\nUsed in bronzing, pyrotechny, insecticides, and poisons, and as a doping agent in transistors. Gallium arse...","Name of early origins from the Greek αρσενικόν (\"arsenikon\"), \"masculine\", alluding to its potent properties. The Oxford English Dictionary lists the first record of the word \"arsenic\" in a 1310 book concerning orpiment \u003Cstrong>de iiij libris de orpiment venditis\u003C\u002Fstrong>, of unknown authorship.","2025-09-23 10:38:51",[],[73,81,90],{"id":74,"name":75,"entrytype":9,"csystem":29,"ima_formula":76,"mindat_formula":76,"hmin":77,"hmax":39,"dmeas":78,"dcalc":79,"primary_image_id":80},262,"Native Antimony","Sb",3,"6.61","6.697",17082,{"id":82,"name":83,"entrytype":9,"csystem":29,"ima_formula":84,"mindat_formula":84,"hmin":85,"hmax":86,"dmeas":87,"dcalc":88,"primary_image_id":89},684,"Native Bismuth","Bi",2,2.5,"9.7","9.753",17098,{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":29,"ima_formula":93,"mindat_formula":94,"hmin":77,"hmax":95,"dmeas":96,"dcalc":97,"primary_image_id":98},3775,"Stibarsen","SbAs","AsSb",4,"5.8","6.307",30751,[100,107,116,123,130,136,143,151,159,167,175,182,189],{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":9,"csystem":103,"ima_formula":8,"mindat_formula":8,"hmin":85,"hmax":85,"dmeas":104,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":106},312,"Arsenolamprite","Orthorhombic","5.3","5.577",2062,{"id":108,"name":109,"entrytype":9,"csystem":110,"ima_formula":111,"mindat_formula":111,"hmin":112,"hmax":112,"dmeas":113,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":115},294,"Arsenolite","Isometric","As\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",1.5,"3.86","3.88",29151,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":103,"ima_formula":119,"mindat_formula":120,"hmin":77,"hmax":77,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":121,"primary_image_id":122},549,"Baryte","Ba(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","BaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.50",2758,{"id":124,"name":125,"entrytype":9,"csystem":29,"ima_formula":126,"mindat_formula":126,"hmin":85,"hmax":86,"dmeas":127,"dcalc":128,"primary_image_id":129},1052,"Cinnabar","HgS","8.176","8.20",5743,{"id":131,"name":132,"entrytype":9,"csystem":29,"ima_formula":133,"mindat_formula":133,"hmin":85,"hmax":85,"dmeas":134,"dcalc":135,"primary_image_id":11},1368,"Ellisite","Tl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>AsS\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","7.10","7.18",{"id":137,"name":138,"entrytype":9,"csystem":110,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":139,"hmin":86,"hmax":86,"dmeas":140,"dcalc":141,"primary_image_id":142},1641,"Galena","PbS","7.60","7.57",9582,{"id":144,"name":145,"entrytype":9,"csystem":146,"ima_formula":147,"mindat_formula":147,"hmin":39,"hmax":39,"dmeas":148,"dcalc":149,"primary_image_id":150},2265,"Koutekite","Hexagonal","Cu\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>As\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","8.48","8.437",13608,{"id":152,"name":153,"entrytype":9,"csystem":154,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":112,"hmax":85,"dmeas":156,"dcalc":157,"primary_image_id":158},3021,"Orpiment","Monoclinic","As\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.49","3.48",30395,{"id":160,"name":161,"entrytype":9,"csystem":110,"ima_formula":162,"mindat_formula":162,"hmin":36,"hmax":163,"dmeas":164,"dcalc":165,"primary_image_id":166},3314,"Pyrite","FeS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"4.8","5.01",20239,{"id":168,"name":169,"entrytype":9,"csystem":154,"ima_formula":170,"mindat_formula":171,"hmin":112,"hmax":85,"dmeas":172,"dcalc":173,"primary_image_id":174},3375,"Realgar","AsS","As\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.56","3.59",30593,{"id":176,"name":177,"entrytype":9,"csystem":110,"ima_formula":178,"mindat_formula":178,"hmin":39,"hmax":95,"dmeas":179,"dcalc":180,"primary_image_id":181},3727,"Sphalerite","ZnS","3.9","4.096",66200,{"id":183,"name":184,"entrytype":9,"csystem":103,"ima_formula":185,"mindat_formula":185,"hmin":85,"hmax":85,"dmeas":186,"dcalc":187,"primary_image_id":188},3782,"Stibnite","Sb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.63","4.625",18319,{"id":190,"name":191,"entrytype":9,"csystem":154,"ima_formula":192,"mindat_formula":192,"hmin":85,"hmax":77,"dmeas":193,"dcalc":194,"primary_image_id":195},4330,"Xanthoconite","Ag\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>AsS\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.54","5.53",31002,[197,198],{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":9,"csystem":103,"ima_formula":8,"mindat_formula":8,"hmin":85,"hmax":85,"dmeas":104,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":106},{"id":199,"name":200,"entrytype":9,"csystem":103,"ima_formula":8,"mindat_formula":201,"hmin":85,"hmax":86,"dmeas":202,"dcalc":203,"primary_image_id":11},10994,"Pararsenolamprite","(As,Sb)","5.88","5.99",[],383,[207,210,214,219,223,228,232,237,241],{"id":208,"year":11,"html":209,"doi":11},17713868,"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAllotropes_of_arsenic",{"id":211,"year":212,"html":213,"doi":11},16101419,1789,"Hoffmann, C.A.S.  (1789) Mineralsystem des Herrn Inspektor Werners mit dessen Erlaubnis herausgegeben von C.A.S. Hoffmann. \u003Ci> Bergmännisches Journal\u003C\u002Fi>,  2 (1) 369-398",{"id":215,"year":216,"html":217,"doi":218},7953867,1931,"Broderick, S. J., Ehret, W. F. (1931) An X-Ray Study of the Alloys of Silver with Bismuth, Antimony and Arsenic. II. \u003Ci>The Journal of Physical Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>, 35 (11). 3322-3329 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fj150329a017'>doi:10.1021\u002Fj150329a017\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fj150329a017",{"id":220,"year":221,"html":222,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":224,"year":225,"html":226,"doi":227},16596174,1969,"Ramdohr, Paul (1969) \u003Ci>The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths\u003C\u002Fi>. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x",{"id":229,"year":225,"html":230,"doi":231},461963,"Schiferl, D., Barrett, C. S. (1969) The crystal structure of arsenic at 4.2, 78 and 299°K. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Crystallography\u003C\u002Fi>,  2 (1) 30-36 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0021889869006443'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0021889869006443\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0021889869006443",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":236},18448102,1972,"Clark, Alan H. (1972) Mineralogy of the Alacrán deposit, Pampa Larga, Chile. VI. Antimonian arsenic alloys. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte\u003C\u002Fi>,  1972 (10). 447-454 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fnjmm\u002F1972\u002F1972\u002F447'>doi:10.1127\u002Fnjmm\u002F1972\u002F1972\u002F447\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fnjmm\u002F1972\u002F1972\u002F447",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":11},16771789,1990,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (1990) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},16962980,2005,"(2005) Arsenic. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Farsenic.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",[246,256,266,274,283,291,299,309,317,325,330,338,346,352,359,368,375,383,390,400,409,418],{"id":247,"source_url":248,"license_code":249,"credit_html":250,"title":251,"description":252,"author":253,"original_width":254,"original_height":255},17090,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=108381","Public domain","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=108381\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Native arsenic.jpg","Massive native \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">arsenic\u003C\u002Fa> with \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" title=\"Quartz\">quartz\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Calcite\">calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, from Ste. Marie-aux-mines, \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlsace\" title=\"Alsace\">Alsace\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFrance\" title=\"France\">France\u003C\u002Fa>. Photo taken at the \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fw\u002Findex.php?title=Natural_History_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Natural History Museum (page does not exist)\">Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLondon\" title=\"London\">London\u003C\u002Fa>.","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang)",637,585,{"id":257,"source_url":258,"license_code":259,"credit_html":260,"title":261,"description":262,"author":263,"original_width":264,"original_height":265},69219,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1743637","CC BY-SA 3.0","The original uploader was Tomihahndorf at German Wikipedia., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1743637\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsen 1.jpg",";Description: \u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Arsenic_(minerals)\" title=\"Category:Arsenic (minerals)\">Elemental arsenic\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fb> — mineral specimen.","The original uploader was Tomihahndorf at German Wikipedia.",297,500,{"id":267,"source_url":268,"license_code":259,"credit_html":269,"title":270,"description":262,"author":271,"original_width":272,"original_height":273},69220,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8758147","Arsen_1.jpg: Original uploader was Tomihahndorf at de.wikipedia derivative work: Materialscientist (talk), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8758147\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsen 1a.jpg","Arsen_1.jpg: Original uploader was Tomihahndorf at de.wikipedia derivative work: Materialscientist (talk)",445,255,{"id":275,"source_url":276,"license_code":259,"credit_html":277,"title":278,"description":279,"author":280,"original_width":281,"original_height":282},17093,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10133207","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10133207\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenic-49055.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArsenic\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arsenic\">Arsenic\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Akadani mine (Akatani mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFukui_Prefecture\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fukui Prefecture\">Fukui Prefecture\u003C\u002Fa>, Chubu Region, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHonsh%C5%AB\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Honshū\">Honshu Island\u003C\u002Fa>, Japan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2180.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine radial cluster of modified cubic crystals that is classic for this locality, which may very well be the world’s foremost location for Arsenic crystals. 1.4 x 1.3 x 1.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",712,800,{"id":284,"source_url":285,"license_code":259,"credit_html":286,"title":287,"description":288,"author":280,"original_width":289,"original_height":290},17096,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420298","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420298\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenic-4jg33a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArsenic\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arsenic\">Arsenic\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ronna Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKladno\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kladno\">Kladno\u003C\u002Fa>, Central Bohemia Region, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBohemia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bohemia\">Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)\u003C\u002Fa>, Czech Republic (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-18510.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.2 x 3.2 x 3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Native Arsenic CRYSTALS\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Native arsenic is itself rare, but to have crystals of it makes this a true find. These very rare mm-size crystals have remarkably good form, luster, and a sort of steely-gray color. This is an important piece, for a native elements suite! It comes from Josef Vajdak, one of the recognized experts on the exceptionally interesting mineralogy of Kladno 4.2 x 3.2 x 3 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",761,692,{"id":292,"source_url":293,"license_code":259,"credit_html":294,"title":295,"description":296,"author":280,"original_width":297,"original_height":298},17097,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10443173","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10443173\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenic-3d5c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArsenic\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arsenic\">Arsenic\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: St Andreasberg, St Andreasberg District, Harz Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLower_Saxony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lower Saxony\">Lower Saxony\u003C\u002Fa>, Germany (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1812.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.1 x 1.7 x 1.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Native Arsenic\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen is composed of many sharp lustrous Arsenic crystals 1 or 2 mm in size, intergrown but clearly visible on matrix. Both the luster and sharpness are actually superior to the Arsenic of more famous localities around the world.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,381,{"id":300,"source_url":301,"license_code":302,"credit_html":303,"title":304,"description":305,"author":306,"original_width":307,"original_height":308},69228,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113748574","CC BY-SA 4.0","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113748574\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 492 - Arsenic (Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, Bas-Rhin, France).jpg","Arsenic, en provenance de Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Bas-Rhin, France), au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",2296,1964,{"id":310,"source_url":311,"license_code":302,"credit_html":312,"title":313,"description":314,"author":306,"original_width":315,"original_height":316},69229,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113748578","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113748578\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 491 - Arsenic (Allemont, Isère).jpg","Arsenic, en provenance de Allemont (Isère, France), au Muséum de Nantes",3372,2236,{"id":318,"source_url":319,"license_code":249,"credit_html":320,"title":321,"description":322,"author":323,"original_width":324,"original_height":324},17091,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955914","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955914\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenic 2 native element w stibnite and quartz Bau Sarawak 2034.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",700,{"id":326,"source_url":327,"license_code":249,"credit_html":328,"title":329,"description":322,"author":323,"original_width":324,"original_height":324},17092,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955915","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955915\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenic native element w stibnite and quartz Bau Sarawak 2033.jpg",{"id":331,"source_url":332,"license_code":259,"credit_html":333,"title":334,"description":335,"author":280,"original_width":336,"original_height":337},17094,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135054","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135054\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Silver-Arsenic-53830.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver\">Silver\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArsenic\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arsenic\">Arsenic\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FP%C3%B6hla\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pöhla\">Pöhla\u003C\u002Fa>, Schwarzenberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErzgebirge\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erzgebirge\">Erzgebirge\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaxony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saxony\">Saxony\u003C\u002Fa>, Germany (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-32452.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This mine is most noted for its golden spears of barite. However this is an incredible specimen of dendritic silver which has formed on and in massive arsenic ore. The preferred viewing side has one heavy, spray of silver that extends obliquely across the matrix.Ths area of heavier silver is more than 5 cm in length. Simply amazing and rare in this quality on the market! 6 x 4 x 2.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",650,514,{"id":339,"source_url":340,"license_code":259,"credit_html":341,"title":342,"description":343,"author":280,"original_width":344,"original_height":345},17095,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154790","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154790\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Silver-Arsenic-188410.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver\">Silver\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArsenic\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arsenic\">Arsenic\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FP%C3%B6hla\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pöhla\">Pöhla\u003C\u002Fa>, Schwarzenberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErzgebirge\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erzgebirge\">Erzgebirge\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaxony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saxony\">Saxony\u003C\u002Fa>, Germany (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-32452.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 16.1 x 11.0 x 6.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The Pohla silvers are known for their extremely photogenic herringbone-like crystallization (dendritic growth), which you see here in all its intricate beauty. The silver is embedded in and flowering out from massive matrix of silver and arsenic ore. To emphasize the size of this 6-inch-tall specimen, it weighs in at 4 pounds of solid silver and arsenic ore. Ex. Victor Yount dealer stock.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",413,750,{"id":347,"source_url":348,"license_code":249,"credit_html":349,"title":350,"description":351,"author":323,"original_width":324,"original_height":324},1967,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955917","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955917\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenolite w- stibnite Arsenic oxide WHite Caps Mine Manhattan Nye County Nevada 2099.jpg","\u003Cp>Arsenolite with stibnite\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Minerals_of_Manhattan_District\" title=\"Category:Minerals of Manhattan District\">Mineral of the Manhattan District\u003C\u002Fa>, White Caps Mine, Nevada.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nThese mineral images are free to use how you wish.",{"id":353,"source_url":354,"license_code":259,"credit_html":355,"title":356,"description":357,"author":280,"original_width":282,"original_height":358},7550,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432313","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432313\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenic-Dyscrasite-sea22c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArsenic\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arsenic\">Arsenic\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDyscrasite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Dyscrasite\">Dyscrasite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Schneeberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErzgebirge\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erzgebirge\">Erzgebirge\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaxony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saxony\">Saxony\u003C\u002Fa>, Germany (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1848.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.1 x 2.3 x 1.8 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Dyscrasite on Arsenic\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Brilliant, silvery-metallic microcrystals of dyscrasite atop a ridge of native arsenic ore. Beautiful under a scope. He purchased this from Walt Lidstrom in 1974. Ex. John White Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",759,{"id":360,"source_url":361,"license_code":259,"credit_html":362,"title":363,"description":364,"author":365,"original_width":366,"original_height":367},14097,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33710275","Ji-Elle, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33710275\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lautite dans arsenic natif-Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines-Université de Strasbourg.jpg","Lautite dans arsenic natif. Gabe Gottes, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. Musée de minéralogie de l'université de Strasbourg","Ji-Elle",4320,3240,{"id":369,"source_url":370,"license_code":259,"credit_html":371,"title":372,"description":373,"author":280,"original_width":374,"original_height":297},16435,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176750","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176750\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mohawkite-210766.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMohawkite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mohawkite\">Mohawkite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mohawk Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMohawk\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mohawk\">Mohawk\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKeweenaw_County,_Michigan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Keweenaw County, Michigan\">Keweenaw County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMichigan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Michigan\">Michigan\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3851.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.9 x 2.8 x 2.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Mohawkite, a rare compound of copper and arsenic, is found only one place in the world - in the Mohawk-Ahmeek area of Keweenaw County in Michigan. This 3-ounce nugget has been polished to show its pretty silvery tone with a hint of gold. From an old stash, which was mined in the 1950s. It had been sitting in a garage for a long, long time.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,{"id":376,"source_url":377,"license_code":259,"credit_html":378,"title":379,"description":380,"author":280,"original_width":381,"original_height":382},20333,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140258","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140258\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pyrostilpnite-Proustite-Arsenic-120757.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPyrostilpnite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pyrostilpnite\">Pyrostilpnite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProustite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Proustite\">Proustite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArsenic\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arsenic\">Arsenic\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FP%C5%99%C3%ADbram\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Příbram\">Příbram\u003C\u002Fa>, Central Bohemia Region, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBohemia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bohemia\">Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)\u003C\u002Fa>, Czech Republic (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-779.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.3 x 4.3 x 2.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An excellent and showy Pribram reference specimen from the collection of the well-known Pribram specialist, Josef Vajdak. A 1 mm, gemmy, light red pyrostilpnite crystal, a rare sulfosalt, is nestled in a vug with lustrous, dark cherry-red, micro proustite crystals in a native arsenic matrix. The paper arrow shows the way to the vug. Ex. Petr Ondrus and Josef Vajdak Collections.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",550,314,{"id":384,"source_url":385,"license_code":259,"credit_html":386,"title":387,"description":380,"author":280,"original_width":388,"original_height":389},20334,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140259","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140259\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pyrostilpnite-Proustite-Arsenic-120758.jpg",345,242,{"id":391,"source_url":392,"license_code":393,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},24685,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=107310213","CC BY 4.0","Kasatkin, A.V., Makovicky, E., Plášil, J., Škoda, R., Agakhanov, A.A, Karpenko, V.Y. and Nestola, F., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=107310213\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tsygankoite, Alabandite, Arsenic, Orpiment, Calcite, Dolomite.png","Black elongated grain of tsygankoite with metallic lustre and alabandite (in the center) in white dolomite-calcite matrix along with orpiment (yellow) and native arsenic (black rounded grain on the right). This grain of tsygankoite was extracted from the polished section and used for the structure data collection. Image obtained from: Kasatkin, A.V., Makovicky, E., Plášil, J., Škoda, R., Agakhanov, A.A, Karpenko, V.Y. and Nestola, F. (2018) Tsygankoite, Mn8Tl8Hg2(Sb21Pb2Tl)S24S48, a New Sulfosalt from the Vorontsovskoe Gold Deposit, Northern Urals, Russia. Minerals: 8(5): 218; doi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin8050218 The article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (CC BY 4.0).","Kasatkin, A.V., Makovicky, E., Plášil, J., Škoda, R., Agakhanov, A.A, Karpenko, V.Y. and Nestola, F.",1246,933,{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":259,"credit_html":403,"title":404,"description":405,"author":406,"original_width":407,"original_height":408},28670,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15481124","W. Oelen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15481124\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenic sulfide As4S4 3grams.jpg","3 grams of tetraarsenic tetrasulfide, also known as realgar","W. Oelen",768,1024,{"id":410,"source_url":411,"license_code":259,"credit_html":412,"title":413,"description":414,"author":415,"original_width":416,"original_height":417},28671,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18547773","Егор Осин, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18547773\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenic sulfide.jpg","Arsenic trisulfide","Егор Осин",976,1082,{"id":419,"source_url":420,"license_code":259,"credit_html":421,"title":422,"description":423,"author":365,"original_width":367,"original_height":366},64907,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33683851","Ji-Elle, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33683851\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Löllingite sur arsenic-Gabe Gottes-Université de Strasbourg.jpg","Löllingite sur arsenic. Gabe Gottes, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. Université de Strasbourg",[425,430],{"id":426,"url":427,"label":428,"formula":8,"spacegroup":429,"year":225},1002,"\u002Fcif\u002F1002.cif","Schiferl 1969","R -3 m",{"id":431,"url":432,"label":433,"formula":8,"spacegroup":429,"year":434},1005,"\u002Fcif\u002F1005.cif","Wyckoff 1963",1963,[436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,461,462,463,464,465],"Arsanaic","Arseen","Arseeni","Arsen","Arsenas","Arsénico","Arsenico","Arsenicu","Arsènicu","Arsenicum","Arsenig","Arsenik","Arseniko","Arsênio","Arseno","Arsēns","Arsiniku","Arsnick","Artseniko","Arzén","Arzen","Asen","Asenia","Asenik","Löffelkobalt","Margimush","Scherbenkobalt","Αρσενικό","ஆர்சனிக்","ആര്‍സെനിക്",[467,471,475,479,483,487,493,497,501,506],{"lang":468,"names":469},"ca",[470],"arsènic natiu",{"lang":472,"names":473},"de",[474],"Arsen, gediegen",{"lang":476,"names":477},"es",[478],"Arsénico nativo",{"lang":480,"names":481},"fr",[482],"Arsenic natif",{"lang":484,"names":485},"it",[486],"arsenico nativo",{"lang":488,"names":489},"ja",[490,491,492],"自然ヒ素","自然砒","自然砒素",{"lang":494,"names":495},"nl",[496],"arsenic",{"lang":498,"names":499},"pl",[500],"Arsen rodzimy",{"lang":502,"names":503},"ru",[504,505],"мышьяк самородный","Самородный мышьяк",{"lang":507,"names":508},"uk",[509,510],"арсен самородний","самородний арсен","Q1056657",{"history":513,"applications":517},{"markdown":514,"model_version":515,"prompt_version":516,"reviewed_at":11},"The name carries an old insult. It comes through Greek as *arsenikon*, a word that meant **masculine** or virile, chosen to flag the mineral's potent nature[1]. The Greek term itself traces back through Arabic *al-zarnīḵ*, \"the orpiment\", and ultimately to a Persian root for **gold** — orpiment being a golden-yellow arsenic mineral[2]. The earliest written record of the English word sits in a 1310 account of orpiment sold by the pound, its author unknown[3].\n\nLong before chemists could isolate the element, people knew its golden and red sulfides — orpiment and realgar — as pigments and as poisons[4]. Around 300 CE the alchemist Zosimos roasted realgar to drive off a \"cloud of arsenic\", arsenic trioxide, then reduced that to a grey metal[5]. The Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan described separating arsenic before 815 CE, and Albertus Magnus isolated the element in 1250 by heating arsenic trisulfide with soap[6].\n\n### A poison and a pigment\n\nFew minerals carry a darker human record. Arsenic earned the names *poison of kings* and *king of poisons*, and the *inheritance powder* — a tasteless white powder, arsenic trioxide, used to hurry along wealthy relatives in Renaissance Europe[7].\n\nThe same element gave painters two brilliant greens. Scheele's Green arrived in 1775 and Paris Green in 1814, and both spread through Victorian wallpapers, fabrics, and paints[8]. Victorian women even ate white arsenic mixed with vinegar and chalk to pale their complexions[9].\n\nMedicine reached for it too. Through the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries arsenic compounds treated diseases such as cancer and psoriasis — among them Fowler's solution and the drug arsphenamine developed by Paul Ehrlich[10].\n\nThe native element itself stayed scarce. Crystals of native arsenic do form in nature, but only rarely[11]. One documented source is Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines in eastern France[12].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":518,"model_version":515,"prompt_version":516,"reviewed_at":11},"Almost none of the arsenic that industry consumes comes from the native mineral. The metal is rare in its native form. Producers recover it instead as a by-product of smelting other ores — chiefly the iron-arsenic-sulfur mineral arsenopyrite, and the dust left by copper, gold, and lead smelting[1]. Arsenic is in fact the main impurity in the copper concentrates fed to smelters, and most of it is recovered from copper-refinement dust[2]. Everything below draws on that smelter-derived supply, not on crystals of native arsenic.\n\nThe largest single use is alloying with lead[3]. A trace of arsenic stiffens the lead grids inside car batteries, helping them hold their shape[3]. As much as 2% of all arsenic produced goes into the lead alloys used for shot and bullets[4]. Arsenic is also added to brass — a copper-zinc alloy — where it sharply slows dezincification, the corrosion that leaches zinc out and weakens the metal[5].\n\nIn electronics, arsenic combines with gallium to make gallium arsenide, a semiconductor used in integrated circuits[6]. Circuits built from it run much faster than silicon ones, though they cost far more[6]. Because the material has a direct bandgap — it can turn electrical energy straight into light — it also drives laser diodes and light-emitting diodes[6].\n\nA warning runs through all of it. Every form of arsenic is a serious risk to human health, and the element is classed as a group 1 carcinogen, the category for substances known to cause cancer in humans[7]. Native arsenic specimens warrant the same caution: handle them as you would any toxic material, and wash your hands afterward."]