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Crystallizes readily from fusion.","Dissolves in nitric acid; subsequent dilution causes a white precipitate.","In hydrothermal veins with ores of Co, Ni, Ag, and Sn; in pegmatites and topaz-bearing Sn–W quartz veins.","Arsenic Group.\r\n\r\nAlthough long thought to be stable, bismuth, as an element, was shown to be weakly radioactive, with an enormously long half-life period: 1.9 × 1019  years (de Marcillac et al., 2003).","As a chemical element, Bismuth was officially discovered in 1753 by French scientist Claude Geoffroy. The origin of the name comes from the German words \"Weisse Masse\" meaning \"white mass\". However, around 1400 the element name is already present in some scientific treaties. In fact before Geoffroy, also the Swiss scientist Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493 - 1541)  probably better known under his Latinized name of Paracelsus, mentioned the word “Bisemutum”. He said that the Latin word came from a German term, “Wissmut”. For him, the word “wissmut” was because in Saxony, around St. Georges, the mineral was extracted (\"gemutet\"), in the fields (\"in den Wiesen\"). For others, the word comes from another similar German word: \"Weissmuth\" = white material\", and this is supported by the fact that bismuth is a bright metal of white colour.","2025-08-11 12:14:18",[],[74,83,90],{"id":75,"name":76,"entrytype":9,"csystem":30,"ima_formula":77,"mindat_formula":77,"hmin":78,"hmax":79,"dmeas":80,"dcalc":81,"primary_image_id":82},262,"Native Antimony","Sb",3,3.5,"6.61","6.697",17082,{"id":84,"name":85,"entrytype":9,"csystem":30,"ima_formula":86,"mindat_formula":86,"hmin":79,"hmax":79,"dmeas":87,"dcalc":88,"primary_image_id":89},357,"Native 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Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany","Germany",2076,[350,354,358,362,366,371,376,380,384],{"id":351,"year":352,"html":353,"doi":11},16103313,1530,"Agricola, G. (1530) Bisemutum. in Bermannvs Sive De Re Metallica, Froben (Basileae), 75-76.",{"id":355,"year":356,"html":357,"doi":11},16103314,1556,"Agricola, G. (1556) Bismuth. in De Re Metallica, translated by Hoover, H.C. and Hoover, L.H. (1950), Dover (New York), 433-433.",{"id":359,"year":360,"html":361,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":363,"year":364,"html":365,"doi":11},16103317,1954,"Swanson, H.E., Fuyat, R.K., Ugrinic, G.M. (1954) Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns. United States Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Circular 539, 3, 20.",{"id":367,"year":368,"html":369,"doi":370},16596174,1969,"Ramdohr, Paul (1969) \u003Ci>The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths\u003C\u002Fi>. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x",{"id":372,"year":373,"html":374,"doi":375},1126563,1993,"Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In \u003Ci>Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1",{"id":377,"year":378,"html":379,"doi":11},16103316,2003,"de Marcillac, P., Coron, N., Dambier, G., Leblanc, J., Moalic, J.-P. (2003) Experimental detection of α-particles from the radioactive decay of natural bismuth. Nature (Letters): 422: 876-878.",{"id":381,"year":382,"html":383,"doi":11},16963258,2005,"(2005) Bismuth. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbismuth.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":385,"year":386,"html":387,"doi":11},16103319,2022,"Deady, E., Moon, C., Moore, K., Goodenough, K. M., & Shail, R. K. (2022). Bismuth: economic geology and value chains. Ore Geology Reviews, 104722.",[389,398,407,413,423,433,443,452,457,466,471,478,483,492,497,502,507,512,517,522,527,532,537,545,554,564,572,581,587,592,601,610,618,624,631],{"id":390,"source_url":391,"license_code":392,"credit_html":393,"title":394,"description":395,"author":396,"original_width":397,"original_height":397},17098,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955987","Public domain","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955987\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bismuth 3152.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",2048,{"id":399,"source_url":400,"license_code":392,"credit_html":401,"title":402,"description":403,"author":404,"original_width":405,"original_height":406},69270,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=574673","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=574673\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Artificial crystals.jpg","Artificially grown \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuth\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Bismuth\">bismuth\u003C\u002Fa> crystals showing a labyrinthe \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCrystal_habit\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Crystal habit\">crystal habit\u003C\u002Fa> and a iridescent oxidation layer. Photograph taken at the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNatural_History_Museum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Natural History Museum\">Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLondon\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:London\">London\u003C\u002Fa>.","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang)",856,710,{"id":408,"source_url":409,"license_code":392,"credit_html":410,"title":411,"description":395,"author":396,"original_width":412,"original_height":412},17099,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955989","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955989\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bismuth 3153.jpg",1900,{"id":414,"source_url":415,"license_code":416,"credit_html":417,"title":418,"description":419,"author":420,"original_width":421,"original_height":422},69271,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6965087","CC BY-SA 3.0","Alchemist-hp (www.pse-mendelejew.de) + Richard Bartz with focus stack., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6965087\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bi-crystal.jpg","The chemical element bismuth as a synthetic made crystal. The surface is an iridescent very thin layer of oxidation.","Alchemist-hp (www.pse-mendelejew.de) + Richard Bartz with focus stack.",2492,3276,{"id":424,"source_url":425,"license_code":426,"credit_html":427,"title":428,"description":429,"author":430,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},17101,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=148364377","CC BY 4.0","Miguel Calvo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=148364377\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Native bismuth1.jpg","Skeletal crystals of native bismuth in quartz. La Espuela de San Miguel Mine, Villanueva de Córdoba (Córdoba), Spain. Fov 5 cm. Collection and photo Miguel Calvo","Miguel Calvo",6960,4640,{"id":434,"source_url":435,"license_code":436,"credit_html":437,"title":438,"description":439,"author":440,"original_width":441,"original_height":442},17102,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=153647461","CC BY-SA 4.0","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=153647461\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","22371 Wismut 1.jpg","Wismut, gediegen, Yizhang, Prov. Hunan, China. 1308,9 g","J. Patrick Fischer",4624,2604,{"id":444,"source_url":445,"license_code":436,"credit_html":446,"title":447,"description":448,"author":449,"original_width":450,"original_height":451},69274,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=89117625","OEKUL, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=89117625\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bismuth-1.jpg","This is a photo of my bismuth.","OEKUL",3024,4032,{"id":453,"source_url":454,"license_code":436,"credit_html":455,"title":456,"description":439,"author":440,"original_width":441,"original_height":442},17103,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=153647462","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=153647462\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","22371 Wismut 2.jpg",{"id":458,"source_url":459,"license_code":436,"credit_html":460,"title":461,"description":462,"author":463,"original_width":464,"original_height":465},69275,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717364","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717364\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 068 - Bismuth.jpg","Bismuth, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",1460,2228,{"id":467,"source_url":468,"license_code":436,"credit_html":469,"title":470,"description":439,"author":440,"original_width":441,"original_height":442},17104,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=153647463","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=153647463\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","22371 Wismut 3.jpg",{"id":472,"source_url":473,"license_code":436,"credit_html":474,"title":475,"description":462,"author":463,"original_width":476,"original_height":477},69276,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717365","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717365\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 067 - Bismuth.jpg",3144,2248,{"id":479,"source_url":480,"license_code":436,"credit_html":481,"title":482,"description":439,"author":440,"original_width":441,"original_height":442},17105,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=153647465","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=153647465\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","22371 Wismut 4.jpg",{"id":484,"source_url":485,"license_code":436,"credit_html":486,"title":487,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69278,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818071","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818071\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.051 - Santiago.jpg","Cristalización de bismuto en las afueras de Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña, Galicia, España).","Fernando Losada Rodríguez",6000,4000,{"id":493,"source_url":494,"license_code":436,"credit_html":495,"title":496,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69281,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818075","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818075\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.103 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":498,"source_url":499,"license_code":436,"credit_html":500,"title":501,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69282,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818079","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818079\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.106 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":503,"source_url":504,"license_code":436,"credit_html":505,"title":506,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69283,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818080","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818080\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.107 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":508,"source_url":509,"license_code":436,"credit_html":510,"title":511,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69284,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818081","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818081\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.109 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":513,"source_url":514,"license_code":436,"credit_html":515,"title":516,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69285,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818084","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818084\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.112 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":518,"source_url":519,"license_code":436,"credit_html":520,"title":521,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69286,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818085","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818085\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.113 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":523,"source_url":524,"license_code":436,"credit_html":525,"title":526,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69287,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818086","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818086\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.114 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":528,"source_url":529,"license_code":436,"credit_html":530,"title":531,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69288,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818091","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818091\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.108 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":533,"source_url":534,"license_code":436,"credit_html":535,"title":536,"description":488,"author":489,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},69289,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818092","Fernando Losada Rodríguez, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146818092\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristalización de bismuto.117 - Santiago.jpg",{"id":538,"source_url":539,"license_code":426,"credit_html":540,"title":541,"description":542,"author":543,"original_width":544,"original_height":544},69291,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=183332328","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=183332328\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bismuth crystal Créer le cristal n02.jpg","Bismuth crystal, exhibition at the Sorbonne University mineral collection (20 January 2026–2 January 2027).","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",5236,{"id":546,"source_url":547,"license_code":416,"credit_html":548,"title":549,"description":550,"author":551,"original_width":552,"original_height":553},17100,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866494","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866494\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sillenite-Bismuth-107521.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSill%C3%A9nite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sillénite\">Sillénite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuth\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bismuth\">Bismuth\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sauschwart Mine, Neustädtel, Schneeberg District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Greenish yellow Sillénite, surrounding remnant core of unaltered bismuth. Field of view 4 mm. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",703,551,{"id":555,"source_url":556,"license_code":557,"credit_html":558,"title":559,"description":560,"author":561,"original_width":562,"original_height":563},3242,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=30456769","CC BY 3.0","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=30456769\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bieberite, Bismuth-466347.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBieberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bieberite\">Bieberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuth\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bismuth\">Bismuth\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Schlema, Schlema-Hartenstein District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A heavy 4.4 by 2.7 cms mass of mainly grey Bismuth covered by a thin film of pinkish Bieberite from an old classic locality. JSS specimen and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",1024,768,{"id":565,"source_url":566,"license_code":567,"credit_html":568,"title":569,"description":570,"author":571,"original_width":491,"original_height":490},15221,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118204964","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118204964\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bismuthinite with Bismuth, Gold, Arsenopyrite, Marcasite, Quartz, and Cassiterite (33876006478).jpg","\u003Cp>Marcamarami Mine\nSorata, La Paz\nBolivia\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\u003Cli>609\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",{"id":573,"source_url":574,"license_code":575,"credit_html":576,"title":577,"description":578,"author":579,"original_width":580,"original_height":247},17140,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163479867","CC0 1.0","Darla Sondrol, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163479867\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Native bismuth (GeoDIL number - 877).jpg","The gray material in this photo is native bismuth; it is in a calcite matrix. Native bismuth is an ore of the element bismuth, but is rarely found in nature. The beautiful specimens of bismuth commonly sold in rock shops are artificial. They were grown to produce interestingly shaped hopper-like specimens with a colorful metallic luster. This specimen is 5 cm across.","Darla Sondrol",2512,{"id":582,"source_url":583,"license_code":392,"credit_html":584,"title":585,"description":395,"author":396,"original_width":586,"original_height":586},23912,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956258","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956258\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tetradymite 2 w- bismuthinite in quartz Bismuth tellurium sulfide Silver Spoon Mine Darwin District Inyo County California 1823.jpg",800,{"id":588,"source_url":589,"license_code":392,"credit_html":590,"title":591,"description":395,"author":396,"original_width":586,"original_height":586},23913,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956259","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956259\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tetradymite w- bismuthinite in quartz Bismuth tellurium sulfide Silver Spoon Mine Darwin District Inyo County California 1821.jpg",{"id":593,"source_url":594,"license_code":436,"credit_html":595,"title":596,"description":597,"author":598,"original_width":599,"original_height":600},33044,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82999029","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82999029\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 178101 photo (g28 g28-4-1 1 jpg).jpg","\"mineraalid\", \"vismut, ankeriit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91679\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F178101\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",2343,3307,{"id":602,"source_url":603,"license_code":416,"credit_html":604,"title":605,"description":606,"author":607,"original_width":608,"original_height":609},35956,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152596","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152596\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bismuth-Bismuthinite-179856.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuth\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bismuth\">Bismuth\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuthinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bismuthinite\">Bismuthinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Huallatani Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-190423.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.9 x 6.2 x 4.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>From the world’s richest deposit of bismuth, this extremely heavy specimen has mirror bright, metallic silver crystals of the element bismuth. Some are full crystals, I believe, parted along contact planes; although many are partial crystals or fragments, but the piece is extremely rich overall with crystals, to 2 cm in length. Excellent metallic luster. Weighs over 800 grams. There is a hint of iridescence and the faintest hint of lavender. Ex. Martin Zinn Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",516,600,{"id":611,"source_url":612,"license_code":416,"credit_html":613,"title":614,"description":615,"author":607,"original_width":616,"original_height":617},35959,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453583","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453583\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bismuth-Bismuthinite-mrz344d.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuth\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bismuth\">Bismuth\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuthinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bismuthinite\">Bismuthinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Huallatani Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-190423.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.9 x 6.2 x 4.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Bismuth with Bismuthinite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>From the worlds richest deposit of bismuth, this extremely heavy specimen has mirror bright, metallic silver crystals of the element bismuth. Some are full crystals, I believe, parted along contact planes; although many are partial crystals or fragments, but the piece is extremely rich overall with crystals, to 2 cm in length. The lustre is blinding, like metal out of a fabricator. The weight is really shocking...bismuth is HEAVY stuff! This little rock masses over 800 grams, about 2 pounds! There is a hint of iridescence and the faintest hint of lavender.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,335,{"id":619,"source_url":620,"license_code":567,"credit_html":621,"title":622,"description":623,"author":571,"original_width":490,"original_height":491},50895,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118205721","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118205721\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cosalite with Native Bismuth (40945005273).jpg","\u003Cp>Salmo\nBritish Columbia, Canada\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nS-74-1985",{"id":625,"source_url":626,"license_code":416,"credit_html":627,"title":628,"description":629,"author":607,"original_width":630,"original_height":609},70527,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168225","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168225\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nickeline-Bismuth-255133.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNickeline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nickeline\">Nickeline\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuth\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bismuth\">Bismuth\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEisleben\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Eisleben\">Eisleben\u003C\u002Fa>, Mansfeld Basin, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaxony-Anhalt\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saxony-Anhalt\">Saxony-Anhalt\u003C\u002Fa>, Germany (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1801.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.2 x 3.7 x 3.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A striking, wedge-shaped combination specimen of lustrous, beautifully bronzy, massive nickeline in a matrix of botryoidal to massive native bismuth. Very rich, old-time, classic elemental ore from a historic locale - Eisleben, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Weighs 104 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",597,{"id":632,"source_url":633,"license_code":436,"credit_html":634,"title":635,"description":636,"author":637,"original_width":638,"original_height":639},77733,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83014178","Tõnis Saadre, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83014178\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 195911 photo (g286 g286-137 1 jpg).jpg","\"ankeriit\", \"ehe vismut, safloriit ja ankeriit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F93164\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F195911\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Tõnis Saadre",3080,2520,[641,646,651,657,662],{"id":642,"url":643,"label":644,"formula":8,"spacegroup":645,"year":368},1589,"\u002Fcif\u002F1589.cif","Schiferl 1969","R -3 m",{"id":647,"url":648,"label":649,"formula":8,"spacegroup":645,"year":650},1592,"\u002Fcif\u002F1592.cif","Wyckoff 1963",1963,{"id":652,"url":653,"label":654,"formula":8,"spacegroup":655,"year":656},1593,"\u002Fcif\u002F1593.cif","Straumanis 1949","P 63\u002Fm m c",1949,{"id":658,"url":659,"label":660,"formula":8,"spacegroup":655,"year":661},1594,"\u002Fcif\u002F1594.cif","Jette 1935",1935,{"id":663,"url":664,"label":665,"formula":8,"spacegroup":655,"year":666},1595,"\u002Fcif\u002F1595.cif","Davey 1925",1925,[668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690],"Biosmat","Bisemutum","Bismut","Bismût","Bismút","Bismutas","Bismuth","Bismuthi","Bismuto","Bismuts","Bismutu","Bismwth","Bitmut","Bizmut","Bîzmût","Gediegen Wismut","Jinmrbismu","Oktoedrisches Wismuth","Vismut","Vismutti","Wismut","Wismutu","Βισμούθιο",[692,696,700,704,708,711,716,720,724],{"lang":693,"names":694},"ca",[695],"bismut natiu",{"lang":697,"names":698},"de",[670,699,688],"Bismut, gediegen",{"lang":701,"names":702},"es",[703],"bismuto nativo",{"lang":705,"names":706},"fr",[707],"Bismuth natif",{"lang":709,"names":710},"it",[703],{"lang":712,"names":713},"ja",[714,715],"自然ビスマス","自然蒼鉛",{"lang":717,"names":718},"pl",[719],"bizmut rodzimy",{"lang":721,"names":722},"ru",[723],"Самородный висмут",{"lang":725,"names":726},"uk",[727,728],"Бісмут самородний","Самородний бісмут","Q3640449",{"history":731,"applications":735},{"markdown":732,"model_version":733,"prompt_version":734,"reviewed_at":11},"For two centuries after Europeans began handling it, the metal we now call bismuth hid in plain sight. Miners pulled it from the ground and chemists worked with it, yet most took it for a strange form of lead, tin, or antimony. Telling it apart took until the 1700s.\n\nPeople used it long before they understood it. The Incas alloyed bismuth with copper and tin in a special bronze for knives[1].\n\nThe name itself records the old confusion. It likely comes from the early-16th-century German *Wismuth* or *Wissmuth*, perhaps tied to a word meaning \"white\"[2]. The Swiss physician Paracelsus wrote it as *Bisemutum* and traced it to a German term[3]. One reading links the word to the mineral being dug (\"gemutet\") in the fields (\"in den Wiesen\") around St. Georges in Saxony[3]. Another reads it as *Weissmuth* — \"white material\" — a good fit for a bright, silvery-white metal[3]. Alchemists of the period had a more poetic name: *tectum argenti*, \"silver being made\", imagining the metal as silver still forming inside the Earth[4].\n\nThe first clear statement that bismuth was its own metal came from the German scholar Georgius Agricola. In 1546 he placed it in a family of metals alongside tin and lead — a distinct member, not a variant[5].\n\nRecognition as a true chemical element came more slowly. The German chemist Johann Heinrich Pott began the work in 1738[6]. The French chemist Claude Geoffroy settled it in 1753, showing this metal was genuinely distinct from lead and tin[7].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":736,"model_version":733,"prompt_version":734,"reviewed_at":11},"Almost none of the bismuth in modern use comes from native bismuth, the mineral specimen prized by collectors. The mineral is too scarce to mine for the metal. Instead, bismuth is recovered as a byproduct during the processing of lead ores, and from the refining of copper, tin, tungsten, and molybdenum[1].\n\nMedicine is one of its most familiar uses. Bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in \"pink bismuth\" preparations such as Pepto-Bismol, taken to treat diarrhea[2].\\\nPaired with bismuth subcitrate, it also forms part of the treatment for the stomach bacterium that causes peptic ulcers — sores in the stomach lining[2].\n\nA second strength is its low melting point. Bismuth makes fusible alloys that melt at modest heat. Wood's metal — bismuth with lead, tin, and cadmium — triggers automatic sprinkler systems for fires, melting to release the water when a fire raises the temperature[3].\n\nBismuth is also a non-toxic stand-in for lead. Research in the early 1990s tested it as a replacement in ceramic glazes, fishing sinkers, food-processing equipment, free-machining brasses for plumbing, and shot for waterfowl hunting[4]. Today about a third of global bismuth production goes to needs once met by lead[5]. As a dense metal it serves in fishing sinkers and as shot, bullets, and less-lethal riot-gun ammunition[6].\n\nIn cosmetics, bismuth oxychloride is used as a pigment in eye shadows, hair sprays, and nail polishes; its layered crystals refract light into a pearly, iridescent sheen[7].\n\nOne point catches out newcomers: the striking, rainbow-tinted \"hopper\" crystals sold to collectors are virtually unseen in nature. They are grown from high-purity bismuth in the lab[8].\n\nThe metal is a commodity with concentrated supply. China is the leading producer and exporter, and world production runs near 16,000 tonnes a year[9]. The United States imports almost all it uses, with import reliance around 89%[10]."]