[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2358":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":8,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":16,"key_elements":17,"impurities":11,"cim":18,"ima_status":19,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":11,"strunz10ed1":22,"strunz10ed2":23,"strunz10ed3":23,"strunz10ed4":24,"dana8ed1":22,"dana8ed2":22,"dana8ed3":22,"dana8ed4":25,"csystem":26,"cclass":27,"spacegroup":28,"spacegroupset":29,"a":30,"b":29,"c":29,"alpha":29,"beta":29,"gamma":29,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":31,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":32,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":33,"tlform":11,"hmin":34,"hmax":34,"hardtype":35,"vhnmin":29,"vhnmax":29,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":36,"dmeas2":36,"dcalc":37,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":38,"lustretype":38,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":39,"streak":40,"colour":41,"commentcolor":11,"colors":42,"streak_colors":45,"luminescence":46,"uv":11,"cleavage":47,"cleavagetype":48,"fracturetype":49,"tenacity":50,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":29,"opticalalpha2":29,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":29,"opticalbeta2":29,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":29,"opticalgamma2":29,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":29,"opticalomega2":29,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":29,"opticalepsilon2":29,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":29,"opticaln2":29,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":29,"optical2vcalc2":29,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":29,"optical2vmeasured2":29,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":51,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":46,"opticaltropic":52,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":53,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":54,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":55,"aboutname":56,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":57,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":58,"group_members":59,"associates":74,"confused_with":93,"type_localities":94,"occurrence_total":95,"citations":96,"images":115,"structures":595,"synonyms":617,"language_names":665,"wikidata_qid":694,"texts":695},2358,"1:1:2358:6","2162f4f9-e522-4d38-a6ab-8fc25d2bffa4","Native Lead","Pb",0,"mineral",null,470958,3113,false,[8],[8],[8],"1.30",[20,21],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1","A","05","4","Isometric",32,224,"0","4.9506",4,"Herring bone twins at 60 degrees {111}","Commonly as rounded masses and plates up to 60kg. Also wiry and dendritic forms. Octahedral, cubic and dodecahedral crystals up to 6 cm in size are rare.",1.5,3,"11.37","11.341","Metallic","Opaque","grey","Grey, but often coated with white hydrocerussite or related phases",[43,44],"gray","white",[43],"none","none, malleable","None Observed","Hackly","malleable","Non-pleochroic","Isotropic","(68.7) 400,\r\n(69.4) 440,\r\n(69.6) 480,\r\n(69.8) 520,\r\n(69.3) 560,\r\n(69.1) 600,\r\n(69.3) 640,\r\n(69.5) 680,\r\n(69.6) 700","hydrothermal; also in placers, authigenic, replacing tree roots.","Native lead is rare; lead is far more commonly found and mined as the lead sulphide mineral galena. The Romans named the refined metal 'plumbum' and used it for pipes in plumbing. Its major use today is in lead-acid batteries and for radiation shields....","Named plumbum nigrum by Pliny the Elder, but the name was for the chemical element and not a mineral. Native lead was probably first discovered in the Långban District in the late nineteenth century and was named for the chemical element.","2025-08-11 12:14:21",[],[60,69],{"id":61,"name":62,"entrytype":9,"csystem":26,"ima_formula":63,"mindat_formula":63,"hmin":64,"hmax":65,"dmeas":66,"dcalc":67,"primary_image_id":68},107,"Native Aluminium","Al",2,3.5,"2.707","2.697",17075,{"id":70,"name":71,"entrytype":9,"csystem":26,"ima_formula":72,"mindat_formula":72,"hmin":65,"hmax":65,"dmeas":29,"dcalc":29,"primary_image_id":73},2895,"Native Nickel","Ni",69572,[75,83,84],{"id":76,"name":77,"entrytype":9,"csystem":78,"ima_formula":79,"mindat_formula":79,"hmin":65,"hmax":65,"dmeas":80,"dcalc":81,"primary_image_id":82},1969,"Hydrocerussite","Trigonal","Pb\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","6.8","6.94",11820,{"id":61,"name":62,"entrytype":9,"csystem":26,"ima_formula":63,"mindat_formula":63,"hmin":64,"hmax":65,"dmeas":66,"dcalc":67,"primary_image_id":68},{"id":85,"name":86,"entrytype":9,"csystem":78,"ima_formula":87,"mindat_formula":88,"hmin":89,"hmax":35,"dmeas":90,"dcalc":91,"primary_image_id":92},3317,"Pyrochroite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mn(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",2.5,"3.23","3.25",30550,[],[],200,[97,101,106,110],{"id":98,"year":99,"html":100,"doi":11},16114947,1944,"Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 102-103.",{"id":102,"year":103,"html":104,"doi":105},444470,1991,"Damman, Arend H., Lustenhouwer, Willem (1991) Native lead and tin from the Gåsborn area, Filipstad, Sweden. \u003Ci>Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar\u003C\u002Fi>,  113 (1) 35-37 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F11035899109453801'>doi:10.1080\u002F11035899109453801\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1080\u002F11035899109453801",{"id":107,"year":108,"html":109,"doi":11},16965537,2005,"(2005) Lead. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Flead.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":111,"year":112,"html":113,"doi":114},353054,2009,"Dekov, Vesselin M., Hålenius, Ulf, Billström, Kjell, Kamenov, George D., Munnik, Frans, Eriksson, Lars, Dyer, Alan, Schmidt, Mark, Botz, Reiner (2009) Native Sn–Pb droplets in a zeolitic amygdale (Isle of Mull, Inner Hebrides) \u003Ci>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  73 (10) 2907-2919 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2009.02.017'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2009.02.017\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2009.02.017",[116,126,134,141,149,159,166,176,181,187,195,204,213,222,232,239,247,254,259,264,272,277,283,289,297,304,310,315,324,333,342,352,361,370,379,387,394,402,410,417,425,433,439,446,452,458,465,472,478,483,490,497,504,510,516,523,531,539,545,550,557,565,571,579,587],{"id":117,"source_url":118,"license_code":119,"credit_html":120,"title":121,"description":122,"author":123,"original_width":124,"original_height":125},17194,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124329","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124329\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead-34330.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FL%C3%A5ngban\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Långban\">Långban\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3167.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a very fine, rare specimen of crystallized native lead. Such specimens are known best from the classic old locality of Langban. It is extremely uncommon to get a specimen with any sense of aesthetics, though. They just usually tend to be lumpy masses of unappealing gray rock, with only a few exceptions - and those usually already in noted museums. This one is about as elegant as you can expect from a native lead, displays nicely, and features crystals to 2 cm that are relatively well-formed. 8 x 3 x 2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",400,600,{"id":127,"source_url":128,"license_code":119,"credit_html":129,"title":130,"description":131,"author":123,"original_width":132,"original_height":133},17195,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151678","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151678\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead-177557.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FL%C3%A5ngban\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Långban\">Långban\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3167.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.1 x 4.4 x 3.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A stocky, robustly crystallized specimen of native lead from the classic old locality for this element in crystal form, Langban.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",713,800,{"id":135,"source_url":136,"license_code":119,"credit_html":137,"title":138,"description":139,"author":123,"original_width":125,"original_height":140},17196,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173525","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173525\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead-288819.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FL%C3%A5ngban\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Långban\">Långban\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3167.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.1 x 3.5 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A great, old classic. This is a dense, heavy (131 grams) specimen of lead which is composed entirely of hoppered growth crystals to 1.0 cm in length. Native lead with well-developed crystals like this is extremely rare and desired by collectors of such oddities. In fact, lead is one of the more difficult of the common & major ore metals to obtain in native crystals; and the best really do come from just a few old mines in Langban and Harstigen, in Sweden. Such pieces mostly date to the 1800s or early 1900s (and this label is mid-1900s). Add to this that the location of the old and famous Langban Mine in Sweden has some value as well, and then this specimen becomes a treasure.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",427,{"id":142,"source_url":143,"license_code":119,"credit_html":144,"title":145,"description":146,"author":123,"original_width":147,"original_height":148},17197,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10443305","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10443305\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead-3d9b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FL%C3%A5ngban\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Långban\">Långban\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3167.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.4 x 1.6 x 1.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Lead\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Nice cluster of well-defined Lead crystals from perhaps the world�s foremost locality for the species. Although there is some dissolution, the crystals have a good luster and even some well-defined crystal faces, which is rare. A very good specimen for what it is.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",399,308,{"id":150,"source_url":151,"license_code":152,"credit_html":153,"title":154,"description":155,"author":156,"original_width":157,"original_height":158},69491,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9084458","CC BY 3.0","Chemical Elements, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9084458\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead-2.jpg","Ultrapure lead bead from two sides. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 2","Chemical Elements",1078,920,{"id":160,"source_url":161,"license_code":119,"credit_html":162,"title":163,"description":164,"author":123,"original_width":124,"original_height":165},17198,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464716","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464716\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead-t06-311b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FL%C3%A5ngban\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Långban\">Långban\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3167.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.3 x 5 x 4.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Native Lead\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Heavy, dark gray, elongated crystals of native lead, to 2.5 cm across, make up this specimen from the venerable old Langban Mine. Native lead specimens are fairly rare in dealer stocks. This is a large piece with very large and easy to see crystals, especially for the price range. It is formerly in the collections of Phil Scalisi and Fred Geyl-Hansen . Mostly likely, it dates back 100 years or more\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",372,{"id":167,"source_url":168,"license_code":169,"credit_html":170,"title":171,"description":172,"author":173,"original_width":174,"original_height":175},17199,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=64550493","CC BY-SA 4.0","Battistini Riccardo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=64550493\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead - Native Lead.jpg","Lead","Battistini Riccardo",960,716,{"id":177,"source_url":178,"license_code":169,"credit_html":179,"title":180,"description":172,"author":173,"original_width":174,"original_height":175},17200,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=64581418","Battistini Riccardo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=64581418\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>",".Lead - Native Lead.jpg",{"id":182,"source_url":183,"license_code":184,"credit_html":185,"title":186,"description":172,"author":173,"original_width":174,"original_height":175},17201,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=64592876","CC0 1.0","Battistini Riccardo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=64592876\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>",".-Lead - Native Lead.jpg",{"id":188,"source_url":189,"license_code":152,"credit_html":190,"title":191,"description":192,"author":193,"original_width":194,"original_height":194},69496,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28869992","Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28869992\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","A piece of lead.jpg","A piece of lead, cut through, is silvery for a short time, before the surface oxidizes. This was the left piece of the previous image, it was cut with a sharp knife, using a hammer.","Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements",780,{"id":196,"source_url":197,"license_code":169,"credit_html":198,"title":199,"description":200,"author":201,"original_width":202,"original_height":203},69498,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97439302","CharlesMJames, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97439302\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead wheel weight and dust.jpg","Middle of the road picture of a lead pollution source in the United States of America","CharlesMJames",3264,1840,{"id":205,"source_url":206,"license_code":169,"credit_html":207,"title":208,"description":209,"author":210,"original_width":211,"original_height":212},69504,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=141312290","Pksois23, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=141312290\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead Trees in a Displacement Reaction.jpg","This image presents a displacement reaction involving a zinc piece submerged in a lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) solution. Zinc displaces the lead within the lead nitrate salt, resulting in zinc nitrate and lead crystal formation. The lead crystals progressively develop from the zinc, generating lead “trees”.\n\u003Cp>Prior to the reaction, sandpaper was employed to eliminate the zinc oxide layer and augment the surface area, promoting an accelerated reaction. This experiment was done with a 0.1 mol\u002FL solution of lead nitrate. This photo was taken approximately 2 hours after the reaction began. No additional adjustments were made.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSONY ILCE-6400, 30mm Macro Lens, 1\u002F6s, f\u002F22, ISO 100.","Pksois23",6000,4000,{"id":214,"source_url":215,"license_code":216,"credit_html":217,"title":218,"description":219,"author":220,"original_width":221,"original_height":221},27258,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956304","Public domain","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956304\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vandendriesschite in Rock Hydrous lead uranium oxide Morogoro District Uluguru Mountains Tanzania 1579.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",640,{"id":223,"source_url":224,"license_code":225,"credit_html":226,"title":227,"description":228,"author":229,"original_width":230,"original_height":231},34680,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022931","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022931\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 1 (17214949526).jpg","\u003Cp>Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist from the Precambrian of South Dakota, USA. (public display, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Museum of Geology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists.  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The rock shown above is a auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist.  The dark greenish-gray material is chamosite chlorite, which makes up the bulk of the rock.  The metallic-lustered areas are the sulfide minerals pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS - imperfect iron monosulfide) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS - iron arsenic sulfide).  Gold in the above specimen mostly occurs as smaller-than-0.5 millimeter-sized masses associated with sulfide minerals and chlorite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: 9 Ledge ore structure in the Ross Pillar area, 3500 Level of the Homestake Mine, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA","James St. John",2514,1628,{"id":233,"source_url":234,"license_code":225,"credit_html":235,"title":236,"description":228,"author":229,"original_width":237,"original_height":238},34681,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022941","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022941\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 6 (17239160152).jpg",3008,2000,{"id":240,"source_url":241,"license_code":225,"credit_html":242,"title":243,"description":244,"author":229,"original_width":245,"original_height":246},67515,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022933","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022933\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 2 (17240910815).jpg","\u003Cp>Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist from the Precambrian of South Dakota, USA. (camera lens cap for scale) (public display, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Museum of Geology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists.  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The rock shown above is a auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist.  The dark greenish-gray material is chamosite chlorite, which makes up the bulk of the rock.  The metallic-lustered areas are the sulfide minerals pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS - imperfect iron monosulfide) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS - iron arsenic sulfide).  Gold in the above specimen mostly occurs as smaller-than-0.5 millimeter-sized masses associated with sulfide minerals and chlorite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: 9 Ledge ore structure in the Ross Pillar area, 3500 Level of the Homestake Mine, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA",2535,1659,{"id":248,"source_url":249,"license_code":225,"credit_html":250,"title":251,"description":228,"author":229,"original_width":252,"original_height":253},67516,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022935","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022935\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 3 (17053357240).jpg",3648,2288,{"id":255,"source_url":256,"license_code":225,"credit_html":257,"title":258,"description":228,"author":229,"original_width":237,"original_height":238},67517,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022936","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022936\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 4 (16618450984).jpg",{"id":260,"source_url":261,"license_code":225,"credit_html":262,"title":263,"description":228,"author":229,"original_width":237,"original_height":238},67518,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022938","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022938\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 5 (17240338841).jpg",{"id":265,"source_url":266,"license_code":225,"credit_html":267,"title":268,"description":269,"author":229,"original_width":270,"original_height":271},67519,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022942","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022942\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous greenschist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 1 (17053527410).jpg","\u003Cp>Auriferous greenschist from the Precambrian of South Dakota, USA. (SDSMT 675, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Museum of Geology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists.  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Homestake Mine, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA",3709,2690,{"id":273,"source_url":274,"license_code":225,"credit_html":275,"title":276,"description":228,"author":229,"original_width":237,"original_height":238},67520,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022944","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022944\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 8 (16618434564).jpg",{"id":278,"source_url":279,"license_code":225,"credit_html":280,"title":281,"description":282,"author":229,"original_width":237,"original_height":238},67523,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87869368","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87869368\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 5.jpg","Auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist from the Precambrian of South Dakota, USA. (public display, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Museum of Geology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA)\n\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists.  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The rock shown above is a auriferous sulfidic chlorite schist.  The dark greenish-gray material is chamosite chlorite, which makes up the bulk of the rock.  The metallic-lustered areas are the sulfide minerals pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS - imperfect iron monosulfide) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS - iron arsenic sulfide).  Gold in the above specimen mostly occurs as smaller-than-0.5 millimeter-sized masses associated with sulfide minerals and chlorite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: 9 Ledge ore structure in the Ross Pillar area, 3500 Level of the Homestake Mine, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA",{"id":284,"source_url":285,"license_code":225,"credit_html":286,"title":287,"description":288,"author":229,"original_width":270,"original_height":271},67528,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=125992821","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=125992821\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Auriferous greenschist (Homestake Formation, Precambrian; Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 1.jpg","Auriferous greenschist from the Precambrian of South Dakota, USA. (SDSMT 675, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Museum of Geology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA)\n\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists.  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Homestake Mine, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA",{"id":290,"source_url":291,"license_code":225,"credit_html":292,"title":293,"description":294,"author":295,"original_width":202,"original_height":296},67915,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26313862","five seventh, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26313862\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead tetroxide.jpg","Pb₃O₄","five seventh",2448,{"id":298,"source_url":299,"license_code":119,"credit_html":300,"title":301,"description":302,"author":123,"original_width":124,"original_height":303},708,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474859","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474859\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Allactite-Lead-vie18c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAllactite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Allactite\">Allactite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FL%C3%A5ngban\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Långban\">Långban\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3167.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4 x 2.6 x 1.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Native Lead with Allactite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a classic, elongated, but unusually sharp lead crysatl with clear faces. It has been left \"dirty\" rather than cleaned to be penny-bright and metallic, because I value the antique look on these. This is technically a single floater crystal, complete all around, but the visual appearance is of a 3 cm crystal on matrixy-lookin' lead at its base. The base also is dotted with sharp allactite crystals to 4 or 5 mm in size.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",313,{"id":305,"source_url":306,"license_code":119,"credit_html":307,"title":308,"description":302,"author":123,"original_width":124,"original_height":309},709,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474861","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474861\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Allactite-Lead-vie18b.jpg",343,{"id":311,"source_url":312,"license_code":216,"credit_html":313,"title":314,"description":219,"author":220,"original_width":133,"original_height":133},903,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955848","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955848\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Altaite in rock Lead Telluride Hilltop Mine Organ Mountains Dona Ana County New Mexico 2261.jpg",{"id":316,"source_url":317,"license_code":318,"credit_html":319,"title":320,"description":321,"author":322,"original_width":323,"original_height":323},6459,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87372573","CC BY 4.0","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87372573\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Crocoite Red Lead MNHN Minéralogie.jpg","Crocoite from Red Lead, Tasmania. Gallery of Mineralogy and Geology of the French National Museum of Natural History in Paris.","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",4500,{"id":325,"source_url":326,"license_code":169,"credit_html":327,"title":328,"description":329,"author":330,"original_width":331,"original_height":332},7499,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=179299457","Ethmostigmus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=179299457\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Dundasite (lead carbonate) on cerussite at Melbourne Museum.jpg","Dundasite (lead carbonate) on cerussite on display at Melbourne Museum in Victoria, Australia. This specimen was sourced from Tui mine near Te Aroha, North Island, Aotearoa New Zealand.","Ethmostigmus",4407,2938,{"id":334,"source_url":335,"license_code":119,"credit_html":336,"title":337,"description":338,"author":339,"original_width":340,"original_height":341},14180,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1801293","BXXXD at German Wikipedia (Original text: BXXXD), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1801293\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Red lead.jpg","Red lead is a mixed valence crystalline compound, containing both lead (2) oxide and lead (4) oxide.","BXXXD at German Wikipedia (Original text: BXXXD)",947,710,{"id":343,"source_url":344,"license_code":345,"credit_html":346,"title":347,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":350,"original_height":351},14183,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=55851075","CC BY-SA 2.0","Sussex Archaeological Society, Liz Wilson, 2005-08-16 13:57:14, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=55851075\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead weight (FindID 104433).jpg","A flat circular weight which is 11.42mm thick with a diameter of 21.99mm. One surface is marked by an etched line crossing most of the diameter.  The other has a rectangular indentation in the centre. Only a small area of the weight is lead grey coloured and the rest is a mixture of cream and ochre. Due to a lack of excavated examples these weights must remain undated.","Sussex Archaeological Society, Liz Wilson, 2005-08-16 13:57:14",964,1108,{"id":353,"source_url":354,"license_code":216,"credit_html":355,"title":356,"description":357,"author":358,"original_width":359,"original_height":360},14187,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=292581","Picture taken August 2005 by User:Walkerma., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=292581\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead dioxide.jpg","A sample of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Flead_dioxide\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:lead dioxide\">lead dioxide\u003C\u002Fa>, PbO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","Picture taken August 2005 by User:Walkerma.",692,598,{"id":362,"source_url":363,"license_code":169,"credit_html":364,"title":365,"description":366,"author":367,"original_width":368,"original_height":369},14190,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=36619653","Leiem, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=36619653\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead(IV) oxide.JPG","​二氧化铅，AR，纯度≥97.0%","Leiem",5152,3864,{"id":371,"source_url":372,"license_code":169,"credit_html":373,"title":374,"description":375,"author":376,"original_width":377,"original_height":378},14191,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=108143132","Vano3333, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=108143132\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead oxide chromate.ვკ.jpg","ტყვიის ოქსიდ ქრომატი","Vano3333",900,740,{"id":380,"source_url":381,"license_code":225,"credit_html":382,"title":383,"description":384,"author":229,"original_width":385,"original_height":386},14768,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87617359","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87617359\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Graphite-pyroxene-scapolite skarn (Lead Hill Mines, Adirondack Mountains, New York State, USA) 1.jpg","Graphite-pyroxene-scapolite skarn from New York State, USA. (4.9 centimeters across at its widest)\n\u003Cp>This is a polymineralic, coaresely-crystalline textured, contact metamorphic rock - a skarn.  It occurs in the contact zone between a limestone and a pegmatitic granite.  Three minerals are present: 1) dark green-colored augite pyroxene; 2) whitish-gray colored meionite scapolite; and 3) silvery-gray graphite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Meionite scapolite is a feldspathoid mineral, Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 - calcium aluminosilicate-carbonate.  It fluoresces a dull red color under ultraviolet light (UV light; black light).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Graphite is carbon (C), which is one of two widespread polymorphs of carbon (the other is diamond).  This rock comes from a graphite mine in New York State - graphite occurs there are relatively rich \"veins\" along the contact metamorphic zone between the limestone and the granite.  The graphite content of the rock shown here is too low to be a graphite ore.  Graphite has a silvery-gray color and streak, a metallic luster, a greasy feel, and a hardness of 1 (it is very soft).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This sample is consistent with the \"pyroxene contact rock with graphite\" of Alling (1917).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Age: Proterozoic ?\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded pit\u002Fworking at Chilson Hill Mines (= Lead Hill Mines), likely from the southern or southeastern sides of Lead Hill (Chilson Hill), north of Chilson Brook, ~2.75 air miles east-southeast of the town of Chilson & ~2.75 air miles west-northwest of the town of Ticonderoga, southeastern Essex County, eastern Adirondack Mountains, northeastern New York State, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Lead Hill Mines references:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Alling (1917) - Lead Hill.  pp. 23-31 in  The Adirondack graphite deposits.  New York State Museum Bulletin 199.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLauf & Pasto (1983) - Graphite from the Lead Hill Mine, Ticonderoga, New York.  Mineralogical Record 14: 25-30.",2546,1899,{"id":388,"source_url":389,"license_code":225,"credit_html":390,"title":391,"description":384,"author":229,"original_width":392,"original_height":393},14769,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87617360","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87617360\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Graphite-pyroxene-scapolite skarn (Lead Hill Mines, Adirondack Mountains, New York State, USA) 2.jpg",3036,2164,{"id":395,"source_url":396,"license_code":225,"credit_html":397,"title":398,"description":399,"author":229,"original_width":400,"original_height":401},14770,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87617361","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87617361\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Graphite-pyroxene-scapolite skarn (Lead Hill Mines, Adirondack Mountains, New York State, USA) 3.jpg","Graphite-pyroxene-scapolite skarn from New York State, USA. (3.4 centimeters across at its foreground widest)\n\u003Cp>This is a polymineralic, coaresely-crystalline textured, contact metamorphic rock - a skarn.  It occurs in the contact zone between a limestone and a pegmatitic granite.  Three minerals are present: 1) dark green-colored augite pyroxene; 2) whitish-gray colored meionite scapolite; and 3) silvery-gray graphite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Meionite scapolite is a feldspathoid mineral, Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 - calcium aluminosilicate-carbonate.  It fluoresces a dull red color under ultraviolet light (UV light; black light).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Graphite is carbon (C), which is one of two widespread polymorphs of carbon (the other is diamond).  This rock comes from a graphite mine in New York State - graphite occurs there are relatively rich \"veins\" along the contact metamorphic zone between the limestone and the granite.  The graphite content of the rock shown here is too low to be a graphite ore.  Graphite has a silvery-gray color and streak, a metallic luster, a greasy feel, and a hardness of 1 (it is very soft).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This sample is consistent with the \"pyroxene contact rock with graphite\" of Alling (1917).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Age: Proterozoic ?\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded pit\u002Fworking at Chilson Hill Mines (= Lead Hill Mines), likely from the southern or southeastern sides of Lead Hill (Chilson Hill), north of Chilson Brook, ~2.75 air miles east-southeast of the town of Chilson & ~2.75 air miles west-northwest of the town of Ticonderoga, southeastern Essex County, eastern Adirondack Mountains, northeastern New York State, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Lead Hill Mines references:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Alling (1917) - Lead Hill.  pp. 23-31 in  The Adirondack graphite deposits.  New York State Museum Bulletin 199.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLauf & Pasto (1983) - Graphite from the Lead Hill Mine, Ticonderoga, New York.  Mineralogical Record 14: 25-30.",2948,2432,{"id":403,"source_url":404,"license_code":119,"credit_html":405,"title":406,"description":407,"author":123,"original_width":408,"original_height":409},16321,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149348","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149348\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Minium-Lead-168740.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinium\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minium\">Minium\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCedar_City,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cedar City, Utah\">Cedar City\u003C\u002Fa>, Iron County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-188300.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.0 x 4.8 x 4.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Minium is a RARE secondary alteration product of lead. This brick-red specimen is SOLID minium, either as microcrystals or in massive form. Sparkly lead microcrystals RICHLY cover one face and are scattered on other faces and in vugs on this rare mineral from a VERY UNCOMMON Utah locality - the iron mines near Cedar City. The iron mines operated from 1851 through the 1980s. Ex. Charles Hansen Collection, a noted California collector. Hefty for the size (lead, of course) at 303 grams or 10.7 ounces.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",500,444,{"id":411,"source_url":412,"license_code":119,"credit_html":413,"title":414,"description":415,"author":123,"original_width":408,"original_height":416},16322,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150341","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150341\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Minium-Lead-172410.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinium\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minium\">Minium\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCedar_City,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cedar City, Utah\">Cedar City\u003C\u002Fa>, Iron County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-188300.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.0 x 4.7 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Minium is a RARE secondary alteration product of lead. This brick-red specimen is SOLID minium, either as microcrystals or in massive form. A very well-placed, 7 mm cluster of lead microcrystals dominates the front of the scupltural matrix and lead microcrystals are scattered on other faces and in vugs on this rare mineral from a VERY UNCOMMON Utah locality - the iron mines near Cedar City. The iron mines operated from 1851 through the 1980s. Ex. Charles Hansen Collection, a noted California collector. Hefty for the size (lead, of course) at 282 grams or 9.9 ounces.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",383,{"id":418,"source_url":419,"license_code":119,"credit_html":420,"title":421,"description":422,"author":123,"original_width":423,"original_height":424},16323,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153737","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153737\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Minium-Lead-182950.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinium\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minium\">Minium\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCedar_City,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cedar City, Utah\">Cedar City\u003C\u002Fa>, Iron County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-188300.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.3 x 5.8 x 4.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Minium is a rare secondary alteration product of lead. This yellowish-green to brick-red specimen is solid minium, either as microcrystals or in massive form. Lead microcrystals, as discrete crystals or as clusters or masses are richly scattered on the 3-dimensional mounded matrix from a very uncommon Utah locality - the iron mines near Cedar City. The largest lead crystal is 2 mm. Ex. Charles Hansen Collection. Hefty for the size (lead, of course) at 427 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",594,538,{"id":426,"source_url":427,"license_code":119,"credit_html":428,"title":429,"description":430,"author":123,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},16324,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159609","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159609\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Minium-Lead-203239.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinium\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minium\">Minium\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCedar_City,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cedar City, Utah\">Cedar City\u003C\u002Fa>, Iron County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-188300.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.5 x 5.0 x 4.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Minium is a rare secondary alteration product of lead. This yellowish-green to orangish to brick-red specimen is solid minium, either as microcrystals or in massive form. Lead microcrystals, as discrete crystals or as clusters or masses are richly scattered on the 3-dimensional mounded matrix on this rare mineral from a very uncommon Utah locality - the iron mines near Cedar City. The largest lead crystal is 5 mm. The iron mines operated from 1851 through the 1980s. Ex Charles Hansen Collection. Hefty for the size (lead, of course) at 450 grams or 15.8 ounces.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",650,543,{"id":434,"source_url":435,"license_code":216,"credit_html":436,"title":437,"description":219,"author":220,"original_width":438,"original_height":438},18273,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956164","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956164\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Osarizawaite Hydrous Lead Copper sulfate Silver Hill Mine Pima County Arizona 1946.jpg",1100,{"id":440,"source_url":441,"license_code":152,"credit_html":442,"title":443,"description":444,"author":193,"original_width":445,"original_height":445},24023,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28869960","Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28869960\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thallium (81 Tl).jpg","Thallium is a metal which is very similar to lead, but is much more toxic and rare than this. Therefore it is used scarcely and only in amounts as small as possible. One application is for special glass. In nature, its toxicity normally is irrelevant, because it naturally only occurs in very low concentrations. But when it is deployed intensively, like it is done where thallium sulfate is used as a rat poison, it causes big environmental damage.",752,{"id":447,"source_url":448,"license_code":216,"credit_html":449,"title":450,"description":219,"author":220,"original_width":451,"original_height":451},28820,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956338","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956338\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Zinkenite 2 w- sphalerite Lead antimony sulfide Fargo mine Stevens County Washington 1971.jpg",700,{"id":453,"source_url":454,"license_code":318,"credit_html":455,"title":172,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":456,"original_height":457},30176,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F113140","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F113140\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":459,"source_url":460,"license_code":318,"credit_html":461,"title":462,"description":463,"author":464,"original_width":133,"original_height":456},31349,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=145369739","Nicola Shreeve, conservator for National Trust, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=145369739\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","ALaRonde̠ OctagonChair Conservation Paint Layers Digital Micropscope NT CCBYSA open.png","Using a digital microscope to reveal historic paint layers. Losses to the post 1850 overpaint layer reveals the original copper-based green (Verdigris) and lead white painted surface beneath. Octagon chair (1312248.6), c.1795, at A la Ronde. Uploaded as part of a National Trust pilot, see \u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWikipedia:GLAM\u002FNational_Trust\u002FPilot_2\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWikipedia:GLAM\u002FNational_Trust\u002FPilot_2\u003C\u002Fa>","Nicola Shreeve, conservator for National Trust",{"id":466,"source_url":467,"license_code":119,"credit_html":468,"title":469,"description":470,"author":123,"original_width":471,"original_height":125},31955,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124330","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124330\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lead-Allactite-34331.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLead\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lead\">Lead\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAllactite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Allactite\">Allactite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FL%C3%A5ngban\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Långban\">Långban\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3167.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a classic, elongated, but unusually sharp lead crysatl with clear faces. It has been left \"dirty\" rather than cleaned to be penny-bright and metallic, because I value the antique look on these. This is technically a single floater crystal, complete all around, but the visual appearance is of a 3 cm crystal on matrixy-lookin' lead at its base. The base also is dotted with sharp allactite crystals to 4 or 5 mm in size. 4 x 2.6 x 1.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",503,{"id":473,"source_url":474,"license_code":119,"credit_html":475,"title":476,"description":302,"author":123,"original_width":477,"original_height":124},31956,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474860","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474860\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Allactite-Lead-vie18d.jpg",239,{"id":479,"source_url":480,"license_code":216,"credit_html":481,"title":482,"description":219,"author":220,"original_width":133,"original_height":133},35207,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955974","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955974\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bayldonite on quartz Hydrous basic lead copper arsenate Brandygill Caldbeck Falls Cumberland England 2053.jpg",{"id":484,"source_url":485,"license_code":119,"credit_html":486,"title":487,"description":488,"author":123,"original_width":408,"original_height":489},38076,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10148869","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10148869\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mimetite-166915.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMimetite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mimetite\">Mimetite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCampylite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Campylite\">Campylite\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Dry Gill Mine, Caldbeck Fells, North and Western Region (Cumberland), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCumbria\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cumbria\">Cumbria\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEngland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:England\">England\u003C\u002Fa>, UK (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1429.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A CLASSIC, OLD-TIME and SUPERB specimen of lustrous, green, \"campylite\" or barrel-shaped mimetite crystals from the famous Dry Gill Mine, Caldbeck Fells, England. The color and lustre of these campylite crystals is off the charts and they reach 1.2 cm. This richness of green is uncommon from the Dry Gill Mine. Primary lead-mining production at Dry Gill was from 1846-1851! Ex. John Ydren Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",351,{"id":491,"source_url":492,"license_code":119,"credit_html":493,"title":494,"description":495,"author":123,"original_width":133,"original_height":496},64023,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10030233","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10030233\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite-169895.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: Plumboan Aragonite)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTsumeb\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tsumeb\">Tsumeb\u003C\u002Fa>, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2428.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.3 x 2.2 x 1.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a magnificent crystal cluster of tarnowitzite, the rare, lead based variety of aragonite. The crystals exhibit pearlescent luster, translucence and an ivory color. The largest crystal measures 2.0 cm in length.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",797,{"id":498,"source_url":499,"license_code":119,"credit_html":500,"title":501,"description":502,"author":123,"original_width":221,"original_height":503},64025,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10109286","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10109286\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite-18558.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: Plumboan Aragonite)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTsumeb\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tsumeb\">Tsumeb\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOshikoto\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Oshikoto\">Oshikoto\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2428.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A stellar example of this lead-rich aragonite species, with exquisite symmetry! 8 x 6 x 6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",548,{"id":505,"source_url":506,"license_code":119,"credit_html":507,"title":508,"description":509,"author":123,"original_width":133,"original_height":496},64036,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457799","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457799\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite-rare08-15b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTsumeb\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tsumeb\">Tsumeb\u003C\u002Fa>, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-43981.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.3 x 2.2 x 1.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Aragonite var. Tarnowitzite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a magnificent crystal cluster of tarnowitzite, the rare, lead based variety of aragonite. The crystals exhibit pearlescent luster, translucence and an ivory color. The largest crystal measures 2.0 cm in length. Without doubt this is a superb competition quality thumbnail.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":511,"source_url":512,"license_code":119,"credit_html":513,"title":514,"description":509,"author":123,"original_width":515,"original_height":133},64037,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457800","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457800\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite-rare08-15a.jpg",763,{"id":517,"source_url":518,"license_code":119,"credit_html":519,"title":520,"description":521,"author":123,"original_width":125,"original_height":522},64094,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10030171","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10030171\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-155851.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTsumeb\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tsumeb\">Tsumeb\u003C\u002Fa>, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2428.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.9 x 5.1 x 4.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Rusty limestone is host to a cluster of intergrown lustrous, ivory colored rhombs of calcite, to 3.0 cm across. Very unusual calcite style, perhaps lead-rich \"plumbocalcite\" though not analyzed. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",435,{"id":524,"source_url":525,"license_code":225,"credit_html":526,"title":527,"description":528,"author":229,"original_width":529,"original_height":530},67508,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=34406553","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=34406553\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Homestake Mine gold ore, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota (3.6 cm acr.) (14736672692).jpg","\u003Cp>Homestake Mine gold ore (~1.25 cm across) - numerous visible gold blebs in high-grade gold ore sample from the Homestake Mine, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nThe Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists (cummingtonite schists).  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.",1193,571,{"id":532,"source_url":533,"license_code":225,"credit_html":534,"title":535,"description":536,"author":229,"original_width":537,"original_height":538},67510,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39952361","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39952361\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gold and quartz (Main Ledge, 3050 Level, Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 4 (16614618403).jpg","\u003Cp>Gold and quartz from the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. (SDSMT 5080, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Museum of Geology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substrance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms.  At present, 118 elements are known (four of them are still unnamed).  Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium).  Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts.  Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process.  Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state as minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Gold (Au) is the most prestigious metal known, but it's not the most valuable.  Gold is the only metal that has a deep, rich, metallic yellow color.  Almost all other metals are silvery-colored.  Gold is very rare in crustal rocks - it averages about 5 ppb (parts per billion).  Where gold has been concentrated, it occurs as wires, dendritic crystals, twisted sheets, octahedral crystals, and variably-shaped nuggets.  It most commonly occurs in hydrothermal quartz veins, disseminated in some contact- & hydrothermal-metamorphic rocks, and in placer deposits.  Placers are concentrations of heavy minerals in stream gravels or in cracks on bedrock-floored streams.  Gold has a high specific gravity (about 19), so it easily accumulates in placer deposits.  Its high density allows prospectors to readily collect placer gold by panning.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In addition to its high density, gold has a high melting point (over 1000º C).  Gold is also relatively soft - about 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs Hardness Scale.  The use of pure gold or high-purity gold in jewelry is not desirable as it easily gets scratched.  The addition of other metals to gold to increase the hardness also alters the unique color of gold.  Gold jewelry made & sold in America doesn’t have the gorgeous rich color of high-purity gold.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists (cummingtonite schists).  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Main Ledge, 3050 Level, Homestake Mine, Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA",3994,2615,{"id":540,"source_url":541,"license_code":225,"credit_html":542,"title":543,"description":536,"author":229,"original_width":212,"original_height":544},67511,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39952362","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39952362\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gold and quartz (Main Ledge, 3050 Level, Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 3 (17234822895).jpg",2399,{"id":546,"source_url":547,"license_code":225,"credit_html":548,"title":549,"description":536,"author":229,"original_width":237,"original_height":238},67512,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39952363","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39952363\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gold and quartz (Main Ledge, 3050 Level, Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 2 (17027399647).jpg",{"id":551,"source_url":552,"license_code":225,"credit_html":553,"title":554,"description":536,"author":229,"original_width":555,"original_height":556},67513,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39952368","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39952368\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gold and quartz (Main Ledge, 3050 Level, Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 5 (17047268430).jpg",3992,2642,{"id":558,"source_url":559,"license_code":225,"credit_html":560,"title":561,"description":562,"author":229,"original_width":563,"original_height":564},67514,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022926","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=40022926\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Homestake Mine gold ore, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota (1.25 cm acr.) (14736970735).jpg","\u003Cp>Homestake Mine gold ore (~3.5 cm across) - numerous visible gold blebs in high-grade gold ore sample from the Homestake Mine, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nThe Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists (cummingtonite schists).  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.",785,690,{"id":566,"source_url":567,"license_code":225,"credit_html":568,"title":569,"description":570,"author":229,"original_width":237,"original_height":238},67524,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87884951","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87884951\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gold and quartz (Main Ledge, 3050 Level, Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 2.jpg","Gold and quartz from the Precambrian of South Dakota, USA. (SDSMT 5080, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Museum of Geology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms.  At present, 118 elements are known (four of them are still unnamed).  Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium).  Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts.  Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process.  Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state as minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Gold (Au) is the most prestigious metal known, but it's not the most valuable.  Gold is the only metal that has a deep, rich, metallic yellow color.  Almost all other metals are silvery-colored.  Gold is very rare in crustal rocks - it averages about 5 ppb (parts per billion).  Where gold has been concentrated, it occurs as wires, dendritic crystals, twisted sheets, octahedral crystals, and variably-shaped nuggets.  It most commonly occurs in hydrothermal quartz veins, disseminated in some contact- & hydrothermal-metamorphic rocks, and in placer deposits.  Placers are concentrations of heavy minerals in stream gravels or in cracks on bedrock-floored streams.  Gold has a high specific gravity (about 19), so it easily accumulates in placer deposits.  Its high density allows prospectors to readily collect placer gold by panning.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In addition to its high density, gold has a high melting point (over 1000º C).  Gold is also relatively soft - about 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs Hardness Scale.  The use of pure gold or high-purity gold in jewelry is not desirable as it easily gets scratched.  The addition of other metals to gold to increase the hardness also alters the unique color of gold.  Gold jewelry made & sold in America doesn’t have the gorgeous rich color of high-purity gold.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists (cummingtonite schists).  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Main Ledge, 3050 Level, Homestake Mine, Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of gold:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=1720",{"id":572,"source_url":573,"license_code":169,"credit_html":574,"title":575,"description":576,"author":330,"original_width":577,"original_height":578},67892,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=179299453","Ethmostigmus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=179299453\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mimetite (lead arsenate) with calcite at Melbourne Museum.jpg","A specimen of mimetite (lead arsenate) with calcite on display at Melbourne Museum in Victoria, Australia. This specimen was sourced from Bilbao Mine in Zacatecas, Mexico.",2850,3800,{"id":580,"source_url":581,"license_code":225,"credit_html":582,"title":583,"description":584,"author":229,"original_width":585,"original_height":586},79610,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=48174609","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=48174609\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Banded massive sulfide (silver-lead-zinc ore) (Sullivan Deposit, Aldridge Formation, Mesoproterozoic, 1470 Ma; Sullivan Mine, se British Columbia, Canada) 2 (14851642219).jpg","\u003Cp>Banded massive sulfide (SEDEX silver-lead-zinc ore) (field of view: ~2.0 cm across) from the Sullivan Deposit with contorted bedding from soft-sediment slumping.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Silvery-gray = argentiferous galena (Pb,Ag)S\nVery dark bands = sphalerite (ZnS)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>British Columbia’s Sullivan Mine targeted a massive sulfide deposit consisting of silver, zinc, and lead ore minerals.  The ore rocks have interesting contorted banding.  This is an unusual example of a sulfide deposit having a sedimentary origin.  The Sullivan Deposit is a SEDEX deposit, which stands for sedimentary exhalative deposit.  It formed by seafloor deposition of silver, zinc, and lead sulfide mineral grains “exhaled” from underwater vents somewhat akin to black smokers.  At the Sullivan Deposit, SEDEX deposition occurred in the collapsed crater of a mud volcano formed by emplacement of regional gabbroic sills into wet, unconsolidated, seafloor sediments that were filling a continental rift basin - a bit of a complex geologic origin.  The folded and contorted bedding seen in the sulfide layers formed by soft-sediment slumping.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy & Age: lower member-middle member boundary of the Aldridge Formation (a turbidite-sill succession), Mesoproterozoic, 1470 Ma.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Sullivan Mine, between Mark Creek and Sullivan Hills, just north-northwest of Kimberley, East Kootenay District, Belt-Purcell Intracratonic Rift, southeastern British Columbia, southwestern Canada (49° 42’ 36” North, 115° 59’ 58” West).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Info. mostly synthesized from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLydon, J.W.  2004.  Genetic models for Sullivan and other SEDEX deposits.  pp. 149-190 in  Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Sulphide Deposits, Attributes and Models of Some Major Deposits in India, Australia and Canada.  Narosa Publishing House.  New Delhi.",624,810,{"id":588,"source_url":589,"license_code":225,"credit_html":590,"title":591,"description":592,"author":229,"original_width":593,"original_height":594},79611,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=48174613","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=48174613\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Banded massive sulfide (silver-lead-zinc ore) (Sullivan Deposit, Aldridge Formation, Mesoproterozoic, 1470 Ma; Sullivan Mine, se British Columbia, Canada) 4 (14851820647).jpg","\u003Cp>Banded massive sulfide (SEDEX silver-lead-zinc ore) (field of view: ~2.3 cm across) from the Sullivan Deposit with contorted bedding from soft-sediment slumping.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Very dark gray = argentiferous galena (Pb,Ag)S\nDark grayish brown bands = sphalerite (ZnS)\nDull brassy wisps = pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>British Columbia’s Sullivan Mine targeted a massive sulfide deposit consisting of silver, zinc, and lead ore minerals.  The ore rocks have interesting contorted banding.  This is an unusual example of a sulfide deposit having a sedimentary origin.  The Sullivan Deposit is a SEDEX deposit, which stands for sedimentary exhalative deposit.  It formed by seafloor deposition of silver, zinc, and lead sulfide mineral grains “exhaled” from underwater vents somewhat akin to black smokers.  At the Sullivan Deposit, SEDEX deposition occurred in the collapsed crater of a mud volcano formed by emplacement of regional gabbroic sills into wet, unconsolidated, seafloor sediments that were filling a continental rift basin - a bit of a complex geologic origin.  The folded and contorted bedding seen in the sulfide layers formed by soft-sediment slumping.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy & Age: lower member-middle member boundary of the Aldridge Formation (a turbidite-sill succession), Mesoproterozoic, 1470 Ma.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Sullivan Mine, between Mark Creek and Sullivan Hills, just north-northwest of Kimberley, East Kootenay District, Belt-Purcell Intracratonic Rift, southeastern British Columbia, southwestern Canada (49° 42’ 36” North, 115° 59’ 58” West).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Info. mostly synthesized from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLydon, J.W.  2004.  Genetic models for Sullivan and other SEDEX deposits.  pp. 149-190 in  Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Sulphide Deposits, Attributes and Models of Some Major Deposits in India, Australia and Canada.  Narosa Publishing House.  New Delhi.",823,782,[596,602,607,612],{"id":597,"url":598,"label":599,"formula":8,"spacegroup":600,"year":601},7560,"\u002Fcif\u002F7560.cif","Wyckoff 1963","F m 3 m",1963,{"id":603,"url":604,"label":605,"formula":8,"spacegroup":600,"year":606},7561,"\u002Fcif\u002F7561.cif","Straumanis 1949",1949,{"id":608,"url":609,"label":610,"formula":8,"spacegroup":600,"year":611},7562,"\u002Fcif\u002F7562.cif","Owen 1933",1933,{"id":613,"url":614,"label":615,"formula":8,"spacegroup":600,"year":616},7563,"\u002Fcif\u002F7563.cif","Davey 1925",1925,[618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,172,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664],"Aabam","Berun","Bläi","Blei","Blëij","Blie","Blý","Chì","Chiummu","Chumbo","Cnisa","Gediegen Blei","Gedigent Bly","Kurşun","Leid","Load","Lood","Luaidhe","Lyijy","Matā","Ólom","Olovo","Ołów","Piombo","Piombu","Plii","Plom","Plomb","Plombo","Plomo","Plomp","Plon","Plumb","Plumbo","Plumbum","Plwm","Qurğuşun","Risasi","Sirb","Švinas","Svinec","Svins","Temētztli","Timbal","Titi","Μόλυβδος","సీసము",[666,670,674,678,682,686,690],{"lang":667,"names":668},"ca",[669],"plom natiu",{"lang":671,"names":672},"de",[673],"Blei, gediegen",{"lang":675,"names":676},"fr",[677],"plomb natif",{"lang":679,"names":680},"hu",[681],"Termésólom",{"lang":683,"names":684},"it",[685],"piombo nativo",{"lang":687,"names":688},"pl",[689],"ołów rodzimy",{"lang":691,"names":692},"uk",[693],"Свинець самородний","Q1318488",{"history":11,"applications":11}]