[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3483":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":17,"key_elements":18,"impurities":19,"cim":11,"ima_status":20,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":22,"discovery_year":23,"strunz10ed1":24,"strunz10ed2":25,"strunz10ed3":26,"strunz10ed4":27,"dana8ed1":24,"dana8ed2":28,"dana8ed3":28,"dana8ed4":28,"csystem":29,"cclass":30,"spacegroup":31,"spacegroupset":32,"a":33,"b":34,"c":35,"alpha":34,"beta":34,"gamma":34,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":36,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":37,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":38,"hmin":39,"hmax":39,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":40,"vhnmax":41,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":42,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":34,"dmeas2":34,"dcalc":43,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":44,"lustretype":44,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":45,"streak":11,"colour":46,"commentcolor":11,"colors":47,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":34,"opticalalpha2":34,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":34,"opticalbeta2":34,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":34,"opticalgamma2":34,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":34,"opticalomega2":34,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":34,"opticalepsilon2":34,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":34,"opticaln2":34,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":34,"optical2vcalc2":34,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":34,"optical2vmeasured2":34,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":50,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":51,"opticalanisotropism":52,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":53,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":54,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":55,"description_short":56,"aboutname":57,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":58,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":59,"group_members":60,"associates":61,"confused_with":62,"type_localities":63,"occurrence_total":68,"citations":69,"images":115,"structures":174,"synonyms":186,"language_names":214,"wikidata_qid":243,"texts":244},3483,"1:1:3483:4","f72558d9-70fd-410a-ad75-5eb4dcb0d6db","Native Ruthenium","Ru",0,"mineral",null,396,false,"(Ru,Ir)",[16,8],"Ir",[8],[8],",Ir,Pt,Rh,Os,Pd,Fe,Ni,Cu,",[21],"APPROVED",1974,"1974","1","A","F","05","2","Hexagonal",20,126,"P63\u002Fmmc ","2.7058","0","4.2819",2,"synthetic","A single tabular crystal reaching 35 x 7 microns in polished section, partly included in platy rutheniridosmium, both in a native platinum grain.",6.5,"841","907",100,"12.438","Metallic","Opaque","Silver-white",[48,49],"white","gray","White with pale creamy tint","Anisotropic","weak","(68.8) 400\r\n(69.1) 420,\r\n(69.5) 440,\r\n(69.95) 460,\r\n(70.2) 470,\r\n(70.3) 480,\r\n(70.6) 500,\r\n(70.7) 520,\r\n(70.5) 540,\r\n(70.4) 546,\r\n(70.1) 560,\r\n(69.5) 580,\r\n(69.15) 589,\r\n(68.75) 600,\r\n(67.9) 620,\r\n(67.0) 640,\r\n(66.5) 650,\r\n(66.0) 660,\r\n(65.25) 680","Ultrabasic rocks.","University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan.","The Ru analogue of osmium, hexaferrum, hexamolybdenum, and garutiite.","The species is defined by Harris and Cabri (1973) and described in by Urashima et al. (1974), taking the name of the element.  The element, in turn, was discovered in 1844 and named after Ruthenia (Russia).","2025-08-14 10:45:46",[],[],[],[],[64],{"id":65,"txt":66,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":67},2185,"Horokanai placer, Uryugawa, Uryu District, Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaidō Prefecture, Japan","Japan",61,[70,74,77,81,85,89,93,97,101,106,110],{"id":71,"year":72,"html":73,"doi":11},17111036,1973,"Harris, D. C., Cabri, L. J. (1973) The nomenclature of the natural alloys of osmium, iridium and ruthenium based on new compositional data of alloys from world-wide occurrences. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  12 (2) 104-112 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM12_104.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":75,"year":22,"html":76,"doi":11},16122338,"Urashima, Y., Wakabayashi, T., Masaki, T., Terasaki, Y. (1974) Ruthenium, a new mineral from Horakanai, Hokkaido, Japan. Mineralogical Journal: 7: 438-444.",{"id":78,"year":79,"html":80,"doi":11},526555,1975,"Fleischer, Michael; Mandarino, Joseph A. (1975) New mineral names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  60 (9-10). 945-947 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM60\u002FAM60_945.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":82,"year":83,"html":84,"doi":11},526615,1976,"Fleischer, Michael, Pabst, Adolf, Mandarino, Joseph A., Chao, George Y., Cabri, Louis, J. (1976) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  61 (1-2) 174-186 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM61\u002FAM61_174.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":86,"year":87,"html":88,"doi":11},16121797,1982,"Page, N.J., Pallister, J.S., Brown, M.A., Smewing, J.D., Haffty, J. (1982) Palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium and ruthenium in chromite–rich rocks from the Samail ophiolite, Oman. The Canadian Mineralogist: 20: 537-548.",{"id":90,"year":91,"html":92,"doi":11},16121798,1984,"Page, N.J., Talkington, R.W. (1984) Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium in peridotites and chromitites from ophiolite complexes in Newfoundland. The Canadian Mineralogist: 22: 137-149.",{"id":94,"year":95,"html":96,"doi":11},17111046,1991,"Harris, D. C., Cabri, L. J. (1991) Nomenclature of platinum-group-element alloys: review and revision. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  29 (2) 231-237 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM29_231.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":98,"year":99,"html":100,"doi":11},529246,1992,"Jambor, L., 207, Edward S. Grew (1992) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  77 (1-2) 207-213 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM77\u002FAM77_207.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":102,"year":103,"html":104,"doi":105},1126563,1993,"Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In \u003Ci>Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1",{"id":107,"year":108,"html":109,"doi":11},16967100,2005,"(2005) Ruthenium. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fruthenium.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":111,"year":112,"html":113,"doi":114},64413,2007,"Proenza, J. A., Zaccarini, F., Lewis, J. F., Longo, F., Garuti, G. (2007) Chromian spinel composition and the platinum-group minerals of the PGE-rich Loma Peguera chromitites, Loma Caribe peridotite, Dominican Republic. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (3) 631-648 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.45.3.631'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.45.3.631\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM45_631.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.45.3.631",[116,125,135,144,154,162,168],{"id":117,"source_url":118,"license_code":119,"credit_html":120,"title":121,"description":122,"author":123,"original_width":124,"original_height":124},17290,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65774115","CC BY-SA 4.0","David Hospital, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65774115\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Native ruthenium.jpg","Verified nugget of native ruthenium, one of the rarest native elements, from a Russian river. Analyzed specimen. From: Miass River, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Urals Region, Russian Federation.","David Hospital",550,{"id":126,"source_url":127,"license_code":128,"credit_html":129,"title":130,"description":131,"author":132,"original_width":133,"original_height":134},69752,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9774316","CC BY 3.0","Periodictableru, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9774316\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ruthenium crystals.jpg","Gas phase grown crystals of ruthenium metal.","Periodictableru",2404,2092,{"id":136,"source_url":137,"license_code":119,"credit_html":138,"title":139,"description":140,"author":141,"original_width":142,"original_height":143},17291,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=76115068","Joan Rosell, from rosellminerals.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=76115068\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Native ruthenium-rosellminerals.jpg",":Locality: Nizhnii Tagil, Sverdlovskaya Oblast, Urals Region, Russian Federation\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Size: 0.24 × 0.2 × 0.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: This is a small grain of native ruthenium with composition (Ru0.51,Os0.25,Ir0.24) from PGM concentrates of Neiva river sands. Analysis has been carried out with JEOL FE-SEM. Harris & Cabri (1973) indicated in the diagram attached that this composition must be related to rutheniridosmine, but according to 50% rule accepted by IMA, it is Ruthenium now.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Joan Rosell, from rosellminerals.com",1000,920,{"id":145,"source_url":146,"license_code":147,"credit_html":148,"title":149,"description":150,"author":151,"original_width":152,"original_height":153},69755,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12693121","CC BY-SA 3.0","Metalle-w, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12693121\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ru1 modi.jpg","Crystal of high purity Ruthenium, picture width: 30mm, weigth: 1.45g","Metalle-w",3848,2565,{"id":155,"source_url":156,"license_code":128,"credit_html":157,"title":158,"description":159,"author":160,"original_width":161,"original_height":161},69759,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28847083","Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28847083\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ruthenium crystal.jpg","Ruthenium is the first of the platinum group metals. It is very hard and brittle and is commonly used in alloys and as a catalyst. Like with osmium, its tetroxide is very toxic, but ruthenium is less reactive than osmium.","Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements",564,{"id":163,"source_url":164,"license_code":128,"credit_html":165,"title":166,"description":159,"author":160,"original_width":167,"original_height":167},69760,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28847084","Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28847084\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ruthenium (44 Ru).jpg",960,{"id":169,"source_url":170,"license_code":128,"credit_html":171,"title":172,"description":159,"author":160,"original_width":173,"original_height":173},69761,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28847085","Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28847085\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pure etched ruthenium, 1.8 grams.jpg",852,[175,181],{"id":176,"url":177,"label":178,"formula":8,"spacegroup":179,"year":180},12316,"\u002Fcif\u002F12316.cif","Mochalov 1998","P 63\u002Fm m c",1998,{"id":182,"url":183,"label":184,"formula":8,"spacegroup":179,"year":185},12317,"\u002Fcif\u002F12317.cif","Wyckoff 1963",1963,[187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213],"IMA1974-013","Rukyjinme","Rutainium","Ruteenium","Ruten","Ruteni","Rutèni","Rutenij","Rutēnijs","Rutenijum","Rutenio","Rutênio","Rutenis","Ruteniu","Rutenium","Ruténium","Ruteniy","Rûtenyûm","Rutenyum","Rutheni","Ruthenium","Ruthénium","Rúþen","Ρουθήνιο","ருத்தேனியம்","ರುಥೇನಿಯಮ್","റുഥീനിയം",[215,219,223,227,231,235,239],{"lang":216,"names":217},"ca",[218],"ruteni natiu",{"lang":220,"names":221},"de",[187,222],"Ruthenium, gediegen",{"lang":224,"names":225},"fr",[226],"Ruthénium natif",{"lang":228,"names":229},"it",[230],"rutenio nativo",{"lang":232,"names":233},"ja",[234],"自然ルテニウム",{"lang":236,"names":237},"ru",[238],"самородный рутений",{"lang":240,"names":241},"uk",[242],"Рутеній самородний","Q3942959",{"history":11,"applications":11}]