[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2924":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":24,"key_elements":11,"impurities":25,"cim":26,"ima_status":27,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":30,"strunz10ed1":31,"strunz10ed2":32,"strunz10ed3":33,"strunz10ed4":34,"dana8ed1":35,"dana8ed2":36,"dana8ed3":37,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":38,"cclass":39,"spacegroup":40,"spacegroupset":41,"a":42,"b":43,"c":44,"alpha":45,"beta":46,"gamma":45,"aerror":47,"berror":47,"cerror":39,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":11,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":48,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":49,"tlform":11,"hmin":50,"hmax":51,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":45,"vhnmax":45,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":52,"dmeas2":53,"dcalc":45,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":54,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":55,"streak":11,"colour":56,"commentcolor":11,"colors":57,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":62,"cleavagetype":63,"fracturetype":64,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":65,"opticalsign":66,"opticalalpha":67,"opticalalpha2":68,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":69,"opticalbeta2":70,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":71,"opticalgamma2":72,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":45,"opticalomega2":45,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":45,"opticalepsilon2":45,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":45,"opticaln2":45,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":73,"optical2vcalc2":74,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":75,"optical2vmeasured2":76,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":77,"rimax":78,"opticaldispersion":79,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":80,"description_short":81,"aboutname":82,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":83,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":84,"group_members":88,"associates":171,"confused_with":189,"type_localities":191,"occurrence_total":198,"citations":199,"images":316,"structures":402,"synonyms":421,"language_names":426,"wikidata_qid":490,"texts":491},2924,"1:1:2924:3","9fc72763-9def-4426-83b8-4e3356081709","Nontronite","Non",0,"mineral",null,11119,2502,false,"Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[18,19,20,21,22,23],"Al","Fe","Na","Si","O","H",[19,20,21,22,23],",Ti,Mg,Ca,","16.18.1",[28,29],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1827","9","E","C","40","71","3","1a","Monoclinic",5,11,"C2\u002Fm ","5.24","9.11","15.3","0","90",1,"Z = n.d.","Rarely as small bladed crystals, radial or reticulated, spherulitic; commonly cryptocrystalline, claylike, massive.",1.5,2,"2.2","2.3","Resinous,Waxy,Dull","Translucent,Opaque","Green, olive-green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, brown",[58,59,60,61],"green","yellow","orange","brown","{001}","Perfect","Splintery,Conchoidal","Biaxial","-","1.567","1.600","1.604","1.632","1.605","1.643","32","46","25","68",1.567,1.643,"r > v strong","Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 89645.","Smectite Group.","Named in 1827 by Pierre Berthier for the type locality thought to be at \u003Cl id=144354>Nontron, Dordogne, France\u003C\u002Fl>. Actually, the type locality is at \u003Cl id=411080>Le Manderau, Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière\u003C\u002Fl>, not far from Nontron. Originally named \"chloropal\" in 1822 by Dr. Johann Jakob Bernhardi and Dr. Rudolph Brandes for chlor- and \u003Cm>opal\u003C\u002Fm> suggesting it was a green waxy mineral somewhat resembling \u003Cm>common opal\u003C\u002Fm>.","2026-05-09 15:31:10",[85],{"id":86,"name":87,"entrytype":51,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":11,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},9896,"Chrome-Nontronite",[89,96,104,110,116,123,130,136,145,151,158,164],{"id":90,"name":91,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":92,"mindat_formula":93,"hmin":47,"hmax":51,"dmeas":94,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":95},604,"Beidellite","(Na,Ca)\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2",2980,{"id":97,"name":98,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":99,"mindat_formula":100,"hmin":51,"hmax":51,"dmeas":101,"dcalc":102,"primary_image_id":103},29079,"Ferrosaponite","Ca\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Mg,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Mg,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.49","2.435",8824,{"id":105,"name":106,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":107,"mindat_formula":108,"hmin":47,"hmax":51,"dmeas":53,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":109},1841,"Hectorite","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Li)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(F,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Li)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(F,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",10997,{"id":111,"name":112,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":113,"mindat_formula":114,"hmin":47,"hmax":51,"dmeas":94,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":115},2821,"Montmorillonite","(Na,Ca)\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca)\u003Csub>0.33\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",16678,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":119,"mindat_formula":120,"hmin":51,"hmax":121,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":11},3510,"Saliotite","(Li,Na)Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Li,Na)Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>",3,"2.75",{"id":124,"name":125,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":126,"mindat_formula":127,"hmin":50,"hmax":51,"dmeas":128,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":129},3528,"Saponite","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>0.25\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.24",21551,{"id":131,"name":132,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":133,"mindat_formula":134,"hmin":47,"hmax":51,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":135},3544,"Sauconite","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",21645,{"id":137,"name":138,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":140,"hmin":141,"hmax":141,"dmeas":142,"dcalc":143,"primary_image_id":144},3770,"Stevensite","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>3-y\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>3-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",2.5,"2.15","2.07",22839,{"id":146,"name":147,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":148,"mindat_formula":149,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":150},3847,"Swinefordite","Ca\u003Csub>0.2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Li,Al,Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,F)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Li(Al,Li,Mg)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,F)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",23386,{"id":152,"name":153,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":154,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":47,"hmax":51,"dmeas":156,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":157},4201,"Volkonskoite","Ca\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr,Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.11",27597,{"id":159,"name":160,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":161,"mindat_formula":162,"hmin":51,"hmax":121,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":163},4351,"Yakhontovite","(Ca,Na,K)\u003Csub>0.2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cu,Fe,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cu,Fe,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",5814,{"id":165,"name":166,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":167,"mindat_formula":168,"hmin":50,"hmax":51,"dmeas":169,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":170},4416,"Zincsilite","Zn\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O (?)","Zn\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O (?)","2.67",28814,[172,181],{"id":173,"name":174,"entrytype":9,"csystem":175,"ima_formula":176,"mindat_formula":177,"hmin":141,"hmax":178,"dmeas":179,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":180},1040,"Chrysocolla","Orthorhombic","(Cu\u003Csub>2-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>)H\u003Csub>2-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csub>2-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>(H\u003Csub>2-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O, x \u003C 1",3.5,"1.93",5675,{"id":182,"name":183,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":184,"mindat_formula":185,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"dmeas":186,"dcalc":187,"primary_image_id":188},3988,"Todorokite","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3-4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·3-4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.67","3.65",24311,[190],{"id":159,"name":160,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":161,"mindat_formula":162,"hmin":51,"hmax":121,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":163},[192],{"id":193,"txt":194,"latitude":195,"longitude":196,"country":197},411080,"Le Manderau (Le Mandereau; Le Mandaraud), Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, Nontron, Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France",45.5012938,0.7549645,"France",488,[200,204,208,211,216,221,226,231,234,238,243,247,251,256,261,264,269,273,278,283,288,292,297,302,306,311],{"id":201,"year":202,"html":203,"doi":11},16118666,1827,"Berthier, P. (1827) Nontronite, nouveau minéral découvert dans le département de la Dordogne. Annales de Chimie et de Physique: 36: 22-27.",{"id":205,"year":206,"html":207,"doi":11},16100100,1928,"Larsen, E.S., Steiger, G. (1928) Dehydration and optical studies of alunogen, nontronite, and griffithite: American Journal of Science, 5th. series: 15: 1-19.",{"id":209,"year":206,"html":210,"doi":11},16109739,"Foshag, W.F. (1928) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 13: 491-494.",{"id":212,"year":213,"html":214,"doi":215},1051786,1965,"Schneiderhöhn, Paula (1965) Nontronit vom Hohen Hagen und Chloropal vom Meenser Steinberg bei Göttingen. \u003Ci>Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen\u003C\u002Fi>,  10 (1-4). p.385-399. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01128642'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01128642\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01128642",{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":220},145356,1976,"Goodman, B. A. (1976) A Mössbauer and I.R. Spectroscopic Study of the Structure of Nontronite. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  24 (2). 53-59 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1976.0240201'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1976.0240201\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1976.0240201",{"id":222,"year":223,"html":224,"doi":225},12663214,1977,"MacKenzie, K.J.D.; Rogers, D.E. (1977) Thermal and Mössbauer studies of iron-containing hydrous silicate: I. Nontronite. \u003Ci>Thermochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  18. 177-196 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0040-6031(77)80018-x'>doi:10.1016\u002F0040-6031(77)80018-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0040-6031(77)80018-x",{"id":227,"year":228,"html":229,"doi":230},145512,1978,"Goodman, B. A. (1978) The Mössbauer Spectra of Nontronites: Consideration of an Alternative Assignment. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  26 (2) 176-177 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1978.0260215'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1978.0260215\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1978.0260215",{"id":232,"year":228,"html":233,"doi":11},16118671,"Tsipursky, S.I., Drits, V.A., and Chekin, S.S. (1978) Study of structural ordering of nontronite by oblique texture electron diffraction. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya: 10: 105-113. [in Russian].",{"id":235,"year":228,"html":236,"doi":237},562380,"Russell, J. D., Clark, D. R. (1978) The effect of Fe-for-Si substitution on the b-dimension of nontronite. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (2) 133-137 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1978.013.2.01'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1978.013.2.01\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1978.013.2.01",{"id":239,"year":240,"html":241,"doi":242},562426,1979,"Russell, J. D. (1979) An infrared spectroscopic study of the interaction of nontronite and ferruginous montmorillonites with alkali metal hydroxides. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (2) 127-137 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1979.014.2.05'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1979.014.2.05\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1979.014.2.05",{"id":244,"year":245,"html":246,"doi":11},16118673,1983,"Der Aufschluss (1983) 34: 295.",{"id":248,"year":245,"html":249,"doi":250},469549,"Besson, G., Bookin, A. S., Dainyak, L. G., Rautureau, M., Tsipursky, S. I., Tchoubar, C., Drits, V. A. (1983) Use of diffraction and Mössbauer methods for the structural and crystallochemical characterization of nontronites. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Crystallography\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (4) 374-383 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0021889883010651'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0021889883010651\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0021889883010651",{"id":252,"year":253,"html":254,"doi":255},146323,1987,"Daynyak, Lydia G. (1987) Interpretation of Mössbauer Spectra of Nontronite, Celadonite, and Glauconite. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  35 (5) 363-372 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1987.0350506'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1987.0350506\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1987.0350506",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":260},146402,1988,"Lear, Paul R. (1988) Mössbauer Spectroscopic Identification of Iron Oxides in Nontronite from Hohen Hagen, Federal Republic of Germany. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (4) 376-378 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1988.0360414'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1988.0360414\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1988.0360414",{"id":262,"year":258,"html":263,"doi":11},528572,"Sherman, David M., Vergo, Norma (1988) Optical (diffuse reflectance) and Mössbauer spectroscopic study of nontronite and related Fe-bearing smectites. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  73 (11-12) 1346-1354 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM73\u002FAM73_1346.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":265,"year":266,"html":267,"doi":268},563057,1990,"Lear, P. R., Stucki, J. W. (1990) Magnetic properties and site occupancy of iron in nontronite. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (1) 3-13 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.1.02'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.1.02\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.1.02",{"id":270,"year":266,"html":271,"doi":272},563087,"Murad, E., Cashion, J. D., Brown, L. J. (1990) Magnetic ordering in Garfield nontronite under applied magnetic fields. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (3) 261-269 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.3.02'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.3.02\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.3.02",{"id":274,"year":275,"html":276,"doi":277},127161,1994,"Grauby, Olivier, Petit, Sabine, Decarreau, Alain, Baronnet, Alain (1994) The nontronite-saponite series: An experimental approach. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  6 (1) 99-112 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F1\u002F0099'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F1\u002F0099\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F1\u002F0099",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":282},563828,1999,"Köster, H. M., Ehrlicher, U., Gilg, H. A., Jordan, R., Murad, E., Onnich, K. (1999) Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of five nontronites and Fe-rich smectites. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  34 (4) 579-599 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002F000985599546460'>doi:10.1180\u002F000985599546460\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002F000985599546460",{"id":284,"year":285,"html":286,"doi":287},394079,2000,"Manceau, A., Lanson, B., Drits, V.A., Chateigner, D., Gates, W.P., Wu, J., Huo, D., Stucki, J.W. (2000) Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites: I. Crystal chemistry of oxidized reference nontronites. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  85 (1) 133-152 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2000-0114'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2000-0114\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2000-0114",{"id":289,"year":290,"html":291,"doi":11},16966327,2001,"(2001) Nontronite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fnontronite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":293,"year":294,"html":295,"doi":296},128588,2006,"Dainyak, Lidia G., Zviagina, Bella B., Rusakov, Viacheslav S., Drits, Victor A. (2006) Interpretation of the nontronite-dehydroxylate Mossbauer spectrum using EFG calculations. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  18 (6) 753-764 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0753'>doi:10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0753\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0753",{"id":298,"year":299,"html":300,"doi":301},397105,2013,"Gailhanou, H., Blanc, P., Rogez, J., Mikaelian, G., Horiuchi, K., Yamamura, Y., Saito, K., Kawaji, H., Warmont, F., Greneche, J.-M., Vieillard, P., Fialips, C. I., Giffaut, E., Gaucher, E. C. (2013) Thermodynamic properties of saponite, nontronite, and vermiculite derived from calorimetric measurements. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  98 (10) 1834-1847 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4344'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4344\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4344",{"id":303,"year":304,"html":305,"doi":11},16092158,2017,"Martin, R. F. & Fontan, F. (2017) Minerals with a French Connection, The Canadian Mineralogist Ed., 178-179.",{"id":307,"year":308,"html":309,"doi":310},8364068,2019,"Kułacz, Karol, Orzechowski, Kazimierz (2019) Nontronite and intercalated nontronite as effective and cheap absorbers of electromagnetic radiation. \u003Ci>Dalton Transactions\u003C\u002Fi>, 48 (12). 3874-3882 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1039\u002Fc9dt00132h'>doi:10.1039\u002Fc9dt00132h\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1039\u002Fc9dt00132h",{"id":312,"year":313,"html":314,"doi":315},15193004,2022,"Baumgartner, Raphael J., Cuadros, Javier, Michalski, Joseph, Pejcic, Bobby, Laukamp, Carsten, Hu, Siyu, Bourdet, Julien (2022) Chemistry-dependent Raman spectral features of glauconite and nontronite: Implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>, 107 (6) 1080-1090 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8044'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8044\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8044",[317,324,334,344,350,359,369,378,387,395],{"id":318,"source_url":319,"license_code":320,"credit_html":321,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":322,"original_height":323},30357,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112404","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112404\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,662,{"id":325,"source_url":326,"license_code":327,"credit_html":328,"title":329,"description":330,"author":331,"original_width":332,"original_height":333},17832,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866940","CC BY-SA 3.0","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866940\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nontronite-132873.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNontronite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nontronite\">Nontronite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Iron Monarch open cut, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIron_Knob,_South_Australia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Iron Knob, South Australia\">Iron Knob\u003C\u002Fa>, Middleback Range, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEyre_Peninsula\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Eyre Peninsula\">Eyre peninsula\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSouth_Australia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:South Australia\">South Australia\u003C\u002Fa>, Australia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-158.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Field of view 6 mm. Typical colour and waxy lustre for this species. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs. My thanks to Volker Hoppe for this exchange specimen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",773,592,{"id":335,"source_url":336,"license_code":337,"credit_html":338,"title":339,"description":340,"author":341,"original_width":342,"original_height":343},17835,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19526463","Public domain","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19526463\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nontronite-283365.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNontronite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nontronite\">Nontronite\u003C\u002Fa> (Dimensions: top specimen 1.5\" x 1.5\" x 1\", bottom 2\" x 1\" x 1\".)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Twin Buttes Mine (Twin Buttes Open Pit Mine), Twin Buttes, Pima District (Olive District; Mineral Hill District; Twin Buttes District), Sierrita Mts, Pima Co., Arizona, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Two pieces of the chalky chartreuse-colored clay mineral nontronite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Krygier",1024,768,{"id":345,"source_url":346,"license_code":337,"credit_html":347,"title":348,"description":349,"author":341,"original_width":342,"original_height":343},17836,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19526483","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19526483\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nontronite-341898.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNontronite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nontronite\">Nontronite\u003C\u002Fa> (Dimensions: top specimen 1.5\" x 1.5\" x 1\", bottom 2\" x 1\" x 1\".)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Strzegom (Striegau), Świdnica District, Strzegom-Sobótka Massif, Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie), Poland\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Alarming chartreuse-hued nontronite from Poland.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":351,"source_url":352,"license_code":353,"credit_html":354,"title":355,"description":356,"author":357,"original_width":342,"original_height":358},17838,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22530021","CC BY 3.0","Yuanga, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22530021\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nontronita.JPG","Photo of a Nontronite, from Sils, La Selva, Girona, Catalonia","Yuanga",765,{"id":360,"source_url":361,"license_code":362,"credit_html":363,"title":364,"description":365,"author":366,"original_width":367,"original_height":368},70925,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132968810","CC BY-SA 4.0","Mineralysk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132968810\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","1186 Nontronit - Badín.jpg","1186 Nontronit - Badín","Mineralysk",600,459,{"id":370,"source_url":371,"license_code":372,"credit_html":373,"title":374,"description":375,"author":366,"original_width":376,"original_height":377},70926,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146125048","CC0 1.0","Mineralysk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146125048\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","1997 Nontronit - Badín.jpg","1997 Nontronit - Badín",340,440,{"id":379,"source_url":380,"license_code":372,"credit_html":381,"title":382,"description":383,"author":384,"original_width":385,"original_height":386},70927,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163486809","Shannon Heinle, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163486809\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nontronite (GeoDIL number - 2344).jpg","Nontronite is a sodium ferric-iron silicate hydroxide hydrate mineral of the clay group. Nontronites chemical formula is Na0.3Fe+++2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·n(H2O). It is named after its locality in Nontrone, Dordogne, France.","Shannon Heinle",1952,1744,{"id":388,"source_url":389,"license_code":353,"credit_html":390,"title":391,"description":392,"author":393,"original_width":342,"original_height":394},17833,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19526369","Kelly Nash, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19526369\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nontronite, Calcite-464836.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNontronite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nontronite\">Nontronite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality:  Wolf Creek Pass, San Juan Mountains, Mineral Co., Colorado, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Dark botryoidal nontronite with a thin coating of calcite, specimen is 35 mm across.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Kelly Nash",777,{"id":396,"source_url":397,"license_code":353,"credit_html":398,"title":399,"description":400,"author":393,"original_width":342,"original_height":401},17834,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19526376","Kelly Nash, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19526376\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nontronite, Calcite-464835.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNontronite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nontronite\">Nontronite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality:  Wolf Creek Pass, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Dark botryoidal nontronite with a thin coating of calcite, field of view 15 mm. Child photo shows entire specimen (35 mm. across).\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",728,[403,409,415],{"id":404,"url":405,"label":406,"formula":407,"spacegroup":408,"year":294},10050,"\u002Fcif\u002F10050.cif","Dainyak 2006 · Fe Si2 O6 H","Fe Si2 O6 H","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",{"id":410,"url":411,"label":412,"formula":413,"spacegroup":414,"year":294},10051,"\u002Fcif\u002F10051.cif","Dainyak 2006 · Na.41 Fe2 Si4 O10.01","Na.41 Fe2 Si4 O10.01","P 1",{"id":416,"url":417,"label":418,"formula":419,"spacegroup":408,"year":420},10052,"\u002Fcif\u002F10052.cif","Manceau 1998","Na.5 Fe2 (Si3.464 Al.536) O12 H2",1998,[422,423,424,425],"Chloropal (Berhardi and Brandes)","Hydroferripyrophyllite","Pinguite","Unnamed (MSH UK-29)",[427,431,435,439,442,446,450,453,457,461,464,468,472,475,479,482,487],{"lang":428,"names":429},"az",[430],"Nontronit",{"lang":432,"names":433},"ca",[434],"nontronita",{"lang":436,"names":437},"cs",[438],"nontronit",{"lang":440,"names":441},"de",[430],{"lang":443,"names":444},"es",[445],"Nontronita",{"lang":447,"names":448},"et",[449],"nontroniit",{"lang":451,"names":452},"eu",[445],{"lang":454,"names":455},"fa",[456],"نونترونیت",{"lang":458,"names":459},"fr",[460],"nontronite",{"lang":462,"names":463},"it",[460],{"lang":465,"names":466},"kk",[467],"Нонтронит",{"lang":469,"names":470},"nl",[471],"nontroniet",{"lang":473,"names":474},"pl",[430],{"lang":476,"names":477},"ru",[478],"нонтронит",{"lang":480,"names":481},"sk",[430],{"lang":483,"names":484},"uk",[485,486],"Нонтроніт","Нотроніт",{"lang":488,"names":489},"uz",[430],"Q420274",{"history":11,"applications":11}]