[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3146":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":14,"elements":15,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":21,"impurities":11,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":26,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":38,"c":40,"alpha":38,"beta":38,"gamma":38,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":11,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":41,"twinning":42,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":43,"tlform":44,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":38,"vhnmax":38,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":47,"dmeas2":48,"dcalc":49,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":50,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":51,"streak":52,"colour":53,"commentcolor":11,"colors":54,"streak_colors":59,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":60,"cleavagetype":61,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":62,"opticalsign":63,"opticalalpha":38,"opticalalpha2":38,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":38,"opticalbeta2":38,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":38,"opticalgamma2":38,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":64,"opticalomega2":38,"opticalomegaerror":65,"opticalepsilon":66,"opticalepsilon2":38,"opticalepsilonerror":65,"opticaln":38,"opticaln2":38,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":38,"optical2vcalc2":38,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":38,"optical2vmeasured2":38,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":67,"rimax":68,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":69,"industrial":11,"occurrence":70,"otheroccurrence":71,"type_specimen_store":72,"description_short":73,"aboutname":74,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":75,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":76,"group_members":77,"associates":78,"confused_with":88,"type_localities":89,"occurrence_total":94,"citations":95,"images":136,"structures":163,"synonyms":170,"language_names":172,"wikidata_qid":203,"texts":204},3146,"1:1:3146:8","f989c454-84da-4103-907c-59f2c4ff60c0","Penfieldite","Pfd",0,"mineral",null,748,false,"Pb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)",[16,17,18,19],"Cl","Pb","O","H",[16,17,18,19],[16,17],"8.8.9",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1892,"1892","3","D","C","15","10","4","1","Hexagonal",14,100,"0","11.28","48.65","Strongly pronounced subcell: a = 11.393, c = 4.024 A (Merlino et al., 1995)","1. Twin axis \u003Cmi>[21_30]\u003C\u002Fmi> with (0001) as composition face. Twinned crystals having [0001] in common but turned 21°47' to each other. 2. Twin plane \u003Cmi>{41_54}\u003C\u002Fmi> with the twinned crystals having c and c' almost at right angles.","Crystals usually prismatic [0001] with \u003Cmi>{10_10}\u003C\u002Fmi> or steeply pyramidal; also tabular {0001}. Crystals tiny and commonly grouped in parallel position.","Hexagonal crystals to 5 mm in length. With basalt termination or tapering.",3,4,"5.82","6.61","6.00","Adamantine,Greasy","Transparent","White","Colourless, white, yellowish or bluish tints",[55,56,57,58],"colorless","white","yellow","blue",[56],"On {0001}.","Distinct\u002FGood","Uniaxial","+","2.13",1,"2.21",2.13,2.21,"Soluble in dilute HNO3. Decomposed by water, rendering a yellow-white precipitate of lead oxychloride.","Seawater modified slag deposits","oxidized hydrothermal lead deposit","n.d.","Soluble in water, leaving a yellowish white lead oxychloride residue.","Named in honour of US mineralogist Samuel Lewis Penfield (Catskill, New York, January 16, 1856 - August 12, 1906, South Woodstock, Connecticut), Yale University.","2026-02-07 17:17:50",[],[],[79],{"id":80,"name":81,"entrytype":9,"csystem":82,"ima_formula":83,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":45,"hmax":84,"dmeas":85,"dcalc":86,"primary_image_id":87},2343,"Laurionite","Orthorhombic","PbCl(OH)",3.5,"6.241","6.212",14067,[],[90],{"id":91,"txt":92,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":93},8370,"Lavrion Slag Localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece","Greece",19,[96,99,103,107,112,116,119,123,127,132],{"id":97,"year":26,"html":98,"doi":11},16119663,"Genth, F.A. (1892) On penfieldite, a new species. American Journal of Science: 144: 260-261.",{"id":100,"year":101,"html":102,"doi":11},16119664,1894,"Penfield, S.L. (1894) Mineralogical Notes. (On the crystallization of penfieldite). American Journal of Science: 48: 114-118.",{"id":104,"year":105,"html":106,"doi":11},16119665,1897,"Goldschmidt (1897) 260.",{"id":108,"year":109,"html":110,"doi":111},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":113,"year":114,"html":115,"doi":11},521132,1941,"Fleischer, M. (1941) New mineral names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  26 (4). 293-294 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM26\u002FAM26_293.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":117,"year":114,"html":118,"doi":11},16119667,"Gordon, S.G. (1941) Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, Not. Nat., no. 69.",{"id":120,"year":121,"html":122,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":124,"year":125,"html":126,"doi":11},16119669,1968,"Cesbron, F. and Schubnel, H.J. (1968) Penfieldite. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie: 91: 407-408. (in French)",{"id":128,"year":129,"html":130,"doi":131},2649,1995,"Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., Gianfagna, A. (1995) X-ray and electron diffraction study of penfieldite: average structure and multiple cells. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  59 (395) 341-347 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1995.059.395.17'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1995.059.395.17\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_59\u002F59-395-341.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1995.059.395.17",{"id":133,"year":134,"html":135,"doi":11},16966619,2005,"(2005) Penfieldite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fpenfieldite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",[137,147,156],{"id":138,"source_url":139,"license_code":140,"credit_html":141,"title":142,"description":143,"author":144,"original_width":145,"original_height":146},18993,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865855","CC BY-SA 3.0","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865855\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Penfieldite-205451.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPenfieldite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Penfieldite\">Penfieldite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Tocopilla Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 2.5 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Christian Rewitzer",1024,949,{"id":148,"source_url":149,"license_code":140,"credit_html":150,"title":151,"description":152,"author":153,"original_width":154,"original_height":155},6377,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159978","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159978\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Penfieldite-Boleite-Cotunnite-206830.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPenfieldite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Penfieldite\">Penfieldite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoleite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boleite\">Boleite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCotunnite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cotunnite\">Cotunnite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sierra Gorda District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTocopilla_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tocopilla Province\">Tocopilla Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAntofagasta_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Antofagasta Region\">Antofagasta Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Chile (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-672.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 12.8 x 7.9 x 6.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rich and large specimen of these rare species, from new finds in Chile. There are veins scattered all over the specimen, with interesting study material throughout. Collected 10 km from Sierra Gorda Station. Ex. Dr. Mark Feinglos Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",800,502,{"id":157,"source_url":158,"license_code":140,"credit_html":159,"title":160,"description":152,"author":153,"original_width":161,"original_height":162},6378,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159980","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159980\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Penfieldite-Boleite-Cotunnite-206831.jpg",390,400,[164],{"id":165,"url":166,"label":167,"formula":168,"spacegroup":169,"year":129},10543,"\u002Fcif\u002F10543.cif","Merlino 1995","Pb2 Cl3 (O H)","P -6",[171],"Penfieldiet",[173,177,181,185,189,192,195,199],{"lang":174,"names":175},"ca",[176],"penfieldita",{"lang":178,"names":179},"de",[180],"Penfieldit",{"lang":182,"names":183},"el",[184],"Πενφιλντίτης",{"lang":186,"names":187},"es",[188],"Penfieldita",{"lang":190,"names":191},"eu",[188],{"lang":193,"names":194},"it",[7],{"lang":196,"names":197},"ru",[198],"Пенфильдит",{"lang":200,"names":201},"uk",[202],"Пенфільдит","Q411223",{"history":11,"applications":11}]