[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3151":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":16,"ima_formula":15,"elements":17,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":23,"impurities":24,"cim":25,"ima_status":26,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":29,"discovery_year":11,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":32,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":30,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":39,"spacegroupset":40,"a":41,"b":42,"c":42,"alpha":42,"beta":42,"gamma":42,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":43,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":44,"tlform":45,"hmin":46,"hmax":47,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":48,"vhnmax":49,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":50,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":53,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":54,"commentluster":55,"diapheny":56,"streak":57,"colour":58,"commentcolor":11,"colors":59,"streak_colors":62,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":63,"cleavagetype":64,"fracturetype":65,"tenacity":66,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":42,"opticalalpha2":42,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":42,"opticalbeta2":42,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":42,"opticalgamma2":42,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":42,"opticalomega2":42,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":42,"opticalepsilon2":42,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":42,"opticaln2":42,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":42,"optical2vcalc2":42,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":42,"optical2vmeasured2":42,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":67,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":68,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":69,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":70,"other":71,"industrial":11,"occurrence":72,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":73,"description_short":74,"aboutname":75,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":76,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":77,"group_members":78,"associates":191,"confused_with":202,"type_localities":209,"occurrence_total":216,"citations":217,"images":255,"structures":266,"synonyms":279,"language_names":284,"wikidata_qid":314,"texts":315},3151,"1:1:3151:2","68ab04b8-ef27-4f6b-846e-41cb2f9555f1","Penroseite","Pen",0,"mineral",null,9258,411,false,"(Ni,Co,Cu)Se\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","Puse NiSe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> is known as a synthetic phase (see also \u003Cm>kullerudite\u003C\u002Fm>).",[18,19,20,21],"Co","Cu","Ni","Se",[20,21],[20,21],",Ag,Hg,Pb,Fe,S,,","3.11.19",[27,28],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1925,"2","E","B","05a","12","1","4","Isometric",29,204,"Pa3 ","5.991","0",4,"Reniform masses with radiating columnar structure.","A mass of lead-gray, radiating, columnar crystals.",2.5,3,"500","583",100,"6.58","6.74","6.7","Metallic","Quickly tarnishes","Opaque","Black","Steel-gray",[60,61],"gray","black",[61],"Perfect on {001}; distinct on {011}","Perfect","Sub-Conchoidal","brittle","Creamy grayish white","Isotropic","(40.2) 400,\r\n(40.1) 420,\r\n(40.1) 440,\r\n(40.2) 460,\r\n(40.4) 480,\r\n(40.7) 500,\r\n(41.1) 520,\r\n(41.5) 540,\r\n(41.9) 560,\r\n(42.3) 580,\r\n(42.8) 600,\r\n(43.3) 620,\r\n(43.6) 640,\r\n(44.0) 660,\r\n(44.1) 680,\r\n(44.2) 700","Easily fusible, coloring the flame azure blue. It gives off reddish-brown smoke, with an occasional white wisp at the border of the smoke column. The characteristic disagreeable \"horse radish\" odor of Se is obvious. Similar behavior even with a candle flame. Before the blowpipe, the mineral decrepitates. In a closed tube penroseite decomposes, and a coating of selenium is deposited on the wall of the tube; lower down the coat is black and consists of globules of selenium; higher up, the coat consists of translucent, acicular, red crystals.","Readily dissolves in HNO3 with effervescence. Adding excess NH4OH to the solution turns it a methyl blue (Cu and Ni). Dimethylglyoxime yields a scarlet precipitate (Ni).","Hydrothermal veins.","The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1926,1; Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 87472; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 95302, R7247.","Pyrite Group.","Named in honor of Richard Alexander Fullerton Penrose Jr. (17 December 1863, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA - 31 July 1931), American mining geologist. He worked for a period for the United States Geological Survey (including early work on Cripple Creek, Colorado), was a mining consultant, mine owner, professor at the University of Chicago, editor for the Journal of Geology, President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, first President of the Society of Economic Geologists, and president of the Geological Society of America. He funded Penrose medals for those last two societies. He was inducted into the National Mining Hall of Fame in 2006.","2026-01-04 18:10:17",[],[79,86,93,99,108,116,121,126,133,139,145,154,162,169,176,183],{"id":80,"name":81,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":82,"mindat_formula":82,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":83,"dcalc":84,"primary_image_id":85},430,"Aurostibite","AuSb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","9.98","9.91",2347,{"id":87,"name":88,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":89,"mindat_formula":89,"hmin":43,"hmax":43,"dmeas":90,"dcalc":91,"primary_image_id":92},920,"Cattierite","CoS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.82","4.80",4874,{"id":94,"name":95,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":96,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":97,"hmax":97,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":11},6907,"Dzharkenite","FeSe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",5,"7.349",{"id":100,"name":101,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":102,"mindat_formula":102,"hmin":103,"hmax":104,"dmeas":105,"dcalc":106,"primary_image_id":107},1401,"Erlichmanite","OsS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",4.5,5.5,"8.28","9.59",8004,{"id":109,"name":110,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":111,"mindat_formula":111,"hmin":112,"hmax":112,"dmeas":113,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":115},1620,"Fukuchilite","Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>FeS\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>",6,"4.86","4.90",9479,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":119,"mindat_formula":119,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":120,"primary_image_id":11},6963,"Gaotaiite","Ir\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Te\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","10.00",{"id":122,"name":123,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":124,"mindat_formula":124,"hmin":103,"hmax":97,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":125,"primary_image_id":11},1687,"Geversite","PtSb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","10.97",{"id":127,"name":128,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":129,"mindat_formula":129,"hmin":43,"hmax":43,"dmeas":130,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},1831,"Hauerite","MnS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.463","3.444",10924,{"id":134,"name":135,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":136,"mindat_formula":136,"hmin":97,"hmax":104,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":137,"primary_image_id":138},2035,"Insizwaite","PtBi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","12.8",12251,{"id":140,"name":141,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":142,"mindat_formula":142,"hmin":43,"hmax":43,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":143,"primary_image_id":144},2279,"Kruťaite","CuSe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","6.53",13702,{"id":146,"name":147,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":148,"mindat_formula":148,"hmin":149,"hmax":150,"dmeas":151,"dcalc":152,"primary_image_id":153},2344,"Laurite","RuS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,7.5,"6.43","6.39",14084,{"id":155,"name":156,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":157,"mindat_formula":157,"hmin":112,"hmax":158,"dmeas":159,"dcalc":160,"primary_image_id":161},3314,"Pyrite","FeS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"4.8","5.01",20239,{"id":163,"name":164,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":165,"mindat_formula":165,"hmin":112,"hmax":149,"dmeas":166,"dcalc":167,"primary_image_id":168},3723,"Sperrylite","PtAs\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","10.58","10.78",22631,{"id":170,"name":171,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":172,"mindat_formula":172,"hmin":149,"hmax":149,"dmeas":173,"dcalc":174,"primary_image_id":175},4028,"Trogtalite","CoSe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","7.09","7.12",18139,{"id":177,"name":178,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":179,"mindat_formula":179,"hmin":103,"hmax":104,"dmeas":180,"dcalc":181,"primary_image_id":182},4133,"Vaesite","NiS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.45","4.47",27180,{"id":184,"name":185,"entrytype":9,"csystem":186,"ima_formula":187,"mindat_formula":188,"hmin":103,"hmax":103,"dmeas":189,"dcalc":42,"primary_image_id":190},4180,"Villamanínite","Triclinic","CuS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.4",27463,[192],{"id":193,"name":194,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":196,"mindat_formula":197,"hmin":198,"hmax":46,"dmeas":199,"dcalc":200,"primary_image_id":201},2226,"Klockmannite","Hexagonal","Cu\u003Csub>5.2\u003C\u002Fsub>Se\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","CuSe",2,"5.99","6.12",5188,[203],{"id":204,"name":205,"entrytype":9,"csystem":206,"ima_formula":207,"mindat_formula":207,"hmin":104,"hmax":158,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":208,"primary_image_id":11},2288,"Kullerudite","Orthorhombic","NiSe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","6.72",[210],{"id":211,"txt":212,"latitude":213,"longitude":214,"country":215},328,"Virgen de Surumi mine, Pakajake Canyon, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia",-18.65,-66.0166667,"Bolivia",18,[218,221,225,229,233,237,242,247,251],{"id":219,"year":29,"html":220,"doi":11},16119685,"Gordon, S.G. (1925) Penroseite and trudellite: Two new minerals. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 77, 317-324.",{"id":222,"year":223,"html":224,"doi":11},16119686,1926,"Gordon, S.G. (1926) Proceedings of societies: Penroseite and trudellite, two new minerals. American Mineralogist: 11: 39-43.",{"id":226,"year":227,"html":228,"doi":11},16119687,1935,"Herzenberg, R., Ahlfeld, F. (1935) Blockit, ein neues Selenerz aus Bolivien. Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie: 6: 277-279.",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":11},520595,1937,"Bannister, F. A., Hey, Max H. (1937) The identity of penroseite and blockite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  22 (5) 319-324 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM22\u002FAM22_319.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":241},16596174,1969,"Ramdohr, Paul (1969) \u003Ci>The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths\u003C\u002Fi>. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":246},1126563,1993,"Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In \u003Ci>Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1",{"id":248,"year":249,"html":250,"doi":11},12909428,2003,"Redwood, Stewart D. (2003) Famous Mineral Localities: The Pacajake Selenium Mine, Potosí, Bolivia. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 34 (4) 339-357",{"id":252,"year":253,"html":254,"doi":11},16966625,2005,"(2005) Penroseite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fpenroseite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",[256],{"id":257,"source_url":258,"license_code":259,"credit_html":260,"title":261,"description":262,"author":263,"original_width":264,"original_height":265},19021,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161823","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161823\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Penroseite-217412.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPenroseite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Penroseite\">Penroseite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Virgen de Surumi mine (Pacajake mine; Pakajake mine), Pakajake Canyon (Pacajake Canyon), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChayanta_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chayanta Province\">Chayanta Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.9 x 2.4 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Penroseite is a very rare nickel, cobalt, copper selenide and this rich and fine specimen is from the Type Locality - the Virgen de Surumi Mine of Bolivia. The famous selenium minerals from this locality have often been falsely attributed to the Hiaco mine (2km west, on the opposite flank of Pakajake canyon) or to the Colquechaca mine (28km southwest), but neither of those mines yields any selenium minerals at all. Silvery, metallic, parallel-growth blades of penroseite comprise nearly all of this very rich specimen. Accompanied by a 1950s era, faded Burminco label that has a penciled-in, August, 1951 date. Ex. Mullane Collection. Weighs 60 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",700,395,[267,274],{"id":268,"url":269,"label":270,"formula":271,"spacegroup":272,"year":273},10550,"\u002Fcif\u002F10550.cif","Foecker 2001","Ni (P.24 Se1.76)","P a 3",2001,{"id":275,"url":276,"label":277,"formula":278,"spacegroup":272,"year":239},10551,"\u002Fcif\u002F10551.cif","Furuseth 1969","Ni Se2",[280,281,282,283],"Blockit","Blockita","Blockite","Penroseiet",[285,289,294,298,302,306,309],{"lang":286,"names":287},"ca",[288],"penroseïta",{"lang":290,"names":291},"da",[292,293],"blockit","penroseit",{"lang":295,"names":296},"de",[280,297],"Penroseit",{"lang":299,"names":300},"eu",[301],"Penroseita",{"lang":303,"names":304},"fr",[305],"penroséite",{"lang":307,"names":308},"it",[7],{"lang":310,"names":311},"mk",[312,313],"пенрозит","Пенросит","Q3899151",{"history":11,"applications":11}]