[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3185":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":23,"key_elements":24,"impurities":25,"cim":26,"ima_status":27,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":30,"strunz10ed1":31,"strunz10ed2":32,"strunz10ed3":21,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":34,"dana8ed2":31,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":39,"spacegroupset":40,"a":41,"b":42,"c":42,"alpha":42,"beta":42,"gamma":42,"aerror":43,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":44,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":45,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":46,"tlform":11,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":42,"vhnmax":42,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":48,"dmeas2":48,"dcalc":49,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":50,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":51,"streak":52,"colour":53,"commentcolor":11,"colors":54,"streak_colors":59,"luminescence":11,"uv":60,"cleavage":61,"cleavagetype":62,"fracturetype":63,"tenacity":64,"commentbreak":65,"opticaltype":66,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":67,"opticalalpha2":68,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":69,"opticalbeta2":70,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":71,"opticalgamma2":72,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":42,"opticalomega2":42,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":42,"opticalepsilon2":42,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":73,"opticaln2":72,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":42,"optical2vcalc2":42,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":74,"optical2vmeasured2":75,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":76,"rimax":77,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":78,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":79,"opticalcomments":80,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":81,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":82,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":83,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":84,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":85,"aboutname":86,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":87,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":88,"group_members":89,"associates":135,"confused_with":225,"type_localities":226,"occurrence_total":238,"citations":239,"images":346,"structures":489,"synonyms":511,"language_names":523,"wikidata_qid":587,"texts":588},3185,"1:1:3185:7","b9a9043d-f559-4d68-8048-803e82bc8983","Pharmacosiderite","Pmsd",0,"mineral",null,32475,9746,false,"KFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·6-7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","KFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 6-7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[18,19,20,21,22],"As","Fe","O","K","H",[18,19,20,21,22],[18],"P","20.9.9",[28,29],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1813","8","D","10","42","1a","1","Isometric",30,211,"P-4 3m","7.96","0",2,1,"Lamellar, rarely as twinned tetrahedra.","Cubic crystals, striated diagonally or replaced by a vicinal trapezohedron near {1.1.40}; and exhibiting minor {111}, \u003Cmi>{_111}\u003C\u002Fmi>, {011}, and {122}; also tetrahedral. Granular, earthy.",2.5,"2.797","2.90","Adamantine,Sub-Adamantine,Sub-Vitreous,Greasy","Transparent,Translucent","white","Pale green, green, emerald-green, dark brown, honey-yellow to yellow-brown, brownish red, hyacinth-red; green, yellow, light brown in transmitted light (biaxially sectored).",[55,56,57,58,52],"green","yellow","brown","red",[52],"Not fluorescent in UV","Imperfect to good on {001}.","Imperfect\u002FFair","Irregular\u002FUneven","brittle","Described as \"somewhat sectile\"","Isotropic","1.660","1.697","1.661","1.700","1.663","1.704","1.687","80","90",1.66,1.704,"Non-pleochroic","0.005","Virtually always anomalously biaxial + or - of tensional origin, with weak birefringence, possibly exhibiting six biaxial sectors based on the faces of {001}. Measured 2V = large.","May have biaxial sectors","Weakly piezoelectric and pyroelectric.","Soluble in HCl. Crystals immersed in ammonia turn red and revert to the original green colour when reimmersed in dilute HCl.\r\n\r\nAlters to Limonite and Wad. Forms pseudomorphs after Siderite.","Oxidation zones of arsenic-bearing sulfide deposits; also in hydrothermal deposits.","Pharmacosiderite Group.\r\nForms solid solutions with bariopharmacosiderite, natropharmacosiderite, pharmacoalumite and other members of the pharmacosiderite group.\r\n\r\nA secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of iron-bearing sulfide deposits o...","Named in 1813 by Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann from the Greek φάρμăκου \"pharmakou\" for \"poison or drug\" in allusion to the arsenic content, and σίδηρος \"sideros\" for \"iron\" in its composition.","2025-08-11 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AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>, H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O) (?)","2.2",30484,{"id":210,"name":211,"entrytype":9,"csystem":165,"ima_formula":212,"mindat_formula":213,"hmin":151,"hmax":214,"dmeas":215,"dcalc":216,"primary_image_id":217},3595,"Scorodite","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",4,"3.27","3.276",21915,{"id":219,"name":220,"entrytype":9,"csystem":221,"ima_formula":196,"mindat_formula":197,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":222,"dcalc":223,"primary_image_id":224},3851,"Symplesite","Triclinic","2.96","3.02",23407,[],[227,233],{"id":228,"txt":229,"latitude":230,"longitude":231,"country":232},927,"Carharrack Mine, Gwennap, Cornwall, England, UK",50.234524,-5.1741381,"UK",{"id":234,"txt":235,"latitude":236,"longitude":237,"country":232},1142,"Tincroft Mine, Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK",50.2201381,-5.2690709,439,[240,244,248,251,255,259,263,267,271,275,279,283,288,292,296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,341],{"id":241,"year":242,"html":243,"doi":11},16119908,1786,"Klaproth (1786) Schriften der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde in Berlin, Schr.: 1: 161 (as Arseniksaures Eisen im Würfeln kryst.).",{"id":245,"year":246,"html":247,"doi":11},16119909,1794,"Lenz, D.G. (1794) Versuch einer vollständigen Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Mineralien. 2 volumes, Leipzig: 2: 18, 151 (as Würfelerz).",{"id":249,"year":246,"html":250,"doi":11},16131691,"Richard Kirwan (1794) \u003Ci>Elements of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> - second edition Vol. 1. P. Elmsly, The Strand.",{"id":252,"year":253,"html":254,"doi":11},18292729,1802,"Klaproth, M. H. (1802) XCIV. Untersuchung des Olivenerzes.IlI. Arseniksaures Eisenerz. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 3. Rottmann. p.194-195.",{"id":256,"year":257,"html":258,"doi":11},16119912,1808,"Karsten, D.L.G. (1808) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. second edition: 66: 1808 (as Würfelerz).",{"id":260,"year":261,"html":262,"doi":11},17557205,1813,"Hausmann, Johann Friedrich Ludwig (1813) \u003Ci>Handbuch der Mineralogie\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.). Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fhandbuchdermine01hausgoog\u002Fhandbuchdermine01hausgoog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":264,"year":265,"html":266,"doi":11},16119914,1891,"Brauns, R.A. (1891) 349.",{"id":268,"year":269,"html":270,"doi":11},16119915,1899,"Hartley (1899) Mineralogical Magazine: 12: 152.",{"id":272,"year":273,"html":274,"doi":11},16119916,1907,"Gaubert (1907) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 30: 108.",{"id":276,"year":277,"html":278,"doi":11},7367189,1910,"Lacroix, A. (1910) \u003Ci>Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org\u002Fitempdf\u002F225322' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":280,"year":281,"html":282,"doi":11},4468628,1920,"(1920) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 6 - Text - Band VI - Markasit-Pyrit. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":284,"year":285,"html":286,"doi":287},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":289,"year":290,"html":291,"doi":11},16119920,1928,"Heide (1928) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 67: 60.",{"id":293,"year":294,"html":295,"doi":11},16119921,1934,"Hocart (1934) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 57: 5.",{"id":297,"year":298,"html":299,"doi":11},16119922,1937,"Hägele and Machatschki (1937) Fortschritte der Mineralogie, Kristallographie und Petrographie, Jena: 21: 77.",{"id":301,"year":302,"html":303,"doi":11},16119923,1948,"Zemann, J. (1948) Formula and structural type of pharmacosiderite. Mineralog. u. petrog. Mitt.: 1: 1-13.",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":309,"year":310,"html":311,"doi":11},16119925,1959,"Zemann, J. (1959) Isotypes between pharmacosiderite and zeolitic germanates. Acta Crystallographica: 12: 252. (in German.)",{"id":313,"year":314,"html":315,"doi":11},16119926,1967,"Buerger, M.J., Dollase, W.A., Garaycochea-Wittke, I. (1967) The structure and composition of the mineral pharmacosiderite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 125: 92-108.",{"id":317,"year":318,"html":319,"doi":11},16119927,1981,"Greis, O., Mutter, G., Eyselg, W. (1981) Pulverröntgenographische Untersuchungen an A[Fe4(OH)\u003Cf>4\u003C\u002Ff>(AsO\u003Cf>4\u003C\u002Ff>)\u003Cf>3\u003C\u002Ff>]•(5−7)H\u003Cf>2\u003C\u002Ff>O. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 156: 48–49 (in German).",{"id":321,"year":322,"html":323,"doi":11},16119928,1982,"Mutter, G., Greis, O., Eysel, W. (1982) Strukturvarianten und Eigenschaften von Pharmakosideriten. Fortschritte der Mineralogie: 60(1): 151-152.",{"id":325,"year":326,"html":327,"doi":11},16119929,1984,"Mutter, G., Eysel, W., Greis, O., Schmetzer, K. (1984) Crystal chemistry of natural and ion-exchanged pharmacosiderites. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 183–192.",{"id":329,"year":330,"html":331,"doi":11},16771790,2000,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2000) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4 - Arsenates, phosphates, vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":333,"year":334,"html":335,"doi":11},16966676,2005,"(2005) Pharmacosiderite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fpharmacosiderite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":337,"year":338,"html":339,"doi":340},244081,2010,"Mills, S. J., Hager, S. L., Leverett, P., Williams, P. A., Raudsepp, M. (2010) The structure of H\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csup>+\u003C\u002Fsup>-exchanged pharmacosiderite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (3) 487-492 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.487'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.487\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.487",{"id":342,"year":343,"html":344,"doi":345},65592,2019,"Majzlan, Juraj, Haase, Patrick, Plášil, Jakub, Dachs, Edgar (2019) Synthesis and stability of some members of the pharmacosiderite group, AFe4(OH)4(AsO4)3·nH2O (A = K, Na, 0.5Ba, 0.5Sr) \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  57 (5) 663-675 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1900035'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1900035\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1900035",[347,357,364,371,378,384,391,399,406,416,425,432,439,448,456,463,470,479],{"id":348,"source_url":349,"license_code":350,"credit_html":351,"title":352,"description":353,"author":354,"original_width":355,"original_height":356},19220,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163945","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163945\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-231258.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWheal_Gorland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wheal Gorland\">Wheal Gorland\u003C\u002Fa>, St Day United Mines (Poldice Mines), Gwennap area, Camborne - Redruth - St Day District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornwall\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornwall\">Cornwall\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEngland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:England\">England\u003C\u002Fa>, UK (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-939.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 5.3 x 2.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Brilliant sub-mm green crystals of Pharmacosiderite are abundant in several vugs of this nice large matrix specimen. Classic, old English material.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",267,399,{"id":358,"source_url":359,"license_code":360,"credit_html":361,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":362,"original_height":363},30451,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115105","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115105\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":365,"source_url":366,"license_code":350,"credit_html":367,"title":368,"description":353,"author":354,"original_width":369,"original_height":370},73638,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163944","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163944\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-231257.jpg",600,532,{"id":372,"source_url":373,"license_code":350,"credit_html":374,"title":375,"description":376,"author":354,"original_width":369,"original_height":377},19221,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453794","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453794\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-mun05-98a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Graul, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLangenberg\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Langenberg\">Langenberg\u003C\u002Fa>, Schwarzenberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErzgebirge\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erzgebirge\">Erzgebirge\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaxony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saxony\">Saxony\u003C\u002Fa>, Germany (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-13182.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.1 x 3.3 x 2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a rare potassium, iron, arsenate which occurs in fine cubic crystals on matrix along with tiny botryoids of an unknown phosphate?. The crystals are golden �orange, lustrous and gemmy. The largest cube is 2.5 mm across. This is a rich piece, for the locality! The state of Thuringia boundry changed after WW2, hence the locality was formerly known as Schwarzenberg, Thuringia, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",563,{"id":379,"source_url":380,"license_code":381,"credit_html":382,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":362,"original_height":383},30452,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65257","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65257\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",719,{"id":385,"source_url":386,"license_code":350,"credit_html":387,"title":388,"description":376,"author":354,"original_width":389,"original_height":390},19222,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453795","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453795\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-mun05-98b.jpg",400,320,{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":350,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":398},19223,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865799","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865799\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-170215.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Alto das Quelhas do Gestoso Mines, Gestoso, Manhouce, São Pedro do Sul, Viseu District, Portugal\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 2 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Christian Rewitzer",800,{"id":400,"source_url":401,"license_code":350,"credit_html":402,"title":403,"description":404,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":405},19224,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865801","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865801\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-170216.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Alto das Quelhas do Gestoso Mines, Gestoso, Manhouce, São Pedro do Sul, Viseu District, Portugal\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 2.5 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer Analysed specimen\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",814,{"id":407,"source_url":408,"license_code":409,"credit_html":410,"title":411,"description":412,"author":413,"original_width":414,"original_height":415},19225,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74403036","Public domain","Modris Baum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74403036\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-268914.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wheal Gorland, St Day, Cornwall, England, UK\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>FOV 4.3 mm x 5.9 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Thanks to Ralph Thomas. MOB coll. Interestingly zoned xls. But it works much better in stereo - see the child photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Modris Baum",730,1024,{"id":417,"source_url":418,"license_code":409,"credit_html":419,"title":420,"description":421,"author":422,"original_width":423,"original_height":424},19226,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95263517","Anthea Strickland, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95263517\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite -646081.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Dimensions: 32 mm x 15 mm x 12 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Burdell Gill, Coombe Height, Caldbeck, Allerdale, Cumbria, England, UK\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Honey brown vitreous crystals of pharmacosiderite as simple cubes up to about one mm across.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Anthea Strickland",1375,1126,{"id":426,"source_url":427,"license_code":350,"credit_html":428,"title":429,"description":430,"author":397,"original_width":362,"original_height":431},73642,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865577","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865577\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-89338.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Maria Josefa Mine, Rodalquilar, Níjar, Almería, Andalusia, Spain\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 2 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",877,{"id":433,"source_url":434,"license_code":409,"credit_html":435,"title":436,"description":437,"author":413,"original_width":438,"original_height":415},73643,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74402371","Modris Baum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74402371\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-266976.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Copper stope, Majuba Hill Mine, Antelope District, Pershing County, Nevada, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>FOV 4.4 mm x 5.7 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Thanks to Ralph Thomas. MOB coll. Transparent\u002Ftranslucent blue-green cubes of pharmacosiderite. Obviously there are several other minerals present but I know nothing about this locality. (Scorodite is listed on the label.)\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",792,{"id":440,"source_url":441,"license_code":381,"credit_html":442,"title":443,"description":444,"author":445,"original_width":446,"original_height":447},73644,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82999562","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82999562\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202277 photo (g27 g27-627 1 jpg).jpg","\"farmakosideriit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65257\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202277\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",3445,2480,{"id":449,"source_url":450,"license_code":350,"credit_html":451,"title":452,"description":453,"author":354,"original_width":454,"original_height":455},73639,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168152","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168152\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-Scorodite-255017.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pharmacosiderite\">Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FScorodite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Scorodite\">Scorodite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Penberthy Croft Mine (Wheal Fancy), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHilary\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hilary\">St Hilary\u003C\u002Fa>, Mount's Bay District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornwall\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornwall\">Cornwall\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEngland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:England\">England\u003C\u002Fa>, UK (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1251.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.4 x 4.5 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sparkly, variably green pharmacosiderite microcrystals richly line numerous small vugs and partially coat most sides of the hefty sulfide matrix on this excellent old-time specimen from the Penberthy Croft Mine of Cornwall. The piece also hosts small areas of tiny, translucent, gray balls of scorodite. Penberthy Croft is an ancient mine with production in the 18th century and closed around 1840. Highly representative of the species and historic, old locale. Ex. Alex Williams and Wes Parker Collections.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",700,626,{"id":457,"source_url":458,"license_code":350,"credit_html":459,"title":460,"description":453,"author":354,"original_width":461,"original_height":462},73640,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168153","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168153\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-Scorodite-255018.jpg",703,565,{"id":464,"source_url":465,"license_code":350,"credit_html":466,"title":467,"description":453,"author":354,"original_width":468,"original_height":469},73641,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168154","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168154\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pharmacosiderite-Scorodite-255019.jpg",650,541,{"id":471,"source_url":472,"license_code":381,"credit_html":473,"title":474,"description":475,"author":476,"original_width":477,"original_height":478},2658,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162694060","Jan Czeczotka, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162694060\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Dussertit, Barium-Pharmakosiderit, Quarz, Baryt - Schmiedestollenhalde, Wittichen, Schwarzwald - 15,9 g.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDussertite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Dussertite\">Dussertite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBariopharmacosiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bariopharmacosiderite\">Bariopharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fa> (also \u003Ci>Barium-Pharmacosiderite\u003C\u002Fi>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Weight: 15.9 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Schmiedestollenhalde, Wittichen, Rottweil district, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Jan Czeczotka",6235,4166,{"id":480,"source_url":481,"license_code":482,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":485,"author":486,"original_width":487,"original_height":488},64388,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163484346","CC0 1.0","Nessa Eull, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163484346\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucochalcite with pharmacosiderite (GeoDIL number - 1583).jpg","Leucochalcite, Cu2(AsO4)(OH)-H2O (copper arsenate hydroxide), has the appearance of olivenite. It can be colorless, white, or greenish in color and has a silky luster. Pharmacosiderite (hydrated potassium iron arsenate hydroxide) is a rare secondary arsenate mineral. It typically forms in the oxidation zones of ore deposits.","Nessa Eull",718,754,[490,496,501,506],{"id":491,"url":492,"label":493,"formula":494,"spacegroup":495,"year":338},11012,"\u002Fcif\u002F11012.cif","Mills 2010","Fe4 As3 O21","P -4 3 m",{"id":497,"url":498,"label":499,"formula":500,"spacegroup":495,"year":314},11013,"\u002Fcif\u002F11013.cif","Buerger 1967","Fe4 As3 O21 H10",{"id":502,"url":503,"label":504,"formula":505,"spacegroup":495,"year":302},11014,"\u002Fcif\u002F11014.cif","Zemann 1948","As3 Fe4 O23 H18",{"id":507,"url":508,"label":509,"formula":505,"spacegroup":495,"year":510},11015,"\u002Fcif\u002F11015.cif","Zemann 1947",1947,[512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522],"Arsenate-zeolite","Arsenicated Iron Ore","Arseniksaures Eisen im Würfeln kryst.","Cube Ore","Fer arseniaté","Hexaedrischer Liroconmalachit","Pharmacosiderit","Pharmakosidrit","Pharmakosidrite","Siderite (of Bergmann)","Würfelerz",[524,528,532,536,539,543,547,551,555,559,563,567,571,575,578,583],{"lang":525,"names":526},"ca",[527],"farmacosiderita",{"lang":529,"names":530},"de",[531],"Pharmakosiderit",{"lang":533,"names":534},"el",[535],"Φαρμακοσιδηρίτης",{"lang":537,"names":538},"es",[527],{"lang":540,"names":541},"et",[542],"farmakosideriit",{"lang":544,"names":545},"eu",[546],"Farmakosiderita",{"lang":548,"names":549},"fa",[550],"فارماکوسیدریت",{"lang":552,"names":553},"fr",[554],"Pharmacosidérite",{"lang":556,"names":557},"it",[558],"farmacosiderite",{"lang":560,"names":561},"nl",[562],"farmacosideriet",{"lang":564,"names":565},"nn",[566],"farmakosideritt",{"lang":568,"names":569},"pl",[570],"Farmakosyderyt",{"lang":572,"names":573},"ru",[574],"фармакосидерит",{"lang":576,"names":577},"uk",[574],{"lang":579,"names":580},"zh",[581,582],"毒鐵石","毒铁石",{"lang":584,"names":585},"zh-tw",[586],"毒鐵礦","Q147136",{"history":589,"applications":593},{"markdown":590,"model_version":591,"prompt_version":592,"reviewed_at":11},"The name warns you what is inside. *Pharmacosiderite* joins two Greek words — *pharmakon*, meaning poison, and *sideros*, meaning iron[1]. The poison is arsenic, which the mineral holds in quantity, and the iron is the metal it builds itself around[1].\n\nBefore it carried that name, miners called it *cube ore*[2]. The reason is in the crystals: pharmacosiderite grows as tiny, well-formed cubes, olive-green to honey-yellow and brown, that sit on the rock in plain sight[3]. That blocky habit set it apart from the duller crusts around it long before anyone worked out its chemistry.\n\nThe modern name was given in 1813 by the German mineralogist Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann, who built it from the Greek roots for the mineral's two defining elements[1]. He chose poison and iron because those were the parts that mattered — a warning and a description in one word.\n\nThe mineral is best known from the copper and tin country of Cornwall, in south-west England, where it occurs in abundance[4]. It is also familiar from Saxony and Bavaria in Germany, and from Utah in the United States[5].\n\nPharmacosiderite is a secondary mineral — one that forms not when the rock first crystallises but later, as older minerals break down. It appears in the oxidation zone, the weathered upper part of a deposit where air and water attack the ore[3]. There it grows from the slow alteration of arsenic-bearing minerals such as arsenopyrite and tennantite[3].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":594,"model_version":591,"prompt_version":592,"reviewed_at":11},"Pharmacosiderite has no commercial or industrial use. It is too scarce, and forms in crusts too thin, to be mined for the arsenic or the iron it contains. The mineral is wanted mainly by collectors and museums, who prize its sharp little cubes of olive-green to honey-yellow as good display examples of a secondary arsenate[1].\n\nFor a geologist in the field it can also serve as a quiet signpost. Because it forms only where arsenic-bearing minerals are breaking down, its presence in the weathered cap of a deposit points to arsenic in the ore below[2].\n\nOne twist gives the mineral a second life by name only. Chemists have built synthetic frameworks that copy its three-dimensional cubic structure but swap titanium and silicon for the iron and arsenic. These pharmacosiderite-type titanosilicates act as ion exchangers, trapping radioactive caesium and strontium from contaminated water in cleanup research[3]. The natural mineral itself is not used this way — only its atomic blueprint is.\n\nA word of caution for anyone handling a specimen: pharmacosiderite contains arsenic, which is toxic. Do not lick, ingest, or breathe dust from the crystals, and wash your hands after handling them."]