[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3208":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":24,"key_elements":11,"impurities":25,"cim":26,"ima_status":27,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":30,"strunz10ed1":31,"strunz10ed2":32,"strunz10ed3":33,"strunz10ed4":34,"dana8ed1":35,"dana8ed2":36,"dana8ed3":37,"dana8ed4":38,"csystem":39,"cclass":40,"spacegroup":41,"spacegroupset":42,"a":43,"b":44,"c":45,"alpha":42,"beta":46,"gamma":42,"aerror":47,"berror":40,"cerror":47,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":48,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":49,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":50,"tlform":11,"hmin":51,"hmax":52,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":42,"vhnmax":42,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":53,"dmeas2":54,"dcalc":55,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":56,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":57,"streak":58,"colour":59,"commentcolor":11,"colors":60,"streak_colors":68,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":69,"cleavagetype":70,"fracturetype":71,"tenacity":72,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":73,"opticalsign":74,"opticalalpha":75,"opticalalpha2":76,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":77,"opticalbeta2":78,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":79,"opticalgamma2":80,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":42,"opticalomega2":42,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":42,"opticalepsilon2":42,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":42,"opticaln2":42,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":81,"optical2vcalc2":82,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":83,"optical2vmeasured2":82,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":84,"rimax":85,"opticaldispersion":86,"opticalpleochroism":87,"opticalpleochorismdesc":88,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":89,"type_specimen_store":90,"description_short":91,"aboutname":92,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":93,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":94,"group_members":99,"associates":170,"confused_with":193,"type_localities":194,"occurrence_total":201,"citations":202,"images":343,"structures":549,"synonyms":576,"language_names":582,"wikidata_qid":656,"texts":657},3208,"1:1:3208:3","b9da7d21-4885-4223-af44-d11c17efc871","Piemontite","Pmt",0,"mineral",null,46234,2385,false,"(CaCa)(AlAlMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)",[18,19,20,21,22,23],"Al","Ca","Mn","Si","O","H",[18,19,20,21,22,23],"Fe,Ti,Na,K,H2O","16.16.22",[28,29],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1758","9","B","G","05a","58","2","1a","11","Monoclinic",5,15,"0","8.878","5.692","10.201","115.25",10,2,"{100} uncommon, lamellar","Prismatic, bladed or acicular crystals.",6,6.5,"3.46","3.54","3.45","Vitreous","Translucent,Opaque","Reddish","Red, red-violet, red-brown to reddish black",[61,62,63,64,65,66,67],"red","purple","brown","black","yellow","pink","orange",[61],"Perfect on {001}\r\nPoor on {100}","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven","brittle","Biaxial","+","1.725","1.756","1.73","1.789","1.75","1.832","54","86","50",1.725,1.832,"r > v strong","Visible","X= light yellow, orange to pink\r\nY= pale violet to deep lavender\r\nZ= pink to deep red","Greenschist to amphibolite grade regional metamorphism, metasomatised manganese deposits, low temperature hydrothermal veins.","No designated type material.","\"Piemontite\" has two different uses: Piemontite (sensu stricto) is the mineral species described here, but informally \"piemontite\" may also refer incorrectly to deep red colored, Mn3+-bearing epidotes that are really varieties of the species epidote, a...","Piemontite was first described from the Prabornaz mine, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley (until 1946 Aosta Valley was a province of Piedmont), Italy in 1758 by Cronstedt as \"röd Magnesia\", and again as “Manganèse rouge” by Chevalier Napione in 1790. He also provided a chemical analysis. On the basis of Napione's chemical data, Haüy designated the substance as “Manganèse oxidé violet silicifère” in 1801. Cordier (1803) did a new analysis and acknowledged the similarities between piemontite and epidote and named the mineral “Èpidote manganésifere.” A name that was used both by German and English-speaking scientists (Manganepidot and manganesian epidote, respectively). Also, Haüy (1822) adopted the name “Èpidote manganésifere” in his grand work Traité de Minéralogie. Werner (1817) chose the name \"Piemontischer Braunstein\", which was shortened to piedmontite in 1853 by Kenngott, using the English name for the region. Today, the Italian spelling is used: piemontite.","2025-10-26 13:45:25",[95],{"id":96,"name":97,"entrytype":48,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":98,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},9290,"Strontium-bearing Piemontite","{(Ca,Sr)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>}{Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>}(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O(OH)",[100,109,117,122,128,134,141,149,155,163],{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":105,"hmax":105,"dmeas":106,"dcalc":107,"primary_image_id":108},1087,"Clinozoisite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)",7,"3.3","3.23",5912,{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":112,"mindat_formula":113,"hmin":51,"hmax":51,"dmeas":114,"dcalc":115,"primary_image_id":116},1389,"Epidote","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaCa)(AlAlFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)","3.38","3.43",92,{"id":118,"name":119,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":120,"mindat_formula":121,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":42,"primary_image_id":11},31558,"Epidote-(Sr)","CaSr(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaSr)(AlAlFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)",{"id":123,"name":124,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":125,"mindat_formula":126,"hmin":51,"hmax":105,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":42,"primary_image_id":127},1814,"Hancockite","CaPb(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaPb)(AlAlFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)",58083,{"id":129,"name":130,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":131,"mindat_formula":132,"hmin":51,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":133,"primary_image_id":11},470696,"Heflikite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Sc)(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O(OH)","(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)","3.537",{"id":135,"name":136,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":137,"mindat_formula":138,"hmin":139,"hmax":139,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":140,"primary_image_id":11},2805,"Mukhinite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>V\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaCa)(AlAlV\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)",8,"3.47",{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":144,"mindat_formula":145,"hmin":40,"hmax":146,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":148},11460,"Niigataite","CaSrAl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)",5.5,"3.63",5919,{"id":150,"name":151,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":152,"mindat_formula":153,"hmin":51,"hmax":51,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":154,"primary_image_id":11},42876,"Piemontite-(Pb)","CaPb(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaPb)(AlAlMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)","4.282",{"id":156,"name":157,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":158,"mindat_formula":159,"hmin":51,"hmax":51,"dmeas":160,"dcalc":161,"primary_image_id":162},3773,"Piemontite-(Sr)","CaSr(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaSr)(AlAlMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)","3.65","3.73",19422,{"id":164,"name":165,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":166,"mindat_formula":167,"hmin":51,"hmax":105,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":168,"primary_image_id":169},11118,"Tweddillite","CaSr(Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaSr)(Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>AlMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)","3.84",24809,[171,178,186],{"id":172,"name":173,"entrytype":9,"csystem":174,"ima_formula":175,"mindat_formula":176,"hmin":52,"hmax":52,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":177,"primary_image_id":11},9,"Abswurmbachite","Tetragonal","Cu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CuMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.96",{"id":179,"name":180,"entrytype":9,"csystem":181,"ima_formula":182,"mindat_formula":182,"hmin":51,"hmax":105,"dmeas":183,"dcalc":184,"primary_image_id":185},322,"Ardennite-(As)","Orthorhombic","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(AlMg)(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.69","3.74",1765,{"id":187,"name":188,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":189,"mindat_formula":190,"hmin":51,"hmax":51,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":191,"primary_image_id":192},2968,"Okhotskite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>OH][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.40",18040,[],[195],{"id":196,"txt":197,"latitude":198,"longitude":199,"country":200},4543,"Praborna Mine, Servette-Chuc mining complex, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy",45.6794444,7.4494444,"Italy",221,[203,207,211,215,219,224,229,233,236,241,246,251,256,260,265,270,274,277,281,286,290,294,298,302,307,312,316,321,325,329,334,338],{"id":204,"year":205,"html":206,"doi":11},16120146,1803,"Cordier, L. (1803) Analyse du Mineral connu sous le nom de Mine de Manganese violet du Piemont, faite au Labratoire del'Ecole de Mines. Journal des mines: 13(74): 135-142.",{"id":208,"year":209,"html":210,"doi":11},16120147,1853,"Kenngott, A. (1853) Piemontit. in Das Mohs’sche Mineralsystem, Verlag und Druck (Wien): 74-75.",{"id":212,"year":213,"html":214,"doi":11},520146,1933,"Short, Allan M. (1933) A chemical and optical study of piedmontite from Shadow Lake, Madera Co., California. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  18 (11) 493-500 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM18\u002FAM18_493.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":216,"year":217,"html":218,"doi":11},16120149,1959,"Marmo, V., Neuvonen, K.J., Ojanperä, P. (1959) The piedmontites of piedmont (Italy), Kajlidongri (India), and Marampa (Sierra Leone). Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Findlande: 184: 11-20.",{"id":220,"year":221,"html":222,"doi":223},5696,1962,"(1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (258) 260-263 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1962.033.258.09'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1962.033.258.09\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_33\u002F33-258-260.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1962.033.258.09",{"id":225,"year":226,"html":227,"doi":228},2512325,1964,"STRENS, R. G. J. (1964) Synthesis and Properties of Piemontite. \u003Ci>Nature\u003C\u002Fi>, 201 (4915). 175-176 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002F201175a0'>doi:10.1038\u002F201175a0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1038\u002F201175a0",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":11},525172,1969,"Dollase, W. A. (1969) Crystal structure and cation ordering of piemontite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  54 (5-6) 710-717 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM54\u002FAM54_710.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":234,"year":231,"html":235,"doi":11},16102075,"Welin, E. (1969) Notes on the mineralogy of Sweden 6. X-ray powder data for minerals from Långban and the related mineral deposits of Central Sweden. \u003Ci>Arkiv för Mineralogi och Geologi\u003C\u002Fi>,  4 (6, nr 30). 499-541",{"id":237,"year":238,"html":239,"doi":240},3198,1980,"(1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (332) 1053-1055 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1980.043.332.17'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1980.043.332.17\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_43\u002F43-332-1053.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1980.043.332.17",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":245},161614,1983,"KAWACHI, YOSUKE, GRAPES, RODNEY H., COOMBS, DOUGLAS S., DOWSE, MARTIN (1983) Mineralogy and petrology of a piemontite-bearing schist, western Otago, New Zealand. \u003Ci>Journal of Metamorphic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  1 (4) 353-372 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1525-1314.1983.tb00280.x'>doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1525-1314.1983.tb00280.x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fj.1525-1314.1983.tb00280.x",{"id":247,"year":248,"html":249,"doi":250},495453,1984,"Ashley, P. M. (1984) Piemontite‐bearing rocks from the Olary District, South Australia. \u003Ci>Australian Journal of Earth Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  31 (2) 203-216 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F08120098408729292'>doi:10.1080\u002F08120098408729292\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1080\u002F08120098408729292",{"id":252,"year":253,"html":254,"doi":255},15719,1988,"Akasaka, M., Sakakibara, M., Togari, K. (1988) Piemontite from the manganiferous hematite ore deposits in the Tokoro Belt, Hokkaido, Japan. \u003Ci>Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (2) 105-116 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01164315'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01164315\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01164315",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":11},16120153,1989,"Catti, M., Ferraris, G., Ivaldi, G. (1989) On the crystal chemistry of strontian piemontite with some remarks on the nomenclature of the epidote group. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1989: 357-366.",{"id":261,"year":262,"html":263,"doi":264},126902,1992,"Bonazzi, Paola, Garbarino, Carlo, Menchetti, Silvio (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  4 (1) 23-34 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F4\u002F1\u002F0023'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F4\u002F1\u002F0023\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F4\u002F1\u002F0023",{"id":266,"year":267,"html":268,"doi":269},127124,1993,"Jiménez-Millán, Juan, Velilla, Nicolas (1993) Compositional variation of piemontites from different Mn-rich rock-types of the Iberian Massif (SW Spain) \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  5 (5) 961-970 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F5\u002F5\u002F0961'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F5\u002F5\u002F0961\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F5\u002F5\u002F0961",{"id":271,"year":272,"html":273,"doi":11},529739,1994,"Bonazzi, Paola, Menchetti, Silvio (1994) Structural variations induced by heat treatment in allanite and REE-bearing piemontite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (11-12) 1176-1184 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM79\u002FAM79_1176.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":275,"year":272,"html":276,"doi":11},16139130,"Bermanec, V., Armbruster, T., Oberhänsli, R. (1994) Crystal chemistry of Pb- and REE-rich piemontite from Nezilovo, Macedonia. \u003Ci>Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen\u003C\u002Fi>,  74. 321-328",{"id":278,"year":279,"html":280,"doi":11},16120157,1995,"Martin, L. (1995) Museo Regionale Di Scienze Naturali: 13: 103-126.",{"id":282,"year":283,"html":284,"doi":285},393483,1996,"Bonazzi, Paola, Menchetti, Silvio, Reinecke, Thomas (1996) Solid solution between piemontite and androsite-(La), a new mineral of the epidote group from Andros Island, Greece. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  81 (5) 735-742 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1996-5-620'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1996-5-620\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol81\u002FAM81_735.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1996-5-620",{"id":287,"year":283,"html":288,"doi":289},127442,"Della Ventura, Giancarlo, Mottana, Annibale, Parodi, Gian Carlo, Griffin, William L. (1996) FTIR spectroscopy in the OH-stretching region of monoclinic epidotes from Praborna (St. Marcel, Aosta valley, Italy) \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (4) 655-666 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F8\u002F4\u002F0655'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F8\u002F4\u002F0655\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F8\u002F4\u002F0655",{"id":291,"year":292,"html":293,"doi":11},16099858,1997,"Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., Zussman, J. (1997) \u003Ci>Rock-Forming Minerals\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.) Vol. 1b - Disilicates and Ring Silicates. The Geological Society.",{"id":295,"year":296,"html":297,"doi":11},16120161,2000,"Izadyar, J. (2000) Chemical compositon of piemontites and reaction relations of piemontite and spessartine in piemontite-quartz schists of central Shikoku, Sanbagawa metomorphic belt, Japan. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen: 80(2): 199-211.",{"id":299,"year":300,"html":301,"doi":11},16966716,2001,"(2001) Piemontite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fpiemontite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":303,"year":304,"html":305,"doi":306},116106,2002,"Langer, K., Tillmanns, E., Kersten, M., Almen, H., Arni, R. K. (2002) The crystal chemistry of Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup> in the clino- and orthozoisite structure types, Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>M\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>[OH|O|SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>|Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>]: A structural and spectroscopic study of some natural piemontites and “thulites” and their synthetic equivalents. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  217 (11). 563-580 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.217.11.563.20780'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.217.11.563.20780\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.217.11.563.20780",{"id":308,"year":309,"html":310,"doi":311},6702721,2004,"Liebscher, A. (2004) Spectroscopy of Epidote Minerals, in \u003Ci>Epidotes\u003C\u002Fi>. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  56. Mineralogical Society of America. 125-170 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fgsrmg.56.1.125'>doi:10.2138\u002Fgsrmg.56.1.125\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fgsrmg.56.1.125",{"id":313,"year":309,"html":314,"doi":315},6702729,"Bonazzi, P., Menchetti, S. (2004) Manganese in Monoclinic Members of the Epidote Group: Piemontite and Related Minerals. In \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 56. Mineralogical Society of America. p.495-552. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fgsrmg.56.1.495'>doi:10.2138\u002Fgsrmg.56.1.495\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fgsrmg.56.1.495",{"id":317,"year":318,"html":319,"doi":320},90133,2006,"NAGASHIMA, Mariko (2006) Hydrothermal syntheses of epidote and piemontites on the join Ca2Al2Fe3+Si3O12(OH)-Ca2Al2Mn3+Si3O12(OH) at relatively low pressures of 200-400 MPa. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  101 (1) 1-9 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.101.1'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.101.1\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp\u002Farticle\u002Fjmps\u002F101\u002F1\u002F101_1_1\u002F_pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.101.1",{"id":322,"year":318,"html":323,"doi":324},128569,"Armbruster, Thomas, Bonazzi, Paola, Akasaka, Masahide, Bermanec, Vladimir, Chopin, Christian, Gieré, Reto, Heuss-Assbichler, Soraya, Liebscher, Axel, Menchetti, Silvio, Pan, Yuanming, Pasero, Marco (2006) Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  18 (5) 551-567 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0551'>doi:10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0551\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0551",{"id":326,"year":327,"html":328,"doi":11},16120166,2007,"Izadyar, J. (2007) The analysis of paragenesis of Mn-Silicate bearing quartzites and schists in highly oxidized blueschist facies by Korzhinsky and Schrienemakers. Methods. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran: 18(3): 239-251.",{"id":330,"year":331,"html":332,"doi":333},90366,2010,"NAGASHIMA, Mariko, ARMBRUSTER, Thomas, AKASAKA, Masahide, MINAKAWA, Tetsuo (2010) Crystal chemistry of Mn2+-, Sr-rich and REE-bearing piemontite from the Kamisugai mine in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Shikoku, Japan. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  105 (3) 142-150 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.090709'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.090709\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp\u002Farticle\u002Fjmps\u002F105\u002F3\u002F105_090709\u002F_pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.090709",{"id":335,"year":331,"html":336,"doi":337},396566,"Nagashima, M., Akasaka, M. (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mössbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2Fe3+Si3O12(OH)-Ca2Al2Mn3+Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  95 (8-9). 1237-1246 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3418'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3418\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3418",{"id":339,"year":340,"html":341,"doi":342},15995868,2020,"NAGASHIMA, Mariko, SANO, Yuko, KOCHI, Takako, AKASAKA, Masahide, SANO–FURUKAWA, Asami (2020) Crystal chemistry of Sr–rich piemontite from manganese ore deposit of the Tone mine, Nishisonogi Peninsula, Nagasaki, southwest Japan. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  115 (5) 391-406 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.191122'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.191122\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.191122",[344,354,364,373,383,393,400,410,419,424,431,437,444,451,456,461,466,472,480,486,491,500,509,517,525,534,541],{"id":345,"source_url":346,"license_code":347,"credit_html":348,"title":349,"description":350,"author":351,"original_width":352,"original_height":353},19415,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9580857","CC BY 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9580857\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piémontite.jpg","Piemontite \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Deposite topotype - Prabornaz Mine (ex Praborna Mine), Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : (5 × 4.5 cm)\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",3116,3056,{"id":355,"source_url":356,"license_code":357,"credit_html":358,"title":359,"description":360,"author":361,"original_width":362,"original_height":363},74103,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6404052","CC BY-SA 3.0","Geologicharka, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6404052\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite schist.JPG","Piemontite schist, Museum of rocks and minerals, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade","Geologicharka",1024,768,{"id":365,"source_url":366,"license_code":357,"credit_html":367,"title":368,"description":369,"author":370,"original_width":371,"original_height":372},19416,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9910379","Aangelo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9910379\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite -St.Marcel, Aosta.JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPiemontite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Piemontite\">Piemontite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: St. Marcel, Aosta, Italy","Aangelo",2448,3264,{"id":374,"source_url":375,"license_code":376,"credit_html":377,"title":378,"description":379,"author":380,"original_width":381,"original_height":382},74104,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9912522","Public domain","Trtrtr, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9912522\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-Nagatoro,Saitama,Japan.jpg","piemontite","Trtrtr",1280,960,{"id":384,"source_url":385,"license_code":386,"credit_html":387,"title":388,"description":389,"author":390,"original_width":391,"original_height":392},74108,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720763","CC BY-SA 4.0","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720763\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 242 - Piémontite (Italie).jpg","Piémontite, en provenance d'Italie, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",2380,2112,{"id":394,"source_url":395,"license_code":386,"credit_html":396,"title":397,"description":389,"author":390,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},74109,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720764","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720764\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 243 - Piémontite (Italie).jpg",4272,2848,{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":403,"credit_html":404,"title":405,"description":406,"author":407,"original_width":408,"original_height":409},74110,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127073932","CC0 1.0","Patafisik, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127073932\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Museo - Sala delle rocce - castello di Saint-Pierre abc5 Piemontite.jpg","1) Piemontite. Provenienza: miniera di manganese di Praborna, a Saint-Marcel (AO)\nMuseo - Sala delle rocce - castello di Saint-Pierre, Valle d'Aosta, Italia.","Patafisik",2068,2765,{"id":411,"source_url":412,"license_code":386,"credit_html":413,"title":414,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":417,"original_height":418},74111,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229636","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229636\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 3.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPiemontit\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Piemontit\">Piemontit\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Fundort: Petropawlowsk-Kamtschatskiy, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKamtschatka\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Kamtschatka\">Kamtschatka\u003C\u002Fa>, Russland\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Gewicht: 405 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","J. Patrick Fischer",4624,2604,{"id":420,"source_url":421,"license_code":386,"credit_html":422,"title":423,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":417,"original_height":418},74112,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229637","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229637\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 2.jpg",{"id":425,"source_url":426,"license_code":386,"credit_html":427,"title":428,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":429,"original_height":430},74113,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229638","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229638\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 1.jpg",3748,2169,{"id":432,"source_url":433,"license_code":386,"credit_html":434,"title":435,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":436,"original_height":418},74114,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229639","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229639\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 5b.jpg",3233,{"id":438,"source_url":439,"license_code":386,"credit_html":440,"title":441,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":442,"original_height":443},74115,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229641","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229641\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 5.jpg",3135,2359,{"id":445,"source_url":446,"license_code":386,"credit_html":447,"title":448,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":449,"original_height":450},74116,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229643","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229643\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 6.jpg",2719,2152,{"id":452,"source_url":453,"license_code":386,"credit_html":454,"title":455,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":417,"original_height":418},74117,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229644","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229644\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 7.jpg",{"id":457,"source_url":458,"license_code":386,"credit_html":459,"title":460,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":417,"original_height":418},74118,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229646","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229646\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 8.jpg",{"id":462,"source_url":463,"license_code":386,"credit_html":464,"title":465,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":417,"original_height":418},74119,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229649","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157229649\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","28355 Piemontit 9.jpg",{"id":467,"source_url":468,"license_code":386,"credit_html":469,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":470,"original_height":471},30466,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F167291","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F167291\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,750,{"id":473,"source_url":474,"license_code":475,"credit_html":476,"title":477,"description":478,"author":479,"original_width":362,"original_height":363},19417,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31750382","CC BY 3.0","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31750382\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-540414.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPiemontite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Piemontite\">Piemontite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Leksvik Thulite Quarry, Hindremseter, Leksvik, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A 3.2 by 2.3 cms mass. JSS specimen and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":475,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":485,"author":479,"original_width":362,"original_height":363},19418,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31750513","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31750513\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-600401.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPiemontite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Piemontite\">Piemontite\u003C\u002Fa> (Size: 46 mm x 32 mm x 13 mm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mautia Hill, Kongwa, Dodoma Region, Tanzania\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Mass of Quartz with inclusions of tiny red crystals of Piemontite making it look like red Quartz. The vendor told that this is really a red Mn3+ bearing Epiodote in Quartz but Epidote is not listed for this locality. JSS specimen and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":487,"source_url":488,"license_code":475,"credit_html":489,"title":490,"description":485,"author":479,"original_width":362,"original_height":363},19419,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31750516","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31750516\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-600402.jpg",{"id":492,"source_url":493,"license_code":357,"credit_html":494,"title":495,"description":496,"author":497,"original_width":498,"original_height":499},74105,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154774","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154774\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-Quartz-Calcite-188379.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPiemontite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Piemontite\">Piemontite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKaolinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kaolinite\">Kaolinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: No. 5 shaft, Messina mine, Messina District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLimpopo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Limpopo\">Limpopo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-56867.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.1 x 3.0 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Piemontite is a rare, red epidote group silicate. This is a fine combination specimen from the famous No. 5 shaft at the Messina Mine of South Africa. Red piemontite microcrystals richly and preferentially cover three sides of a doubly terminated, sharply trigonal, transparent to translucent quartz crystal. Calcite crystals and kaolinite are additional, complimentary accessory minerals on the glassy quartz crystal. This is a fascinating doubly terminated quartz crystal, with one end being a sharp, single termination and the other end being multiply terminated. Ex. G.R. Glover Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",454,375,{"id":501,"source_url":502,"license_code":475,"credit_html":503,"title":504,"description":505,"author":506,"original_width":507,"original_height":508},19420,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31750580","Kelly Nash, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31750580\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-492844.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPiemontite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Piemontite\">Piemontite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Pine Mountain, Iron Springs, Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Cranberry red crystalline piemontite in quartz, field of view 4 mm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Kelly Nash",820,876,{"id":510,"source_url":511,"license_code":357,"credit_html":512,"title":513,"description":514,"author":497,"original_width":515,"original_height":516},74106,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169488","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169488\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-Zoisite-261789.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPiemontite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Piemontite\">Piemontite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZoisite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zoisite\">Zoisite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThulite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thulite\">Thulite\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Harding Mine (Harding pegmatite), Picuris District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTaos_County,_New_Mexico\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Taos County, New Mexico\">Taos County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_Mexico\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New Mexico\">New Mexico\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-13724.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.7 x 4.6 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This fine and rich specimen from the Harding Pegmatite of New Mexico features gemmy, dark cherry-red piemontite lathes in a layered matrix of pastel-pink thulite, quartz and piemontite crystals. Both of these species are relatively uncommon from this famous locale. Classic, rare, old-time material from the Mullane Collection and accompanied by a Burminco label with a March, 1952 date on it.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",500,600,{"id":162,"source_url":518,"license_code":347,"credit_html":519,"title":520,"description":521,"author":522,"original_width":523,"original_height":524},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=143580121","David Hospital, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=143580121\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-(Sr).jpg","Very nice purple crystal aggregates of the strontium and much rarer analogue of piemontite, strontiopiemontite (=Piemontite-(Sr), from: Gambatesa Mine, Reppia, Genova, Liguria, Italy. Ex Vandenbroucke Museum collection from Waregem, Belgium.","David Hospital",744,592,{"id":526,"source_url":527,"license_code":386,"credit_html":528,"title":529,"description":530,"author":531,"original_width":532,"original_height":533},74107,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44917246","Strekeisen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44917246\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite Epidote.JPG","Pink-yellow Piemontite (manganese rich epidote) crystals from Apuan Alps, Italy. Plane polarized light image, magnification 2x (Field of view = 7mm)","Strekeisen",5184,3456,{"id":535,"source_url":536,"license_code":357,"credit_html":537,"title":538,"description":514,"author":497,"original_width":539,"original_height":540},82800,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169489","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169489\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Piemontite-Zoisite-261790.jpg",400,336,{"id":542,"source_url":543,"license_code":386,"credit_html":544,"title":545,"description":546,"author":547,"original_width":548,"original_height":372},82808,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=77699220","Zbynek Burival, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=77699220\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pink tulite from Lia, Norway.jpg","Freshly found pink thulite with darker dots of piemontite from Lia, Norway.","Zbynek Burival",4928,[550,556,561,566,571],{"id":551,"url":552,"label":553,"formula":554,"spacegroup":555,"year":331},11234,"\u002Fcif\u002F11234.cif","Nagashima 2010 · Ca2 Al2.1 Fe.12 Mn.78 Si3 O13 H","Ca2 Al2.1 Fe.12 Mn.78 Si3 O13 H","P 1 21\u002Fm 1",{"id":557,"url":558,"label":559,"formula":560,"spacegroup":555,"year":331},11235,"\u002Fcif\u002F11235.cif","Nagashima 2010 · Ca2 Al2.15 Fe.12 Mn.73 Si3 O13 H","Ca2 Al2.15 Fe.12 Mn.73 Si3 O13 H",{"id":562,"url":563,"label":564,"formula":565,"spacegroup":555,"year":331},11236,"\u002Fcif\u002F11236.cif","Nagashima 2010 · Ca1.3 Mn1.13 Sr.19 La.03 Ce.05 Nd.02 Al1.83 Fe1.11 Si3 O12.87 H.87","Ca1.3 Mn1.13 Sr.19 La.03 Ce.05 Nd.02 Al1.83 Fe1.11 Si3 O12.87 H.87",{"id":567,"url":568,"label":569,"formula":570,"spacegroup":555,"year":309},11237,"\u002Fcif\u002F11237.cif","Nagashima 2004 · Ca2 Al2.54 Mn.46 Si3 O13 H","Ca2 Al2.54 Mn.46 Si3 O13 H",{"id":572,"url":573,"label":574,"formula":575,"spacegroup":555,"year":309},11238,"\u002Fcif\u002F11238.cif","Nagashima 2004 · Ca2 (Al2.25 Mn.75) Si3 O13 H","Ca2 (Al2.25 Mn.75) Si3 O13 H",[577,578,579,580,581],"Epidote Manganèsifère","Piedmontit","Piedmontita","Piedmontite","Piemontiet",[583,587,593,597,601,604,609,615,618,622,626,630,633,637,641,644,648,653],{"lang":584,"names":585},"ca",[586],"piemontita",{"lang":588,"names":589},"de",[590,591,592],"Mangan-Epidot","Manganepidot","Piemontit",{"lang":594,"names":595},"es",[596],"Piemontita",{"lang":598,"names":599},"et",[600],"piemontiit",{"lang":602,"names":603},"eu",[596],{"lang":605,"names":606},"fi",[607,608],"piedmontiitti","piemontiitti",{"lang":610,"names":611},"fr",[612,580,613,614],"Epidote manganésifère","Piémontite","Withamite",{"lang":616,"names":617},"it",[7],{"lang":619,"names":620},"ja",[621],"紅簾石",{"lang":623,"names":624},"ko",[625],"홍렴석",{"lang":627,"names":628},"nb",[629],"piemontitt",{"lang":631,"names":632},"nn",[629],{"lang":634,"names":635},"pl",[636],"Piemontyt",{"lang":638,"names":639},"sr",[640],"пијемонит",{"lang":642,"names":643},"sv",[592],{"lang":645,"names":646},"ta",[647],"பைமண்டைட்டு",{"lang":649,"names":650},"uk",[651,652],"П'ємонтит","П′ємонтит",{"lang":654,"names":655},"vi",[592],"Q425187",{"history":11,"applications":11}]