[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3299":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":14,"elements":15,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":21,"impurities":11,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":28,"strunz10ed3":29,"strunz10ed4":30,"dana8ed1":31,"dana8ed2":32,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":40,"c":41,"alpha":38,"beta":42,"gamma":38,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":43,"z":44,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":45,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":46,"tlform":11,"hmin":47,"hmax":48,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":38,"vhnmax":38,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":49,"dmeas2":50,"dcalc":51,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":52,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":53,"streak":54,"colour":55,"commentcolor":11,"colors":56,"streak_colors":61,"luminescence":11,"uv":62,"cleavage":63,"cleavagetype":64,"fracturetype":65,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":66,"opticalsign":67,"opticalalpha":68,"opticalalpha2":38,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":69,"opticalbeta2":38,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":70,"opticalgamma2":38,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":38,"opticalomega2":38,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":38,"opticalepsilon2":38,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":38,"opticaln2":38,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":71,"optical2vcalc2":38,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":72,"optical2vmeasured2":38,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":73,"rimax":74,"opticaldispersion":75,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":76,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":77,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":78,"type_specimen_store":79,"description_short":80,"aboutname":81,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":82,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":83,"group_members":84,"associates":85,"confused_with":174,"type_localities":190,"occurrence_total":197,"citations":198,"images":365,"structures":558,"synonyms":565,"language_names":593,"wikidata_qid":662,"texts":663},3299,"1:1:3299:1","a8cde9b1-c6e1-43c8-9635-a0cc7edaf779","Pseudomalachite","Pmlc",0,"mineral",null,13054,false,"Cu\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17,18,19],"Cu","O","P","H",[16,17,18,19],[16],"19.2.5",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1813","8","B","D","05","41","4","3","1","Monoclinic",5,14,"0","4.47","5.75","17.05","91.06",441.14,2,"On {100}.","Usually occurs as botryoidal crusts; hemispherical aggregates of microscopic crystals; sub-parallel aggregates with a drusy surface. Individual crystals are rare, prismatic [001], usually with uneven faces; small, tabular crystals (Manto Cuba Mine, Chile). Also occurs as reniform, botryoidal or massive with a radial-fibrous structure and concentric banding, the fibers elongated [010]; foliated; microcrystalline or dense; colloform.",4,4.5,"3.6","4.34","3.95","Vitreous","Translucent","Blue-green","Blue-green, green, dark green, green-black; green to bluish green in transmitted light.",[57,58,59,60],"green","blue","black","colorless",[58,57],"None.","Imperfect on the {010}.","Imperfect\u002FFair","Splintery,Conchoidal","Biaxial","-","1.791","1.856","1.867","42","48",1.791,1.867,"r > v perceptible","Z = b; X ∧ c = 21°–23°.","Soluble in acids.","Oxidized zones of copper deposits.","Technische Universität, Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany, T20591","A secondary mineral found in oxidized zones of copper deposits.\r\nThe phosphate analogue of Cornwallite.\r\nThe monoclinic polymorph of Ludjibaite; a monoclinic variant polymorph of Reichenbachite. More common than both polymorphs.\r\nMaybe be intergrown wi...","From the Greek ψευδής for \"false\" for its similarity to, but not being, malachite.","2025-08-11 12:14:23",[],[],[86,94,103,113,120,127,132,141,149,156,164],{"id":87,"name":88,"entrytype":44,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":89,"hmin":90,"hmax":91,"dmeas":92,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":93},960,"Chalcedony","SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,7,"2.6",87926,{"id":95,"name":96,"entrytype":9,"csystem":97,"ima_formula":98,"mindat_formula":99,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":100,"dcalc":101,"primary_image_id":102},945,"Chalcosiderite","Triclinic","CuFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CuFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.22","3.28",5242,{"id":104,"name":105,"entrytype":9,"csystem":106,"ima_formula":107,"mindat_formula":108,"hmin":109,"hmax":110,"dmeas":111,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":112},1040,"Chrysocolla","Orthorhombic","(Cu\u003Csub>2-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>)H\u003Csub>2-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csub>2-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>(H\u003Csub>2-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O, x \u003C 1",2.5,3.5,"1.93",5675,{"id":114,"name":115,"entrytype":9,"csystem":97,"ima_formula":116,"mindat_formula":116,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":117,"dcalc":118,"primary_image_id":119},1132,"Cornubite","Cu\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.64","4.85",6318,{"id":121,"name":122,"entrytype":9,"csystem":106,"ima_formula":123,"mindat_formula":123,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":124,"dcalc":125,"primary_image_id":126},2394,"Libethenite","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","3.97","3.972",14469,{"id":128,"name":129,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":130,"mindat_formula":130,"hmin":110,"hmax":47,"dmeas":49,"dcalc":32,"primary_image_id":131},2550,"Malachite","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",30149,{"id":133,"name":134,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":135,"mindat_formula":136,"hmin":44,"hmax":137,"dmeas":138,"dcalc":139,"primary_image_id":140},2801,"Mrázekite","Bi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Bi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3,"4.90","5.00",16824,{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":144,"ima_formula":145,"mindat_formula":145,"hmin":110,"hmax":47,"dmeas":146,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":148},3320,"Pyromorphite","Hexagonal","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","7.04","7.109",20271,{"id":150,"name":151,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":152,"mindat_formula":152,"hmin":110,"hmax":110,"dmeas":153,"dcalc":154,"primary_image_id":155},3912,"Tenorite","CuO","6.45","6.515",30811,{"id":157,"name":158,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":159,"mindat_formula":160,"hmin":110,"hmax":47,"dmeas":161,"dcalc":162,"primary_image_id":163},4176,"Veszelyite","(Cu,Zn)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Cu,Zn)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.4","3.42",27429,{"id":165,"name":166,"entrytype":9,"csystem":167,"ima_formula":168,"mindat_formula":169,"hmin":170,"hmax":170,"dmeas":171,"dcalc":172,"primary_image_id":173},4386,"Zapatalite","Tetragonal","Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"3.016","3.017",28661,[175,180,185],{"id":176,"name":177,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":116,"mindat_formula":116,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":178,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":179},1133,"Cornwallite","4.17",6326,{"id":181,"name":182,"entrytype":9,"csystem":97,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":38,"dcalc":183,"primary_image_id":184},2451,"Ludjibaite","4.36",14832,{"id":186,"name":187,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":110,"hmax":110,"dmeas":38,"dcalc":188,"primary_image_id":189},3385,"Reichenbachite","4.35",20697,[191],{"id":192,"txt":193,"latitude":194,"longitude":195,"country":196},1871,"Virneberg Mine, Rheinbreitbach, Unkel, Neuwied, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany",50.6177778,7.2494444,"Germany",399,[199,202,206,210,214,218,222,226,229,233,237,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,270,274,278,282,286,290,295,299,302,306,310,314,319,324,328,333,337,341,346,351,356,360],{"id":200,"year":11,"html":201,"doi":11},16120770,"Wallerius (as Kupfergrün, in part).",{"id":203,"year":204,"html":205,"doi":11},16120771,1801,"Klaproth (1801) Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, N. Schr.: 3: 304 (as Phosphorsaures Kupfer).",{"id":207,"year":208,"html":209,"doi":11},16120772,1808,"Karsten, D.L.G. (1808) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. second edition: 64, 97 (as Phosphorkupfer).",{"id":211,"year":212,"html":213,"doi":11},16132478,1809,"Haüy, René Just  (1809) \u003Ci>Tableau comparatif des résultats de la Cristallographie et de l'analyse Chimique, relativement a la Classification des Minéraux.\u003C\u002Fi>.  Chez Courcier, Paris.",{"id":215,"year":216,"html":217,"doi":11},17557205,1813,"Hausmann, Johann Friedrich Ludwig (1813) \u003Ci>Handbuch der Mineralogie\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.). Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fhandbuchdermine01hausgoog\u002Fhandbuchdermine01hausgoog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":219,"year":220,"html":221,"doi":11},16120775,1831,"Glocker, E.F. (1831) Handbuch der Mineralogie, Nürnberg: 847 (as Phosphorocalcit).",{"id":223,"year":224,"html":225,"doi":11},16120777,1832,"Breithaupt, A. (1832) Vollständige Characteristik etc. 2nd. Ed.: 45, 49 (as Ehlit, Prasin, Prasin-chalzit).",{"id":227,"year":224,"html":228,"doi":11},18530121,"Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) \u003Ci>Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition]\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume  II]. Chez Verdière. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":11},16120778,1839,"Bernhardi in: Glocker, E.F. (1839) Handbuch der Mineralogie, 2nd. edition, Nürnberg: 578 (as Lunnit).",{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":11},16120779,1844,"Kühn (1844) Annalen der Chemie, Leipzig (Justus Liebig’s): 51: 125 (as Kupfer-diaspore).",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":11},16120780,1846,"Hermann, R. (1846) Untersuchungen russischer Mineralien. Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 37(1): 175-193. (178 as dihyrite, 184 as tagilith)",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},16120781,1855,"Heddle, M.F. (1855) Analysis of lunnite from Cornwall. Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 10(63): 39-39. (as lunnite)",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":11},16120782,1859,"Field (1859) Gazzetta chimica italiana, Rome: 17: 225 (as Tagilite).",{"id":250,"year":251,"html":252,"doi":11},16120783,1865,"Breithaupt (1865) Berg.- und hüttenmännisches Zeitung, Freiberg, Leipzig (merged into Glückauf): 24: 301 (as Tagilite).",{"id":254,"year":255,"html":256,"doi":11},16120784,1880,"Schrauf, A. (1880) Lieber Phosphorkupfererze. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials: 4: 1-33.",{"id":258,"year":259,"html":260,"doi":11},7367189,1910,"Lacroix, A. (1910) \u003Ci>Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org\u002Fitempdf\u002F225322' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":262,"year":263,"html":264,"doi":11},4468627,1918,"(1918) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5 - Text - Band V - Kainit-Margarosanit. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":266,"year":267,"html":268,"doi":269},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":271,"year":272,"html":273,"doi":11},16120788,1922,"Cesàro, G., Bellière, M. (1922) Sur le diaspore, la libéthénite et quelques autres minéraux du Katanga. Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Annales: 45: 172-182.",{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":11},16120789,1930,"Barth and Berman (1930) Chemie der Erde, Jena: 5: 22.",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":11},16120790,1933,"Hintze, Carl (1933) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4B]: 880, 1093, 1101.",{"id":283,"year":284,"html":285,"doi":11},521995,1950,"Berry, L. G. (1950) On pseudomalachite and cornetite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  35 (5-6) 365-385 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM35\u002FAM35_365.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":287,"year":288,"html":289,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":291,"year":292,"html":293,"doi":294},400939,1956,"Guillemin, Claude (1956) Contribution à la minéralogie des arséniates, phosphates et vanadates de cuivre. II. — Phosphates et vanadates de cuivre. \u003Ci>Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (4). 219-275 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1956.5073'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1956.5073\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1956.5073",{"id":296,"year":297,"html":298,"doi":11},526795,1977,"Anderson, James B., Shoemaker, Gerald L., Kostiner, Edward, Ruszala, F. A. (1977) The crystal structure of synthetic Cu\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>, a polymorph of pseudomalachite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  62 (1-2) 115-121 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM62\u002FAM62_115.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":300,"year":297,"html":301,"doi":11},526940,"Shoemaker, Gerald L., Anderson, James B., Kostiner, Edward (1977) Refinement of the crystal structure of pseudomalachite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  62 (9-10) 1042-1048 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM62\u002FAM62_1042.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":303,"year":304,"html":305,"doi":11},527565,1981,"Shoemaker, Gerald L., Kostiner, Edward (1981) Polymorphism in Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  66 (1-2) 176-181 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM66\u002FAM66_176.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":307,"year":308,"html":309,"doi":11},16120797,1984,"Wappler, G. (1984) On so-called tagilite from Ullersreuth. Zeitschrift Geol. Wiss.: 12: 705-709. (in German, tagilite=pseudomalachite)",{"id":311,"year":312,"html":313,"doi":11},528517,1988,"Jambor, John L.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Ercit, T. Scott; Grice, Joel D.; Grew, Edward S. (1988) New mineral names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  73 (7-8). 927-935 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM73\u002FAM73_927.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":315,"year":316,"html":317,"doi":318},2052,1994,"Braithwaite, R. S. W., Ryback, G. (1994) Reichenbachite from Cornwall and Portugal. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  58 (392) 449-454 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1994.058.392.09'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1994.058.392.09\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_58\u002F58-392-449.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1994.058.392.09",{"id":320,"year":321,"html":322,"doi":323},2421918,2002,"Frost, Ray L., Williams, Peter A., Martens, Wayde, Kloprogge, J. Theo, Leverett, Peter (2002) Raman spectroscopy of the basic copper phosphate minerals cornetite, libethenite, pseudomalachite, reichenbachite and ludjibaite. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 33 (4). 260-263 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.850'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.850\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.850",{"id":325,"year":321,"html":326,"doi":327},16386499,"Frost, Ray L, Kloprogge, Theo, Williams, Peter A, Martens, Wayde, Johnson, Therese E, Leverett, Peter (2002) Vibrational spectroscopy of the basic copper phosphate minerals: pseudomalachite, ludjibaite and reichenbachite. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 58 (13) 2861-2868 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs1386-1425(02)00034-3'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs1386-1425(02)00034-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs1386-1425(02)00034-3",{"id":329,"year":330,"html":331,"doi":332},394671,2003,"Martens, Wayde, Frost, Ray L. (2003) An infrared spectroscopic study of the basic copper phosphate minerals: Cornetite, libethenite, and pseudomalachite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  88 (1) 37-46 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2003-0105'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2003-0105\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2003-0105",{"id":334,"year":330,"html":335,"doi":336},149472,"Martens, Wayde N., Frost, Ray L., Williams, Peter A. (2003) The basic copper phosphate minerals pseudomalachite, ludjibaite and reichenbachite: an infrared emission and Raman spectroscopic study. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte\u003C\u002Fi>,  2003 (8) 337-362 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0028-3649\u002F2003\u002F2003-0337'>doi:10.1127\u002F0028-3649\u002F2003\u002F2003-0337\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0028-3649\u002F2003\u002F2003-0337",{"id":338,"year":339,"html":340,"doi":11},16966839,2005,"(2005) Pseudomalachite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fpseudomalachite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":342,"year":343,"html":344,"doi":345},16395602,2014,"Kharbish, Sherif, Andráš, Peter, Luptáková, Jarmila, Milovská, Stanislava (2014) Raman spectra of oriented and non-oriented Cu hydroxy-phosphate minerals: Libethenite, cornetite, pseudomalachite, reichenbachite and ludjibaite. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 130. 152-163 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.01.144'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.01.144\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.01.144",{"id":347,"year":348,"html":349,"doi":350},65289,2015,"Majzlan, Juraj, Zittlau, Arne H., Grevel, Klaus-Dieter, Schliesser, Jacob, Woodfield, Brian F., Dachs, Edgar, Števko, Martin, Chovan, Martin, Plášil, Jakub, Sejkora, Jiří, Milovská, Stanislava (2015) Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Equilibria of the Secondary Copper Minerals Libethenite, Olivenite, Pseudomalachite, Kröhnkite, Cyanochroite, and Devilline. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (5) 937-960 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400066'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400066\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400066",{"id":352,"year":353,"html":354,"doi":355},16115615,2016,"Krivovichev, Sergey V., Zolotarev, Andrey A., Popova, Valentina I. (2016) Hydrogen bonding and structural complexity in the Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 polymorphs (pseudomalachite, ludjibaite, reichenbachite): combined experimental and theoretical study. \u003Ci>Structural Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  27 (6). 1715-1723 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11224-016-0820-z'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs11224-016-0820-z\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs11224-016-0820-z",{"id":357,"year":353,"html":358,"doi":359},129501,"Ciesielczuk, Justyna, Janeczek, Janusz, Dulski, Mateusz, Krzykawski, Tomasz (2016) Pseudomalachite–cornwallite and kipushite–philipsburgite solid solutions: chemical composition and Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (3) 555-569 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2016\u002F0028-2536'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2016\u002F0028-2536\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2016\u002F0028-2536",{"id":361,"year":362,"html":363,"doi":364},65589,2019,"Makovicky, Emil (2019) The pseudomalachite-ludjibaite-reichenbachite conundrum: OD description. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  57 (5) 571-581 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1900016'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1900016\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1900016",[366,376,383,391,396,406,414,422,430,436,445,451,460,467,475,484,494,500,508,516,523,530,537,544,551],{"id":367,"source_url":368,"license_code":369,"credit_html":370,"title":371,"description":372,"author":373,"original_width":374,"original_height":375},20110,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159627","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159627\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-203258.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mednorudyanskoye Cu Deposit, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNizhny_Tagil\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nizhny Tagil\">Nizhnii Tagil\u003C\u002Fa>, Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2804.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.3 x 6.0 x 5.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An old-time and showy specimen of sparkly, bubbly, botryoidal pseudomalachite richly filling two vugs on the sculptural, conical-shaped gossan matrix from a classic Russian locality - Nizhnii Tagil, Urals Region. This material was originally named tagalite in 1846, but later determined to be pseudomalacite. Accompanied by an old label, torn in two: Augustus Krantz label dating from 1850 to 1888. The collection this came out of was a museum stash dating to prior to World War I.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",564,700,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":379,"credit_html":380,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":381,"original_height":382},30528,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F167285","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F167285\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,750,{"id":384,"source_url":385,"license_code":369,"credit_html":386,"title":387,"description":388,"author":373,"original_width":389,"original_height":390},20111,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174053","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174053\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-289096.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Luiswishi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLubumbashi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lubumbashi\">Lubumbashi (Elizabethville)\u003C\u002Fa>, Southern area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4332.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.2 x 6.6 x 4.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Pseudomalachite is a phosphate and not a carbonate like \"plain\" malachite is - and is very rare, and often misidentified or simply not recognized at all by those who do not know. However, in person, material from at least this locality has a subtly different color and texture than malachite which also occurs here. This is a large, display-quality example of this relatively rare species, from one of the most important of localities for it. The biggest and best, most intensely colored material has come from here. It has a very pleasing, botryoidal, thickly layered growth of Pseudomalachite nicely perched on contrasting matrix. The thickness is over 1 cm in places, and you can see this from the sides. From an old German collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",768,836,{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":379,"credit_html":394,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":381,"original_height":395},30529,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61712","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61712\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",749,{"id":397,"source_url":398,"license_code":399,"credit_html":400,"title":401,"description":402,"author":403,"original_width":404,"original_height":405},75566,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8972370","Public domain","Strickja, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8972370\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite.jpg","Pseudomalachite from Tottenham, New South Wales, Australia.  Specimen size 4.3 cm","Strickja",2029,1477,{"id":407,"source_url":408,"license_code":369,"credit_html":409,"title":410,"description":411,"author":373,"original_width":412,"original_height":413},20112,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10461865","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10461865\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-rh3-25b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMorenci\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Morenci\">Morenci\u003C\u002Fa>, Copper Mountain District (Clifton-Morenci District), Shannon Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreenlee_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Greenlee County, Arizona\">Greenlee County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3341.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.9 x 5.3 x 4.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A druse of vivid, bright green, spherules, of pseudomalachite, covers the nooks and crannies of brown, blocky, limonite. This green color is more intense than that of malachite. One is a phosphate, the other carbonate....don't confuse the rare with the common!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,331,{"id":415,"source_url":416,"license_code":369,"credit_html":417,"title":418,"description":419,"author":373,"original_width":420,"original_height":421},20113,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10477132","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10477132\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-tuc1064a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Luiswishi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLubumbashi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lubumbashi\">Lubumbashi (Elizabethville)\u003C\u002Fa>, Southern area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4332.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.2 x 6.6 x 4.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>NOTE THAT Pseudomalachite is a PHOSPHATE and not a carbonate like \"plain\" malachite is - and is very rare, and often misidentified or simply not recognized at all by those who do not know. However, in person, material from at least this locality has a subtly different color and texture than malachite which also occurs here. This is a large, display-quality example of this relatively rare species, from one of the most important of localities for it. The biggest and best, most intensely colored material has come from here. It has a very pleasing, botryoidal , thickly layered growth of Pseudomalachite nicely perched on contrasting matrix. The thickness is over 1 cm in places, and you can see this from the sides. Impressive display quality specimen, From an old German collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1653,1800,{"id":423,"source_url":424,"license_code":369,"credit_html":425,"title":426,"description":427,"author":373,"original_width":428,"original_height":429},75568,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10125869","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10125869\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-36999.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Podlipa and Reinera Mines, Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt, Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBansk%C3%A1_Bystrica_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Banská Bystrica Region\">Banská Bystrica Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Slovakia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3054.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a classic example of this relatively rare species, from one of the most important old localities for it. It has a very pleasing, botryoidal, multihued growth of Pseudomalachite nicely framed by contrasting matrix. 9 x 6.4 x 3.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,450,{"id":431,"source_url":432,"license_code":369,"credit_html":433,"title":434,"description":419,"author":373,"original_width":421,"original_height":435},20114,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10477134","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10477134\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-tuc1064b.jpg",1642,{"id":437,"source_url":438,"license_code":369,"credit_html":439,"title":440,"description":441,"author":442,"original_width":443,"original_height":444},20115,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866524","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866524\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-108713.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tyrone Mine, Tyrone Area, Burro Mountains District, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Field of view 5 mm. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",791,531,{"id":446,"source_url":447,"license_code":369,"credit_html":448,"title":449,"description":441,"author":442,"original_width":443,"original_height":450},20116,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866525","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866525\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-108714.jpg",581,{"id":452,"source_url":453,"license_code":379,"credit_html":454,"title":455,"description":456,"author":457,"original_width":458,"original_height":459},20117,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39321814","Ivtorov, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39321814\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-Ehlite.jpg","Pseudomalachite, Ehlite","Ivtorov",845,687,{"id":461,"source_url":462,"license_code":369,"credit_html":463,"title":464,"description":465,"author":373,"original_width":466,"original_height":428},75572,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159870","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159870\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-206076.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Katerina Mine (Katrina; Catherin; Caterina), Hiriart Mountain (Heriart; Heriot; Hiriat Hill), Pala District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-9684.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 4 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A reference specimen of this species, simply for the locality value (where it was not expected to be found). Ex. Irv Brown Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",566,{"id":468,"source_url":469,"license_code":369,"credit_html":470,"title":471,"description":472,"author":373,"original_width":473,"original_height":474},75573,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159871","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159871\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-206078.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMorenci\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Morenci\">Morenci\u003C\u002Fa>, Copper Mountain District (Clifton-Morenci District), Shannon Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreenlee_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Greenlee County, Arizona\">Greenlee County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3341.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.9 x 5.3 x 4.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A druse of vivid, bright green, spherules, of pseudomalachite, covers the nooks and crannies of brown, blocky, limonite. This green color is more intense than that of malachite. Pseudomalachite is a phosphate, malachite is a carbonate. Ex. Richard Hauck Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",635,800,{"id":476,"source_url":477,"license_code":379,"credit_html":478,"title":479,"description":480,"author":481,"original_width":482,"original_height":483},75577,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82965147","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82965147\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202270 photo (g27 g27-620 1 jpg).jpg","\"pseudomalahhiit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65303\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202270\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",3031,2480,{"id":485,"source_url":486,"license_code":487,"credit_html":488,"title":489,"description":490,"author":491,"original_width":492,"original_height":493},75578,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84575105","CC BY-SA 2.0","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84575105\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 (13403785043).jpg","\u003Cp>pseudomalachite Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4\nlocality: Ľubietová, Slovakia\nphoto (c) 2013 Jan Helebrant\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.webnode.cz\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.webnode.cz\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.juhele.webnode.cz<\u002Fa>","Jan Helebrant",4000,3000,{"id":495,"source_url":496,"license_code":487,"credit_html":497,"title":498,"description":499,"author":491,"original_width":492,"original_height":493},75579,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84575877","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84575877\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 (29601082844).jpg","\u003Cp>pseudomalachite Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4\nlocality: Ľubietová, Slovakia\nphoto (c) 2016 Jan Helebrant\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.webnode.cz\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.webnode.cz\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.juhele.webnode.cz<\u002Fa>",{"id":501,"source_url":502,"license_code":379,"credit_html":503,"title":504,"description":505,"author":506,"original_width":507,"original_height":428},75580,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=128862910","Mineralysk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=128862910\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","1057 Pseudomalachit - Podlipa.jpg","1057 Pseudomalachit - Podlipa","Mineralysk",987,{"id":509,"source_url":510,"license_code":379,"credit_html":511,"title":512,"description":513,"author":506,"original_width":514,"original_height":515},75581,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129344773","Mineralysk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129344773\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","1071 Pseudomalachit - Podlipa.jpg","1071 Pseudomalachit - Podlipa",1019,599,{"id":517,"source_url":518,"license_code":379,"credit_html":519,"title":520,"description":521,"author":506,"original_width":522,"original_height":428},75582,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=133346725","Mineralysk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=133346725\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","1197 Pseudomalachit - Podlipa.jpg","1197 Pseudomalachit - Podlipa",869,{"id":524,"source_url":525,"license_code":369,"credit_html":526,"title":527,"description":528,"author":373,"original_width":428,"original_height":529},75567,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124325","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124325\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-Cerussite-34324.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCerussite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cerussite\">Cerussite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Broken Hill Proprietary Mine (Proprietary Mine; BHP Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBroken_Hill,_New_South_Wales\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Broken Hill, New South Wales\">Broken Hill\u003C\u002Fa>, Yancowinna County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_South_Wales\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New South Wales\">New South Wales\u003C\u002Fa>, Australia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6765.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a really interesting and sculptural combination specimen featuring a thick arborescent cluster of pseudomalachite balls overlaying cerussite. A classy piece, that is most unusual in visual aspect! 4 x 3.8 x 2.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",591,{"id":531,"source_url":532,"license_code":369,"credit_html":533,"title":534,"description":535,"author":373,"original_width":536,"original_height":428},75569,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138019","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138019\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-Quartz-76708.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Old Gunnislake Mine, Gunnislake Area, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCallenberg\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Callenberg\">Callington District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornwall\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornwall\">Cornwall\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEngland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:England\">England\u003C\u002Fa>, UK (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-882.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A crystal druse of lustrous, emerald green, pseudomalachite has formed on colorless, quartz crystals, to 2.5 cm in length. This is an oldtime specimen from the heart of Cornwall. Most unusual - I have not seen another 6.2 x 4.6 x 2.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",542,{"id":538,"source_url":539,"license_code":369,"credit_html":540,"title":541,"description":542,"author":373,"original_width":474,"original_height":543},75570,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147640","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147640\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-Chrysocolla-160216.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChrysocolla\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chrysocolla\">Chrysocolla\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mt Glorious Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCloncurry,_Queensland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cloncurry, Queensland\">Cloncurry\u003C\u002Fa>, Cloncurry District, Mt Isa - Cloncurry area, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQueensland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Queensland\">Queensland\u003C\u002Fa>, Australia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-135.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.3 x 5.1 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Pseudomalachite is a phosphate, NOT a carbonate like malachite, and the two are often mixed up in favor of malachite. This is an excellent, showy, display-sized specimen from this famous occurrence, one of the great classic finds for the species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",793,{"id":545,"source_url":546,"license_code":369,"credit_html":547,"title":548,"description":549,"author":373,"original_width":412,"original_height":550},75574,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10419390","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10419390\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomalachite-Quartz-t5070b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Rheinbreitenbach, Rhineland, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.1 x 3.4 x 3.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Pseudomalachite on Chalcedony\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very showy and interesting, historic specimen of this rare copper PHOSPHATE, not to be confused with much more common malachite (a copper carbonate!). This is very old material. 4.1 x 3.4 x 3.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",379,{"id":552,"source_url":553,"license_code":369,"credit_html":554,"title":555,"description":556,"author":373,"original_width":412,"original_height":557},75576,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10467201","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10467201\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cerussite-Pseudomalachite-tr528a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCerussite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cerussite\">Cerussite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomalachite\">Pseudomalachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBroken_Hill,_New_South_Wales\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Broken Hill, New South Wales\">Broken Hill\u003C\u002Fa>, Yancowinna County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_South_Wales\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New South Wales\">New South Wales\u003C\u002Fa>, Australia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-72.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4 x 3.8 x 2.7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Pseudomalachite with Cerussite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a really interesting and sculptural combination specimen featuring a thick arborescent cluster of pseudomalachite balls overlaying cerussite. A classy piece, that is most unusual in visual aspect! NOTE THAT Pseudomalachite is a PHOSPHATE and not a carbonate like \"plain\" malachite is.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",394,[559],{"id":560,"url":561,"label":562,"formula":563,"spacegroup":564,"year":297},11547,"\u002Fcif\u002F11547.cif","Shoemaker 1977","Cu5 P2 O12 H4","P 1 21\u002Fc 1",[566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592],"Cuivre Phosphaté","Dihydrite","Ehlit","Ehlite","Hypoleimme","Kupfer-Diaspor","Kupfer-diaspore","Lunnit","Phosphate of Copper","phosphochalcite","Phosphor-kupfererz","Phosphorchalcit","Phosphorchalcite","Phosphorkupfer","Phosphorocalcit","Phosphorochalcit","Phosphorokalzit","Phosphorsaures Kupfer","Phosphorsaures Kupferoxyd","Prasin","Prasin-chalzit","Pseudomalaquite","Rhenit","Rhenite","Tagilite","Tagilith","Ypoléime",[594,598,602,605,609,613,616,621,625,629,632,636,640,644,647,651,655,658],{"lang":595,"names":596},"ast",[597],"Pseudomalaquita",{"lang":599,"names":600},"be-tarask",[601],"Псэўдамаляхіт",{"lang":603,"names":604},"be-x-old",[601],{"lang":606,"names":607},"ca",[608],"pseudomalaquita",{"lang":610,"names":611},"de",[612],"Pseudomalachit",{"lang":614,"names":615},"es",[597],{"lang":617,"names":618},"et",[619,620],"eliit","pseudomalahhiit",{"lang":622,"names":623},"eu",[624],"Pseudomalachita",{"lang":626,"names":627},"fa",[628],"سودومالاکیت",{"lang":630,"names":631},"it",[7],{"lang":633,"names":634},"ja",[635],"シュードマラカイト",{"lang":637,"names":638},"nb",[639],"pseudomalakitt",{"lang":641,"names":642},"nl",[643],"pseudomalachiet",{"lang":645,"names":646},"nn",[639],{"lang":648,"names":649},"pl",[612,650],"Trombolit",{"lang":652,"names":653},"ru",[654],"Псевдомалахит",{"lang":656,"names":657},"sk",[612],{"lang":659,"names":660},"uk",[661],"Псевдомалахіт","Q2479376",{"history":664,"applications":668},{"markdown":665,"model_version":666,"prompt_version":667,"reviewed_at":11},"The name is a confession of mistaken identity. **Pseudomalachite** joins the Greek *pseudes* — false — to the name of malachite, the deep-green copper mineral it so closely resembles[1]. The two look almost alike: both are green crusts that form where copper ore meets air and water. But malachite is a carbonate, a copper mineral built around carbon and oxygen, while pseudomalachite is a phosphate, built around phosphorus instead[1]. Drop a little acid on malachite and it fizzes; pseudomalachite stays quiet. The name records the resemblance and the warning in one word.\n\nThe mineral was first recognised in 1813. Its defining specimens came from the Virneberg Mine at Rheinbreitbach, in the Westerwald hills of western Germany[2]. That original material is still kept at the Mining Academy in Freiberg[2].\n\nFor more than a century afterward, the same green phosphate kept being described under different names. Specimens were catalogued as dihydrite, lunnite, ehlite, tagilite, and prasin, each treated as a separate species. In 1950 the mineralogist L. G. Berry examined samples bearing all these labels, drawn from several museum collections, and showed that every one of them was simply pseudomalachite[3]. Five names collapsed into one.","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":669,"model_version":666,"prompt_version":667,"reviewed_at":11},"Pseudomalachite has no industrial use of its own. It forms only as a secondary mineral in the oxidised zones of copper ore deposits — the weathered upper layers where copper has reacted with air and water[1]. Where it occurs, it is a copper-bearing mineral, so it adds in a small way to the copper an ore yields. But it never gathers in the quantities a mine would target, and nothing is extracted for it specifically. Its main draw is for collectors, who prize its deep green crusts."]