[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3441":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":14,"elements":15,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":21,"impurities":11,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":11,"strunz10ed1":26,"strunz10ed2":27,"strunz10ed3":28,"strunz10ed4":29,"dana8ed1":30,"dana8ed2":31,"dana8ed3":32,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":34,"cclass":35,"spacegroup":11,"spacegroupset":36,"a":37,"b":38,"c":39,"alpha":36,"beta":40,"gamma":36,"aerror":41,"berror":42,"cerror":41,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":41,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":43,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":44,"twinning":45,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":11,"hmin":35,"hmax":46,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":36,"vhnmax":36,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":36,"dmeas2":36,"dcalc":36,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":47,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":11,"streak":48,"colour":49,"commentcolor":11,"colors":50,"streak_colors":54,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":36,"opticalalpha2":36,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":36,"opticalbeta2":36,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":36,"opticalgamma2":36,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":36,"opticalomega2":36,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":36,"opticalepsilon2":36,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":36,"opticaln2":36,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":36,"optical2vcalc2":36,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":36,"optical2vmeasured2":36,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":55,"aboutname":56,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":57,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":58,"group_members":59,"associates":60,"confused_with":80,"type_localities":81,"occurrence_total":88,"citations":89,"images":127,"structures":368,"synonyms":375,"language_names":382,"wikidata_qid":426,"texts":427},3441,"1:1:3441:4","11f356b3-9316-446a-b250-564117ee6d20","Romanèchite","Rmn",0,"mineral",null,2757,false,"(Ba,H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17,18,19],"Ba","Mn","O","H",[16,17,18],[16],"7.4.18",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","4","D","K","10","7","9","2","1","Monoclinic",5,"0","13.929","2.8459","9.678","92.39",1,4,2,"Space group C2\u002Fm","Sagenite-like twinning of acicular to prismatic crystals has been observed.",6,"Sub-Metallic,Dull","Black, brown","Greyish black, black",[51,52,53],"black","gray","brown",[51,53],"Chemically similar to hollandite.\r\nMay be confused with members of the Cryptomelane Group.","Named after its discovery locality, Romanèche, Saône-et-Loir, France.","2026-03-12 16:45:20",[],[],[61,71],{"id":62,"name":63,"entrytype":9,"csystem":64,"ima_formula":65,"mindat_formula":65,"hmin":66,"hmax":67,"dmeas":68,"dcalc":69,"primary_image_id":70},2566,"Manjiroite","Tetragonal","Na(Mn\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>",3,3.5,"4.29","4.23",15402,{"id":72,"name":73,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":74,"mindat_formula":75,"hmin":76,"hmax":76,"dmeas":77,"dcalc":78,"primary_image_id":79},3988,"Todorokite","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3-4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·3-4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"3.67","3.65",24311,[],[82],{"id":83,"txt":84,"latitude":85,"longitude":86,"country":87},1736,"Manganese deposit, Romanèche-Thorens, La Chapelle-de-Guinchay, Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France",46.1888889,4.7336111,"France",306,[90,94,98,102,105,109,114,118,122],{"id":91,"year":92,"html":93,"doi":11},16111519,1828,"Turner, E. (1828) Chemical examination of the oxides of manganese. Part II. On the composition of the ores of manganese described by Mr. Haidinger. The Philosophical Magazine: 4: 96-104.",{"id":95,"year":96,"html":97,"doi":11},16122090,1910,"Lacroix (1910): 4: 6.",{"id":99,"year":100,"html":101,"doi":11},16122091,1931,"Zambonini F., Cagliotti V. (1931) Nuove ricerche sulla composizione chimica della romanechite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma: 73-80.",{"id":103,"year":100,"html":104,"doi":11},18730816,"Zambonini, F.; Caglioti, V. (1931) Nouvelles recherches sur la composition chimique de la romanèchite [New research on the chemical composition of romanèchite]. \u003Ci>Comptes Rendus des Séances hebdomadaires de l'Académie des Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  192 (1). 750-753",{"id":106,"year":107,"html":108,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":110,"year":111,"html":112,"doi":113},74325,1976,"Perseil, E. A.; Pinet, M. (1976) Contribution à la connaissance des romanèchites et des cryptomélanes - coronadites - hollandites. Traits essentiels et paragenèses. \u003Ci>Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  55 (2). 191-204 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00372226'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00372226\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00372226",{"id":115,"year":116,"html":117,"doi":11},528542,1988,"Turner, Shirley, Post, Jeffrey E. (1988) Refinement of the substructure and superstructure of romanechite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  73 (9-10) 1155-1161 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM73\u002FAM73_1155.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":119,"year":120,"html":121,"doi":11},16967033,2005,"(2005) Romanèchite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fromanechite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":123,"year":124,"html":125,"doi":126},16884400,2023,"Chubarov, Victor M. (2023) New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (10). 1329 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin13101329'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin13101329\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin13101329",[128,135,145,154,163,171,178,188,197,205,212,221,228,235,243,250,259,268,277,286,293,301,308,315,322,329,338,347,353,359],{"id":129,"source_url":130,"license_code":131,"credit_html":132,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":133,"original_height":134},30630,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166703","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166703\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,618,{"id":136,"source_url":137,"license_code":138,"credit_html":139,"title":140,"description":141,"author":142,"original_width":143,"original_height":144},21073,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15963316","CC BY-SA 3.0","Sanjay Acharya, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15963316\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Romanechite.jpg","Romanechite from the Marquette County, Michigan, USA. Picture taken at the \"National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C, USA.","Sanjay Acharya",2468,1970,{"id":146,"source_url":147,"license_code":138,"credit_html":148,"title":149,"description":150,"author":151,"original_width":152,"original_height":153},77203,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14867194","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14867194\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Romanechite-254397.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRoman%C3%A8chite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Romanèchite\">Romanèchite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Adam Heber Mine (Shaft 43), Neustädtel, Schneeberg District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Field of view 4cm. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",922,692,{"id":155,"source_url":156,"license_code":131,"credit_html":157,"title":158,"description":159,"author":160,"original_width":161,"original_height":162},51234,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113751988","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113751988\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 571 - Romanéchite (Allemagne).jpg","Romanéchite, en provenance d'Allemagne, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",3476,2700,{"id":164,"source_url":165,"license_code":131,"credit_html":166,"title":167,"description":168,"author":160,"original_width":169,"original_height":170},51235,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752003","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752003\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 583 - Romanéchite (Romanèche, Saone-et-Loire, France).jpg","Romanéchite, en provenance de Romanèche (Saone-et-Loire, France), au Muséum de Nantes",3964,2460,{"id":172,"source_url":173,"license_code":131,"credit_html":174,"title":175,"description":168,"author":160,"original_width":176,"original_height":177},51236,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752005","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752005\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 584 - Romanéchite (Romanèche, Saone-et-Loire, France).jpg",4272,2848,{"id":179,"source_url":180,"license_code":181,"credit_html":182,"title":183,"description":184,"author":185,"original_width":186,"original_height":187},77197,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6771716","CC BY 2.0","Beatrice Murch from Buenos Aires, Argentina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6771716\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Museo de La Plata - Romanechita.jpg","Romanechita. Mina La Negrita, Río Negro, Argentina.","Beatrice Murch from Buenos Aires, Argentina",1789,2683,{"id":189,"source_url":190,"license_code":138,"credit_html":191,"title":192,"description":193,"author":194,"original_width":195,"original_height":196},21070,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127526","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127526\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rhodochrosite-Romanechite-40303.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRhodochrosite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rhodochrosite\">Rhodochrosite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRoman%C3%A8chite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Romanèchite\">Romanèchite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sequoia Pit, Lone Tree Mine, Buffalo Mountain District, Humboldt County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNevada\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nevada\">Nevada\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-36833.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An EXCELLENT and SHOWY specimen of lustrous, translucent, red to orange-red, rhodochrosite hemispheres to 0.8 cm on a beautifully contrasting black romanechite crust on massive quartz matrix from an uncommon Nevada locality, the Lone Tree Mine. Very good piece for the locality! 6.9 x 4.0 x 2.9 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",400,680,{"id":198,"source_url":199,"license_code":138,"credit_html":200,"title":201,"description":202,"author":194,"original_width":203,"original_height":204},21071,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168395","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168395\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Romanechite-256927.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRoman%C3%A8chite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Romanèchite\">Romanèchite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Lordsburg District, Pyramid Mts, Hidalgo County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_Mexico\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New Mexico\">New Mexico\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-33110.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.7 x 6.5 x 6.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Romanechite is a relatively uncommon barium, manganese oxide. This outstanding, two-sided cabinet specimen features scintillating drusy quartz covering the 3-dimensional, botryoidal and banded romanechite matrix. This fine piece is from a very uncommon New Mexico locality near Lordsburg, Hidalgo County. Ex. Bob Lane (who collected it) and Evan Jones, and Dave Stoudt Collections.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",699,481,{"id":206,"source_url":207,"license_code":138,"credit_html":208,"title":209,"description":202,"author":194,"original_width":210,"original_height":211},77198,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168396","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168396\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Romanechite-256928.jpg",599,485,{"id":213,"source_url":214,"license_code":181,"credit_html":215,"title":216,"description":217,"author":218,"original_width":219,"original_height":220},77204,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96284970","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96284970\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Twinned calcite-palygorskite-romanechite (Palmarejo Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico) 1.jpg","Twinned calcite-palygorskite-romanechite (Palmarejo Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico)","James St. John",2392,3686,{"id":222,"source_url":223,"license_code":181,"credit_html":224,"title":225,"description":217,"author":218,"original_width":226,"original_height":227},77205,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96284971","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96284971\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Twinned calcite-palygorskite-romanechite (Palmarejo Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico) 3.jpg",2329,2563,{"id":229,"source_url":230,"license_code":181,"credit_html":231,"title":232,"description":217,"author":218,"original_width":233,"original_height":234},77206,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96284972","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96284972\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Twinned calcite-palygorskite-romanechite (Palmarejo Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico) 2.jpg",2349,2601,{"id":236,"source_url":237,"license_code":138,"credit_html":238,"title":239,"description":240,"author":194,"original_width":241,"original_height":242},15336,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176281","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176281\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane-172281.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElba_Island\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elba Island\">Elba Island\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Livorno\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Livorno\">Livorno Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTuscany\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tuscany\">Tuscany\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2150.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.8 x 4.9 x 2.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The matrix here is shot through with flat, dendritic (branchlike) crystallizations of psilomelane, sometimes mistaken for plant fossils. This is from the Isle of Elba, the site of one of the two Napoleon exiles, and also a classic European locality for pyrites and tourmalines among other minerals.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,419,{"id":244,"source_url":245,"license_code":138,"credit_html":246,"title":247,"description":248,"author":194,"original_width":249,"original_height":241},15337,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177572","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177572\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane-264112.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBisbee\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bisbee\">Bisbee\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWarren_(biogeographic_region)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Warren (biogeographic region)\">Warren District\u003C\u002Fa>, Mule Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCochise_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cochise County, Arizona\">Cochise County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3296.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.2 x 0.6 x 0.6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>(largest). Psilomelane is an obsolete group name for hard black manganese oxides. It is known to have occurred in many of the mines in the historic Bisbee District, but is very rare as preserved specimens. This excellent and very rare, two-piece set consists of nubby, very light weight, purple-gray psilomelane stalactites. Both ends of the smaller piece appear to be broken, but the larger piece has a fabulous branching and connected termination. Probably old material, but no proof. Ex. Dennis Mullane Bisbee Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",505,{"id":251,"source_url":252,"license_code":131,"credit_html":253,"title":254,"description":255,"author":256,"original_width":257,"original_height":258},15338,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41133487","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41133487\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane 7100.3556.jpg","psilomelane : Limestone quarries, Solnhofen, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany","Géry PARENT",1148,765,{"id":260,"source_url":261,"license_code":131,"credit_html":262,"title":263,"description":264,"author":265,"original_width":266,"original_height":267},15340,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=80286832","Sushant savla, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=80286832\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane - Sample at chennai Museum.jpg","Psilomelane - Sample at chennai Museum","Sushant savla",446,734,{"id":269,"source_url":270,"license_code":131,"credit_html":271,"title":272,"description":273,"author":274,"original_width":275,"original_height":276},15341,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=131017338","Kaethe17, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=131017338\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelan.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa> (Weight: 111.4 g) – Locality: Clarashall Mine, Ruschberg, Baumholder, Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany","Kaethe17",5232,3488,{"id":278,"source_url":279,"license_code":138,"credit_html":280,"title":281,"description":282,"author":283,"original_width":284,"original_height":285},65983,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6661974","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6661974\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelan (stalaktitisch) - Oehrenstock, Thüringen.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa> (stalactite form) - Locality: Oehrenstock, Thüringen - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",3150,2200,{"id":287,"source_url":288,"license_code":138,"credit_html":289,"title":290,"description":291,"author":194,"original_width":292,"original_height":241},65984,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175270","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175270\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Smithsonite-Psilomelane-43248.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmithsonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smithsonite\">Smithsonite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBroken_Hill,_New_South_Wales\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Broken Hill, New South Wales\">Broken Hill\u003C\u002Fa>, Yancowinna County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_South_Wales\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New South Wales\">New South Wales\u003C\u002Fa>, Australia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-72.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An aesthetic specimen of sharp, lustrous, gemmy, colorless smithsonite crystals to 5mm partially covering a stalactite of platy psilomelane from Broken Hill, Australia. Old and choice material from the oxidized zone of this world-famous mine. The tip of the stalactite is broken, but it does nicely show the growth banding. Ex Ed Ruggiero Collection, who purchased this piece in May, 1976 from Pala Properties. Ex Robert M. Rich Collection. 5.7 x 2.0 x 1.4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",223,{"id":294,"source_url":295,"license_code":138,"credit_html":296,"title":297,"description":298,"author":194,"original_width":299,"original_height":300},65985,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175675","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175675\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-Psilomelane-112809.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Taouz, Er Rachidia Province, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2395.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 24.5 x 16.6 x 9.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rare piece today not only for size but for overall aspect, from the early 1980s finds at Taouz which preceded major finds at Mibladen that later made people forget about these small finds out in the further desert. However, these older pieces are of a unique style with startling contrast when on this great velvety matrix, were more rare when found, more valuable when found, harder to get then and still rarer today. I have seen pictures of this forbidding locality in a slideshow by Vic Yount, recently, and let me tell you I am amazed we have ANYTHING from there. The place is near the OPEN border with Libya. It consists of a warren of natural caves accessed by dangerous un-supported shafts dug by hand. And it is in the middle of a very hot desert! I am shocked a large specimen like this survived unscathed. The velvety surface is especially prone to damage and you have to think about the care taken to get it from the mine to the market and then through 30 years of collectors hands. Charlie bought it soon after it was found at Tucson of 1984, directly from Vic Yount who handled most of them at the time. It is a dramatic display piece and happens also to be really good for what it is. This is a key piece form the Charlie Freed Collection out of Los Angeles.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,548,{"id":302,"source_url":303,"license_code":138,"credit_html":304,"title":305,"description":306,"author":194,"original_width":241,"original_height":307},65986,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176217","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176217\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane-167850.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Iron Chief and Ferro Group (Iron Chief; Argus Range), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-78976.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.7 x 5.8 x 5.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>From the noted California collection of Charles Hansen - a specimen of the weird-looking manganese oxide psilomelane, looking more biological than mineralogical! U.S. specimens are uncommon on the market. Old California material, and a pretty good one!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",539,{"id":309,"source_url":310,"license_code":131,"credit_html":311,"title":312,"description":255,"author":256,"original_width":313,"original_height":314},65989,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41133486","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41133486\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane 7100.3564.jpg",1137,758,{"id":316,"source_url":317,"license_code":131,"credit_html":318,"title":319,"description":320,"author":256,"original_width":116,"original_height":321},65990,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44231226","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44231226\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane-pyrolusite 7100.4899.jpg","Psilomelane - pyrolusite : Limestone Quarries, Solnhofen, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany",1325,{"id":323,"source_url":324,"license_code":131,"credit_html":325,"title":326,"description":320,"author":256,"original_width":327,"original_height":328},65991,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44231227","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44231227\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane-pyrolusite 7100.4947.jpg",2000,1265,{"id":330,"source_url":331,"license_code":138,"credit_html":332,"title":333,"description":334,"author":335,"original_width":336,"original_height":337},65992,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=71672612","Tiia Monto, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=71672612\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane 2.jpg","Psilomelane from Tarquah, Ghana. Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery.","Tiia Monto",1212,904,{"id":339,"source_url":340,"license_code":181,"credit_html":341,"title":342,"description":343,"author":344,"original_width":345,"original_height":346},65995,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=109342647","Auckland Museum Collections from Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=109342647\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane (48723936133).jpg","\u003Cp>Name : \u003Ci>Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fi> \n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Accession Number : GE6672\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Part of the Geology collection\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n For more details visit <a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections-research\u002Fcollections\u002Frecord\u002Fam_naturalsciences-object-111251\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections-research\u002Fcollections\u002Frecord\u002Fam_naturalsciences-object-111251\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections<\u002Fa> Images released under a CC-BY licence. Auckland Museum 2019","Auckland Museum Collections from Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand",8688,5792,{"id":348,"source_url":349,"license_code":181,"credit_html":350,"title":351,"description":352,"author":344,"original_width":345,"original_height":346},65996,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=109342649","Auckland Museum Collections from Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=109342649\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane (48723933693).jpg","\u003Cp>Name : \u003Ci>Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fi> \n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Accession Number : GE3249\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Part of the Geology collection\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n For more details visit <a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections-research\u002Fcollections\u002Frecord\u002Fam_naturalsciences-object-115031\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections-research\u002Fcollections\u002Frecord\u002Fam_naturalsciences-object-115031\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections<\u002Fa> Images released under a CC-BY licence. Auckland Museum 2019",{"id":354,"source_url":355,"license_code":181,"credit_html":356,"title":357,"description":358,"author":344,"original_width":345,"original_height":346},65997,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=109342653","Auckland Museum Collections from Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=109342653\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelane (48723931128).jpg","\u003Cp>Name : \u003Ci>Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fi> \n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Accession Number : GE3098\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Part of the Geology collection\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n For more details visit <a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections-research\u002Fcollections\u002Frecord\u002Fam_naturalsciences-object-115277\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections-research\u002Fcollections\u002Frecord\u002Fam_naturalsciences-object-115277\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.aucklandmuseum.com\u002Fcollections<\u002Fa> Images released under a CC-BY licence. Auckland Museum 2019",{"id":360,"source_url":361,"license_code":138,"credit_html":362,"title":363,"description":364,"author":365,"original_width":366,"original_height":367},65998,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130078114","Elena Ternovaja, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130078114\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Psilomelan aus Kammsdorf, Kreis Zegenrück Thüringen.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa> from Kammsdorf, Zegenrück, Thuringia, Germany","Elena Ternovaja",2384,3234,[369],{"id":370,"url":371,"label":372,"formula":373,"spacegroup":374,"year":116},12245,"\u002Fcif\u002F12245.cif","Turner 1988","Mn5 O11.18 Ba.66 H1.18","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",[376,377,378,379,380,381],"Barytpsilomelan","Hydrobraunit","Hydrobraunita","Hydrobraunite","Kalvonigrit","Romanèchiet",[383,387,391,395,399,403,407,410,414,418,421],{"lang":384,"names":385},"ca",[386],"romanechita",{"lang":388,"names":389},"de",[390],"Romanèchit",{"lang":392,"names":393},"es",[394],"Romanechita",{"lang":396,"names":397},"eu",[398],"Romanèchita",{"lang":400,"names":401},"fi",[402],"Romanechiitti",{"lang":404,"names":405},"fr",[406,7],"psilomélane",{"lang":408,"names":409},"it",[7],{"lang":411,"names":412},"ja",[413],"ロマネシュ鉱",{"lang":415,"names":416},"lt",[417],"Romanešitas",{"lang":419,"names":420},"nl",[7],{"lang":422,"names":423},"zh",[424,425],"鋇硬錳礦","钡硬锰矿","Q409737",{"history":11,"applications":11}]