[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3521":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":40,"c":41,"alpha":42,"beta":43,"gamma":42,"aerror":44,"berror":45,"cerror":44,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":44,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":45,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":46,"twinning":47,"tranglide":11,"parting":48,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":49,"tlform":11,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":42,"vhnmax":42,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":51,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":53,"lustretype":54,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":55,"streak":56,"colour":57,"commentcolor":11,"colors":58,"streak_colors":64,"luminescence":65,"uv":11,"cleavage":66,"cleavagetype":67,"fracturetype":68,"tenacity":69,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":70,"opticalsign":71,"opticalalpha":72,"opticalalpha2":73,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":74,"opticalbeta2":75,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":73,"opticalgamma2":76,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":42,"opticalomega2":42,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":42,"opticalepsilon2":42,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":42,"opticaln2":42,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":77,"optical2vcalc2":78,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":79,"optical2vmeasured2":42,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":80,"rimax":81,"opticaldispersion":82,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":83,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":84,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":85,"aboutname":86,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":87,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":88,"group_members":89,"associates":103,"confused_with":158,"type_localities":170,"occurrence_total":177,"citations":178,"images":250,"structures":472,"synonyms":501,"language_names":513,"wikidata_qid":650,"texts":651},3521,"1:1:3521:3","04018236-c69a-4310-af36-20dd2f6038ed","Sanidine","Sa",0,"mineral",null,9581,9365,false,"K(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[17,18,19,20],"Al","Si","O","K",[17,18,19,20],",Fe,Ca,Na,H2O,","16.3.7",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1808","9","F","A","30","76","1","2","Monoclinic",5,11,"C2\u002Fm ","8.603","13.036","7.174","0","116.03",2,4,"High sanidine (forms a series with high albite).","Carlsbad - common\r\nBaveno, Manebach - rarer","{100}","Tabular with square cross section",6,"2.56","2.62","Vitreous - Pearly","Vitreous","Transparent,Translucent","White","Colourless, white, grey, yellowish white, or reddish white",[59,60,61,62,63],"colorless","white","gray","yellow","pink",[60],"Non-fluorescent","{001} Perfect, {010} distinct","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven,Conchoidal","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.518","1.525","1.523","1.53","1.531","48","64","60",1.518,1.531,"r \u003C v distinct","Y = b; Z ∧ c ≃ -20°  (low); Z = b; Y ∧ c ≃ -21°  (high).","Acidic volcanic rocks","Feldspar Group.\r\n\r\nThe high-temperature, fully disordered (in its Al and Si distribution), form of K-feldspar; other potassium-dominant feldspars are microcline (fully ordered) and orthoclase (partly ordered).  It is metastable at room temperature, and...","From the Greek \"sanis\" for \"little plate\" and \"idos\" for \"to see.\"","2026-03-29 18:03:18",[],[90,97],{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":93,"ima_formula":15,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":50,"hmax":94,"dmeas":95,"dcalc":51,"primary_image_id":96},2704,"Microcline","Triclinic",6.5,"2.54",16209,{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":15,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"dmeas":100,"dcalc":101,"primary_image_id":102},3026,"Orthoclase","2.55","2.563",30398,[104,111,119,126,135,144,151],{"id":105,"name":106,"entrytype":9,"csystem":107,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":108,"hmin":109,"hmax":45,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":110,"primary_image_id":11},470833,"Alfredcasparite","Tetragonal","Sr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>TiO(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)",3,"3.950",{"id":112,"name":113,"entrytype":9,"csystem":107,"ima_formula":114,"mindat_formula":114,"hmin":50,"hmax":115,"dmeas":116,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":118},1155,"Cristobalite","SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"2.32","2.33",6449,{"id":120,"name":121,"entrytype":9,"csystem":122,"ima_formula":123,"mindat_formula":124,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":125,"primary_image_id":11},42748,"Hydroxymanganopyrochlore","Isometric","(Mn,Th,Na,Ca,REE)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Nb,Ti)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","(Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Th,Na,Ca,REE)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Nb,Ti)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH) ","5.398",{"id":127,"name":128,"entrytype":9,"csystem":122,"ima_formula":129,"mindat_formula":130,"hmin":131,"hmax":131,"dmeas":132,"dcalc":133,"primary_image_id":134},2936,"Nosean","Na\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",5.5,"2.3","2.21",17893,{"id":136,"name":137,"entrytype":9,"csystem":138,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":140,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"dmeas":141,"dcalc":142,"primary_image_id":143},3302,"Pseudobrookite","Orthorhombic","(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti)O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.33","4.39",20077,{"id":145,"name":146,"entrytype":44,"csystem":147,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":11,"hmin":148,"hmax":149,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":42,"primary_image_id":150},690,"Red Beryl","Hexagonal",7.5,8,76498,{"id":152,"name":153,"entrytype":9,"csystem":122,"ima_formula":154,"mindat_formula":154,"hmin":131,"hmax":50,"dmeas":155,"dcalc":156,"primary_image_id":157},3701,"Sodalite","Na\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","2.27","2.31",22539,[159,163,168,169],{"id":160,"name":161,"entrytype":9,"csystem":147,"ima_formula":15,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":162,"primary_image_id":11},27460,"Kokchetavite","2.45",{"id":164,"name":165,"entrytype":9,"csystem":107,"ima_formula":166,"mindat_formula":166,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":167,"primary_image_id":11},45898,"Liebermannite","KAlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.975",{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":93,"ima_formula":15,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":50,"hmax":94,"dmeas":95,"dcalc":51,"primary_image_id":96},{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":15,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"dmeas":100,"dcalc":101,"primary_image_id":102},[171],{"id":172,"txt":173,"latitude":174,"longitude":175,"country":176},1857,"Drachenfels, Königswinter, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany",50.6636111,7.21,"Germany",806,[179,183,187,191,194,198,202,205,209,213,217,220,223,228,232,237,241,245],{"id":180,"year":181,"html":182,"doi":11},18301139,1810,"Klaproth, M. H. (1810) CLXXI. Untersuchung des Glasigen Feldspaths , vom Drachenfels. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5. Rottmann. p.12-18.",{"id":184,"year":185,"html":186,"doi":11},16122559,1963,"Onorato E., Penta M., Sgarlata F. (1963)  Struttura del sanidino. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma, 1-34.",{"id":188,"year":189,"html":190,"doi":11},524857,1968,"Wright, Thomas L., Stewart, David B. (1968) X-ray and optical study of alkali feldspar: I. Determination of composition and structural state from refined unit-cell parameters and 2V. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (1-2) 38-87 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM53\u002FAM53_38.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":192,"year":189,"html":193,"doi":11},524858,"Wright, Thomas L. (1968) X-ray and optical study of alkali feldspar: II. An X-ray method for determining the composition and structural state from measurement of 2θ values for three reflections. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (1-2) 88-104 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM53\u002FAM53_88.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":195,"year":196,"html":197,"doi":11},525670,1971,"Scott, Robert B., Bachinski, Sharon W., Nesbitt, Robert W., Scott, and Martha R. (1971) Rate of Al-Si ordering in sanidines from an ignimbrite cooling unit. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  56 (5-6) 1208-1221 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM56\u002FAM56_1208.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":199,"year":200,"html":201,"doi":11},16122561,1985,"Bertelmann, D., Förtsch, E., and Wondratscher, H. (1985) Zum Temperverhalten von Sanidin: die Ausnahmerolle der Eifelsanidin-Megakristalle. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 152: 123-141.",{"id":203,"year":200,"html":204,"doi":11},16122562,"Gering, E. (1985) Silizium\u002FAluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen. Dissertation, University of karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.",{"id":206,"year":207,"html":208,"doi":11},17539105,1987,"Bertelmann, D., Walther, J., Wondratscher, H. (1987) Annealing-induced inclusions and transformation behaviour of Eifel sanidines. \u003Ci>Terra Cognita\u003C\u002Fi>,  7. 257-258",{"id":210,"year":211,"html":212,"doi":11},16122564,1988,"Bernotat-Wulf, H., Bertelmann, D., and  Wondratscher, H. (1988) The annealing behaviour of Eifel sanidine (Volkesfeld). III. The influence of the sample surface and sample size on the order-disorder transformation rate. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1988: 504-515.",{"id":214,"year":215,"html":216,"doi":11},529093,1991,"Kroll, Herbert, Knitter, Regina (1991) Al, Si exchange kinetics in sanidine and anorthoclase and modeling of rock cooling paths. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  76 (5-6) 928-941 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM76\u002FAM76_928.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":218,"year":215,"html":219,"doi":11},16122565,"Ferguson, R.B., Ball, N.A., and Cerny, P. (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba. Canadian Mineralogist: 29: 543-552.",{"id":221,"year":215,"html":222,"doi":11},16122567,"Widder, W. (1991) Röntgentopographische Untersuchungen am Sanidin von Volkesfeld und Orthoklas von Madagaskar. Diplomarbeit an der Fakultät für Physik, Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.",{"id":224,"year":225,"html":226,"doi":227},114295,1994,"Widder, W.; Wondratschek, H.; Fehlmann, M.; Klapper, H. (1994) X-ray topographic study of Eifel sanidine (Volkesfeld). \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  209 (3). 206-209 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1994.209.3.206'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1994.209.3.206\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1994.209.3.206",{"id":229,"year":230,"html":231,"doi":11},12908789,1995,"Moore, Thomas P. (1995) What's New in Minerals? - Tucson Show 1995. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 26 (3) 215-230",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":236},18461692,1996,"Kimata, Mitsuyoshi; Saito, Shizuo; Shimizu, Masahiro; Iida, Ikuo; Matsui, Tomoaki (1996) Low-Temperature Crystal Structures of Orthoclase and Sanidine. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen\u003C\u002Fi>,  171 (2). 199-213 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F171\u002F1996\u002F199'>doi:10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F171\u002F1996\u002F199\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F171\u002F1996\u002F199",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":11},17643655,1999,"Weiß, Günter, Graf, Hans-Werner (1999) Die Wannenköpfe bei Ochtendung in der Vulkaneifel und ihre Mineralien [The Wannenköpfe near Ochtendung in the Vulkaneifel and their minerals]. \u003Ci>Mineralien Welt\u003C\u002Fi>,  10 (6). 20-47",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},16967139,2001,"(2001) Sanidine. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fsanidine.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":249},178170,2004,"GINIBRE, CATHERINE, WÖRNER, GERHARD, KRONZ, ANDREAS (2004) Structure and Dynamics of the Laacher See Magma Chamber (Eifel, Germany) from Major and Trace Element Zoning in Sanidine: a Cathodoluminescence and Electron Microprobe Study. \u003Ci>Journal of Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (11) 2197-2223 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002Fegh053'>doi:10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002Fegh053\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002Fegh053",[251,261,268,278,283,290,295,303,307,314,324,333,342,352,361,369,376,384,391,400,405,413,421,429,437,446,456,464],{"id":252,"source_url":253,"license_code":254,"credit_html":255,"title":256,"description":257,"author":258,"original_width":259,"original_height":260},21518,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7634198","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7634198\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sanidine.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa> - carlsbad-twinned\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Puy de Sancy,  Monts-Dore massif, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : 5x4.5cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",2761,2389,{"id":262,"source_url":263,"license_code":264,"credit_html":265,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":266,"original_height":267},30654,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114833","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114833\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":269,"source_url":270,"license_code":271,"credit_html":272,"title":273,"description":274,"author":275,"original_width":276,"original_height":277},21519,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162101","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162101\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sanidine-219324.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Itrongay (Itrongahy), Mahasoa East Commune, Betroka District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnosy\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anosy\">Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Tuléar (Toliara) Province, Madagascar (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2273.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.4 x 1.4 x 1.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sanidine is certainly not something you think of when you think \"gem\", but from Itrongay, it can be found in a superbly gemmy form, absolutely clear, with a pretty lemony color that is actually better in person than the photo indicates. The crystal has naturally jagged contours, sort of like a kunzite. This fine gem crystal weighs 10 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",600,592,{"id":279,"source_url":280,"license_code":254,"credit_html":281,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":266,"original_height":282},30655,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65272","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65272\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",583,{"id":284,"source_url":285,"license_code":271,"credit_html":286,"title":287,"description":288,"author":275,"original_width":289,"original_height":276},21520,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163268","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163268\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sanidine-227686.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Itrongay (Itrongahy), Mahasoa East Commune, Betroka District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnosy\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anosy\">Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Tuléar (Toliara) Province, Madagascar (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2273.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.7 x 2.2 x 1.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A beautiful, gem, yellow-green Sanidine crystal from the small finds at Itrongay, Madagascar. The finest gem crystals of Sanidine are produced in this region of Madagascar. Highly representative of the species and locale, even with the two cleaved ends. Weighs 20 grams or 100 carats.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",450,{"id":291,"source_url":292,"license_code":254,"credit_html":293,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":266,"original_height":294},30656,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65273","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65273\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",856,{"id":296,"source_url":297,"license_code":271,"credit_html":298,"title":299,"description":300,"author":275,"original_width":301,"original_height":302},21521,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163842","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163842\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sanidine -230550.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Itrongay (Itrongahy), Mahasoa East Commune, Betroka District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnosy\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anosy\">Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Tuléar (Toliara) Province, Madagascar (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2273.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.5 x 1.9 x 1.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A beautiful, gemmy, yellow-green Sanidine crystal from the small finds at Itrongay, Madagascar. This is a fine, complete-all-around, doubly terminated floater. Weighs 47.09 carats or over 9 grams. Ex. Carl Davis Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",683,750,{"id":304,"source_url":305,"license_code":264,"credit_html":306,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":266,"original_height":267},30657,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115021","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115021\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":308,"source_url":309,"license_code":271,"credit_html":310,"title":311,"description":312,"author":275,"original_width":313,"original_height":276},21522,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165837","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165837\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sanidine-243308.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Itrongay (Itrongahy), Mahasoa East Commune, Betroka District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnosy\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anosy\">Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Tuléar (Toliara) Province, Madagascar (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2273.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.6 x 1.4 x 0.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A beautiful, gem, yellow Sanidine crystal from the small finds at Itrongay, Madagascar. The finest gem crystals of Sanidine are produced in this region of Madagascar. The crystal is 100% gem quality throughout and is a pristine floater. Highly representative of the species and locale. 9.94 carats or nearly 2 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",570,{"id":315,"source_url":316,"license_code":317,"credit_html":318,"title":319,"description":320,"author":321,"original_width":322,"original_height":323},21523,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22435123","Public domain","Val Collins, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22435123\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sanidine-477065.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Pili Mine, Municipio Saucillo, Chihuahua, Mexico\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is 3.7 cm x 2.5 cm x 2.8 cm with individual crystals up to 1.3 cm. The specimen shows a wonderful pearlescent shimmer and play of colors. The specimen is in the Val Collins collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Val Collins",729,944,{"id":325,"source_url":326,"license_code":254,"credit_html":327,"title":328,"description":329,"author":330,"original_width":331,"original_height":332},21524,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132619667","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132619667\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sanidine in trachyte NHMLA.png","Sample of Sanidine in trachyte collected from Puy de Sancy, France.  On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA.","Eric Polk",1709,2487,{"id":334,"source_url":335,"license_code":317,"credit_html":336,"title":337,"description":338,"author":339,"original_width":340,"original_height":341},77995,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22434510","Yaiba Sakaguchi, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22434510\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sanidine-459304.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa> (FOV: 2.2 mm) \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tre Croci, Vetralla, Vico Lake, Viterbo Province, Latium, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Yaiba Sakaguchi",1024,768,{"id":343,"source_url":344,"license_code":345,"credit_html":346,"title":347,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":350,"original_height":351},77996,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61762867","CC0 1.0","Nick lzk1231, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61762867\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Weathered Sanidine Porphyry in Cygnet, Tasmania.jpg","A partially weathered Sanidine Porphyry. Sampled from Cygnet Intrusion Complex in Cygnet, SE Tasmania. The original groundmass is dark olive green","Nick lzk1231",3140,1836,{"id":353,"source_url":354,"license_code":254,"credit_html":355,"title":356,"description":357,"author":358,"original_width":359,"original_height":360},77997,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82967390","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82967390\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202288 photo (g27 g27-643 1 jpg).jpg","\"sanidiin\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65268\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202288\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",2894,2756,{"id":362,"source_url":363,"license_code":254,"credit_html":364,"title":365,"description":366,"author":358,"original_width":367,"original_height":368},77998,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82978836","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82978836\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202290 photo (g27 g27-645 1 jpg).jpg","\"sanidiin\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65285\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202290\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>",2618,2480,{"id":370,"source_url":371,"license_code":254,"credit_html":372,"title":373,"description":374,"author":358,"original_width":359,"original_height":375},77999,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82981914","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82981914\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202291 photo (g27 g27-646 1 jpg).jpg","\"sanidiin\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65270\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202291\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>",1929,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":254,"credit_html":379,"title":380,"description":381,"author":358,"original_width":382,"original_height":383},78001,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82999462","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82999462\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202289 photo (g27 g27-644 1 jpg).jpg","\"sanidiin\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65264\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202289\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>",1654,1791,{"id":385,"source_url":386,"license_code":254,"credit_html":387,"title":388,"description":389,"author":358,"original_width":390,"original_height":375},78002,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83006478","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83006478\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202286 photo (g27 g27-641 1 jpg).jpg","\"sanidiin\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65272\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202286\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>",3307,{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":317,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},37602,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5728155","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5728155\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Feldspar 2.jpg","feldspar var. sanidine : Itrongay (Itrongahy), Mahasoa East Commune, Betroka District, Anosy Region (Fort Dauphin Region), Tuléar Province (Toliara), Madagascar - 53 mm","Géry PARENT",2848,4288,{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":317,"credit_html":403,"title":404,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},37603,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5728175","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5728175\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Feldspar 3.jpg",{"id":406,"source_url":407,"license_code":271,"credit_html":408,"title":409,"description":410,"author":411,"original_width":412,"original_height":276},75483,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9622334","Fred Kruijen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9622334\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudobrookite needle with sanidine tabular - Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudobrookite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudobrookite\">Pseudobrookite\u003C\u002Fa> perforates a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa> tabular, image width: 1.5 mm - Locality: Wannenköpfe, Ochtendung, Eifel region, Germany","Fred Kruijen",800,{"id":414,"source_url":415,"license_code":271,"credit_html":416,"title":417,"description":418,"author":411,"original_width":419,"original_height":420},9301,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9819497","Fred Kruijen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9819497\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Forsterite on Sanidine - Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FForsterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Forsterite\">Forsterite\u003C\u002Fa> - Not every thin tabular colorless crystal is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">sanidine\u003C\u002Fa>. This is a thin Forsterite tabular (image width: 1.5 mm). Forsterite specimens are very typical with lots of tiny \"broken\" Sanidine and rounded \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHematite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hematite\">Hematite\u003C\u002Fa> crystals. - Locality: Wannenköpfe, Ochtendung, Eifel region, Germany",900,675,{"id":422,"source_url":423,"license_code":271,"credit_html":424,"title":425,"description":426,"author":411,"original_width":427,"original_height":428},7579,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10076728","Fred Kruijen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10076728\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Biotite, Sanidine and Nepheline - Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBiotite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Biotite\">Biotite\u003C\u002Fa> (0.75 x 1 mm) in combination with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNepheline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nepheline\">Nepheline\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Wannenköpfe, Ochtendung, Eifel region, Germany",922,692,{"id":430,"source_url":431,"license_code":271,"credit_html":432,"title":433,"description":434,"author":411,"original_width":435,"original_height":436},11203,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22722797","Fred Kruijen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22722797\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Spinel, Sanidine-79170.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSpinel\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Spinel\">Spinel\u003C\u002Fa> on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa> (spinel size: 0,5 x 0,5 mm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wannenköpfe Quarry, Ochtendung, Maifeld, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Very exceptional, and new for the Wannenköpfe, a Spinel (0,5 x 0,5 mm), a mixed crystal (Spinel\u002FHercynite). Analysed by Günter Blass. Photo\u002Fcollection: Fred Kruijen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",871,655,{"id":438,"source_url":439,"license_code":317,"credit_html":440,"title":441,"description":442,"author":443,"original_width":444,"original_height":445},78004,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157465103","Jerry Cone, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157465103\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudobrookite, Sanidine.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudobrookite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudobrookite\">Pseudobrookite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 1.41 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: New Mexico Highway 1 roadcut, Sierra County, New Mexico, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: These black pseudobrookite crystals with a few colorless sanidine crystals were collected near Exit 100 of Interstate 25 highway on 11\u002F10\u002F13. The photo was processed with Zerene Stacker.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Jerry Cone",2048,1536,{"id":447,"source_url":448,"license_code":449,"credit_html":450,"title":451,"description":452,"author":453,"original_width":454,"original_height":455},7864,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157466690","CC BY 3.0","Gianandrea Ghirri, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157466690\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudobrookite, Enstatite, Sanidine-1057200.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudobrookite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudobrookite\">Pseudobrookite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEnstatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Enstatite\">Enstatite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanidine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sanidine\">Sanidine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 4 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: La Aljorra Quarries, La Aljorra, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Gianandrea Ghirri",5182,3452,{"id":457,"source_url":458,"license_code":271,"credit_html":459,"title":460,"description":461,"author":411,"original_width":462,"original_height":463},12589,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10072955","Fred Kruijen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10072955\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Jeremjevite blue crystals - Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJeremejevite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Jeremejevite\">Jeremejevite\u003C\u002Fa> crystals hidden behind a Sanidine tabular, but much to blue to overlook (image width: 1,5mm) - Locality: Wannenköpfe, Ochtendung, Eifel region, Germany",829,622,{"id":465,"source_url":466,"license_code":271,"credit_html":467,"title":468,"description":469,"author":411,"original_width":470,"original_height":471},54304,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9620683","Fred Kruijen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9620683\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fayalite between Sanidine - Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFayalite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fayalite\">Fayalite\u003C\u002Fa> (0.5x0.7mm) between Sanidine crystals - Locality: Wannenköpfe, Ochtendung, Eifel region, Germany",807,605,[473,480,485,490,496],{"id":474,"url":475,"label":476,"formula":477,"spacegroup":478,"year":479},12371,"\u002Fcif\u002F12371.cif","Angel 2013 · (K.83 Na.15 Cs.02) (Si3 Al) O8","(K.83 Na.15 Cs.02) (Si3 Al) O8","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",2013,{"id":481,"url":482,"label":483,"formula":484,"spacegroup":478,"year":479},12372,"\u002Fcif\u002F12372.cif","Angel 2013 · (Na.58 K.4 Ba.02) (Si2.96 Al1.04) O8","(Na.58 K.4 Ba.02) (Si2.96 Al1.04) O8",{"id":486,"url":487,"label":488,"formula":489,"spacegroup":478,"year":479},12373,"\u002Fcif\u002F12373.cif","Angel 2013 · (K.98 Ba.02) (Si3 Al) O8","(K.98 Ba.02) (Si3 Al) O8",{"id":491,"url":492,"label":493,"formula":494,"spacegroup":478,"year":495},12374,"\u002Fcif\u002F12374.cif","Menna 2008","(K.65 Na.31 Ca.04) (Al1.04 Si2.96) O8",2008,{"id":497,"url":498,"label":499,"formula":500,"spacegroup":478,"year":247},12375,"\u002Fcif\u002F12375.cif","Ackermann 2004","(K.895 Na.105) Si3.06 Al.9 Fe.04 O8",[502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512],"Glasiger Feldspath","Glassy Feldspar","Gränzerit","Gränzerita","Gränzerite","Rhyacolit","Rhyacolita","Rhyacolite","Riacolit","Riacolita","Riacolite",[514,518,522,526,530,534,537,540,544,548,551,555,559,564,567,571,575,581,585,588,591,595,598,602,605,608,611,615,619,622,626,631,634,637,641,644,647],{"lang":515,"names":516},"af",[517],"Sanidien",{"lang":519,"names":520},"ar",[521],"سانيدين",{"lang":523,"names":524},"az",[525],"Sanidin",{"lang":527,"names":528},"be",[529],"Санідзін",{"lang":531,"names":532},"ca",[533],"sanidina",{"lang":535,"names":536},"cs",[525],{"lang":538,"names":539},"de",[525],{"lang":541,"names":542},"es",[543],"Sanidina",{"lang":545,"names":546},"et",[547],"sanidiin",{"lang":549,"names":550},"eu",[7],{"lang":552,"names":553},"fa",[554],"سانیدین",{"lang":556,"names":557},"fi",[558],"Sanidiini",{"lang":560,"names":561},"fr",[562,563,506,509,512,7],"Azulicite","Barium-sanidine",{"lang":565,"names":566},"gl",[543],{"lang":568,"names":569},"he",[570],"סנידין",{"lang":572,"names":573},"it",[7,574],"Sanidino",{"lang":576,"names":577},"ja",[578,579,580],"サニディン","ハリ長石","玻璃長石",{"lang":582,"names":583},"kk",[584],"Санидин",{"lang":586,"names":587},"nb",[525],{"lang":589,"names":590},"nl",[517],{"lang":592,"names":593},"nn",[594],"sanidin",{"lang":596,"names":597},"no",[525],{"lang":599,"names":600},"pl",[601],"Sanidyn",{"lang":603,"names":604},"pt",[533],{"lang":606,"names":607},"ru",[584],{"lang":609,"names":610},"sl",[594],{"lang":612,"names":613},"sr",[614],"санидин",{"lang":616,"names":617},"uk",[618],"Санідин",{"lang":620,"names":621},"uz",[525],{"lang":623,"names":624},"vi",[625],"sanidine",{"lang":627,"names":628},"zh",[629,630],"透长岩","透长石",{"lang":632,"names":633},"zh-cn",[630],{"lang":635,"names":636},"zh-hans",[630],{"lang":638,"names":639},"zh-hant",[640],"透長石",{"lang":642,"names":643},"zh-hk",[640],{"lang":645,"names":646},"zh-sg",[630],{"lang":648,"names":649},"zh-tw",[640],"Q426723",{"history":652,"applications":656},{"markdown":653,"model_version":654,"prompt_version":655,"reviewed_at":11},"The name reads its own crystals. Sanidine comes from the Greek *sanis* — a board or tablet — joined to *idos*, appearance, because the mineral so often grows as flat, tablet-like crystals[1].\n\nA German mineralogist, Karl Wilhelm Nose, coined the name in 1808[2]. He was describing a feldspar — one of the rock-forming minerals that make up much of the Earth's crust — but a peculiar kind. Sanidine is the high-temperature form of potassium feldspar, the variant that crystallises when magma is very hot and then cools fast.\n\nThat speed lies behind the name. In slow-cooling rock, potassium feldspar settles into tidier, lower-temperature forms. But where lava chills quickly — in volcanic rocks such as obsidian, rhyolite and trachyte — the high-temperature structure is frozen in place before it can rearrange[3]. The flat tablets Nose saw and named are the signature of that rapid quench.","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":657,"model_version":654,"prompt_version":655,"reviewed_at":11},"Sanidine is worth more as a clock than as a commodity. Its value today is scientific: it tells geologists how old a volcanic rock is, and how it formed.\n\nThe clock runs on potassium. Sanidine packs a high concentration of the element potassium into its crystal structure as it grows from hot magma[1]. A small fraction of that potassium is radioactive and decays, atom by atom, into the gas argon. Once the lava erupts and cools, the argon is trapped and starts to build up inside the crystal. Measure how much has accumulated, and you can read off the time since the eruption. This is the basis of potassium–argon dating and its more precise cousin, the argon–argon (⁴⁰Ar\u002F³⁹Ar) method[2]. The phenocrysts — the larger crystals set in fine volcanic rock — are especially useful for dating rhyolite ash beds this way[3]. Much of what is known about the eruption history of Yellowstone rests on argon ages measured from sanidine in its rhyolites[4].\n\nIts mere presence is also a signal. Because sanidine is the high-temperature, rapidly quenched form of potassium feldspar[5], finding it tells a geologist the rock cooled fast from a hot melt — a marker of volcanic origin.\n\nBeyond the laboratory, the uses are slight. The potassium feldspar that industry mines for ceramics and glass is the lower-temperature kind, not volcanic sanidine. Rare transparent crystals, such as the gem-quality sanidine from the Eifel district of Germany, are faceted as collector stones, but the trade is small[6]."]