[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3528":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":25,"key_elements":11,"impurities":26,"cim":27,"ima_status":28,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":31,"strunz10ed1":32,"strunz10ed2":33,"strunz10ed3":34,"strunz10ed4":35,"dana8ed1":36,"dana8ed2":37,"dana8ed3":38,"dana8ed4":39,"csystem":40,"cclass":11,"spacegroup":11,"spacegroupset":41,"a":42,"b":43,"c":44,"alpha":41,"beta":45,"gamma":41,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":11,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":46,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":11,"hmin":47,"hmax":48,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":41,"vhnmax":41,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":49,"dmeas2":50,"dcalc":41,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":51,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":52,"streak":11,"colour":53,"commentcolor":11,"colors":54,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":62,"cleavagetype":63,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":64,"commentbreak":65,"opticaltype":66,"opticalsign":67,"opticalalpha":68,"opticalalpha2":69,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":70,"opticalbeta2":71,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":72,"opticalgamma2":73,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":41,"opticalomega2":41,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":41,"opticalepsilon2":41,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":41,"opticaln2":41,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":74,"optical2vcalc2":75,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":41,"optical2vmeasured2":76,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":77,"rimax":78,"opticaldispersion":79,"opticalpleochroism":80,"opticalpleochorismdesc":81,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":82,"description_short":83,"aboutname":84,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":85,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":86,"group_members":93,"associates":177,"confused_with":235,"type_localities":237,"occurrence_total":244,"citations":245,"images":291,"structures":330,"synonyms":331,"language_names":344,"wikidata_qid":432,"texts":433},3528,"1:1:3528:2","d53f1244-e026-419c-a796-320c601e4983","Saponite","Sap",0,"mineral",null,11119,2446,false,"Ca\u003Csub>0.25\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[18,19,20,21,22,23,24],"Al","Ca","Fe","Mg","Si","O","H",[19,21,22,23,24],",Ti,Mn,Ni,K,P,,","16.7.7",[29,30],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1840","9","E","C","45","71","3","1b","2","Monoclinic","0","5.3","9.14","16.9","97","Point Group: n.d.; Space Group: n.d; Z = n.d.",1.5,2,"2.24","2.30","Greasy,Dull","Translucent","White, yellow, gray, blue, green, reddish, brown",[55,56,57,58,59,60,61],"white","yellow","gray","blue","green","brown","red","{001}","Perfect","brittle","Plastic when hydrated, brittle when dry","Biaxial","-","1.479","1.49","1.51","1.525","1.511","1.527","20","26","40",1.479,1.527,"none","Visible","X = colorless, light yellow to green-brown; Y = Z = colorless, greenish brown to dark brown","Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany, 44591","Smectite Group.\r\nBeidellite-Saponite Series.\r\nSee also the Fe-dominant end-member ferrosaponite.\r\n\r\nMay be interstratified with lizardite: UM2002-39-SiO:AlCaFeHMg.","From Latin, sap, soap, alluding to its greasy or soapy feel and appearance.","2025-08-11 12:14:23",[87,90],{"id":88,"name":89,"entrytype":48,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":11},26739,"Bowlingite",{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":48,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":11},26837,"Copper-bearing Saponite",[94,101,109,116,122,129,136,142,151,157,164,170],{"id":95,"name":96,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":97,"mindat_formula":98,"hmin":99,"hmax":48,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":100},604,"Beidellite","(Na,Ca)\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1,2980,{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":104,"mindat_formula":105,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":106,"dcalc":107,"primary_image_id":108},29079,"Ferrosaponite","Ca\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Mg,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Mg,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.49","2.435",8824,{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":112,"mindat_formula":113,"hmin":99,"hmax":48,"dmeas":114,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":115},1841,"Hectorite","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Li)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(F,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Li)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(F,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.3",10997,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":119,"mindat_formula":120,"hmin":99,"hmax":48,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":121},2821,"Montmorillonite","(Na,Ca)\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca)\u003Csub>0.33\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",16678,{"id":123,"name":124,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":125,"mindat_formula":126,"hmin":47,"hmax":48,"dmeas":127,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":128},2924,"Nontronite","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.2",30357,{"id":130,"name":131,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":132,"mindat_formula":133,"hmin":48,"hmax":134,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":135,"primary_image_id":11},3510,"Saliotite","(Li,Na)Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Li,Na)Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>",3,"2.75",{"id":137,"name":138,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":140,"hmin":99,"hmax":48,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":141},3544,"Sauconite","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",21645,{"id":143,"name":144,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":145,"mindat_formula":146,"hmin":147,"hmax":147,"dmeas":148,"dcalc":149,"primary_image_id":150},3770,"Stevensite","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>3-y\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>3-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",2.5,"2.15","2.07",22839,{"id":152,"name":153,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":154,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":99,"hmax":99,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":156},3847,"Swinefordite","Ca\u003Csub>0.2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Li,Al,Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,F)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Li(Al,Li,Mg)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,F)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",23386,{"id":158,"name":159,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":161,"hmin":99,"hmax":48,"dmeas":162,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":163},4201,"Volkonskoite","Ca\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>0.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr,Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.11",27597,{"id":165,"name":166,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":167,"mindat_formula":168,"hmin":48,"hmax":134,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":169},4351,"Yakhontovite","(Ca,Na,K)\u003Csub>0.2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cu,Fe,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cu,Fe,Mg)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",5814,{"id":171,"name":172,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":173,"mindat_formula":174,"hmin":47,"hmax":48,"dmeas":175,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":176},4416,"Zincsilite","Zn\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O (?)","Zn\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O (?)","2.67",28814,[178,187,194,203,212,220,227],{"id":179,"name":180,"entrytype":9,"csystem":181,"ima_formula":182,"mindat_formula":183,"hmin":134,"hmax":134,"dmeas":184,"dcalc":185,"primary_image_id":186},859,"Calcite","Trigonal","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.7102","2.711",4401,{"id":188,"name":189,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":190,"mindat_formula":191,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":192,"dcalc":37,"primary_image_id":193},926,"Celadonite","KMgFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","K(MgFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>◻)(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.95",29395,{"id":195,"name":196,"entrytype":9,"csystem":181,"ima_formula":197,"mindat_formula":197,"hmin":198,"hmax":199,"dmeas":200,"dcalc":201,"primary_image_id":202},1304,"Dolomite","CaMg(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",3.5,4,"2.84","2.876",5744,{"id":204,"name":205,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":206,"mindat_formula":207,"hmin":208,"hmax":208,"dmeas":209,"dcalc":210,"primary_image_id":211},1389,"Epidote","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaCa)(AlAlFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)",6,"3.38","3.43",92,{"id":213,"name":214,"entrytype":9,"csystem":215,"ima_formula":216,"mindat_formula":216,"hmin":147,"hmax":134,"dmeas":217,"dcalc":218,"primary_image_id":219},1209,"Native Copper","Isometric","Cu","8.94","8.93",17148,{"id":221,"name":222,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":223,"mindat_formula":223,"hmin":208,"hmax":208,"dmeas":224,"dcalc":225,"primary_image_id":226},3026,"Orthoclase","K(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>)","2.55","2.563",30398,{"id":228,"name":229,"entrytype":9,"csystem":181,"ima_formula":230,"mindat_formula":230,"hmin":231,"hmax":231,"dmeas":232,"dcalc":233,"primary_image_id":234},3337,"Quartz","SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"2.65","2.66",30579,[236],{"id":165,"name":166,"entrytype":9,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":167,"mindat_formula":168,"hmin":48,"hmax":134,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":169},[238],{"id":239,"txt":240,"latitude":241,"longitude":242,"country":243},6931,"Lizard Point, Landewednack, Cornwall, England, UK",49.9601658,-5.2065754,"UK",353,[246,250,254,258,262,267,272,276,281,286],{"id":247,"year":248,"html":249,"doi":11},16122589,1842,"Svanberg L F (1842) Saponit och Rosit, tvenne nya mineralier. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 1842, 153-165",{"id":251,"year":252,"html":253,"doi":11},519397,1925,"Palache, Charles, Vassar, Helen E. (1925) Some minerals of the Keweenawan copper deposits: Pumpellyite, a new mineral; sericite; saponite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  10 (11). 412-418 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM10\u002FAM10_412.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":255,"year":256,"html":257,"doi":11},522500,1954,"Fleischer, M. (1954) New mineral names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  39 (3-4). 402-408 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM39\u002FAM39_402.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":259,"year":260,"html":261,"doi":11},16122590,1971,"Journal of the Mineral Society of Japan (1971): 6: 299-312.",{"id":263,"year":264,"html":265,"doi":266},127090,1993,"Grauby, Olivier, Petit, Sabine, Decarreau, Alain, Baronnet, Alain (1993) The beidellite-saponite series: an experimental approach. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  5 (4) 623-636 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F5\u002F4\u002F0623'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F5\u002F4\u002F0623\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F5\u002F4\u002F0623",{"id":268,"year":269,"html":270,"doi":271},127161,1994,"Grauby, Olivier, Petit, Sabine, Decarreau, Alain, Baronnet, Alain (1994) The nontronite-saponite series: An experimental approach. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  6 (1) 99-112 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F1\u002F0099'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F1\u002F0099\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F1\u002F0099",{"id":273,"year":274,"html":275,"doi":11},16967148,2001,"(2001) Saponite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fsaponite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":277,"year":278,"html":279,"doi":280},397105,2013,"Gailhanou, H., Blanc, P., Rogez, J., Mikaelian, G., Horiuchi, K., Yamamura, Y., Saito, K., Kawaji, H., Warmont, F., Greneche, J.-M., Vieillard, P., Fialips, C. I., Giffaut, E., Gaucher, E. C. (2013) Thermodynamic properties of saponite, nontronite, and vermiculite derived from calorimetric measurements. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  98 (10) 1834-1847 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4344'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4344\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4344",{"id":282,"year":283,"html":284,"doi":285},397406,2014,"Treiman, A. H., Morris, R. V., Agresti, D. G., Graff, T. G., Achilles, C. N., Rampe, E. B., Bristow, T. F., Ming, D. W., Blake, D. F., Vaniman, D. T., Bish, D. L., Chipera, S. J., Morrison, S. M., Downs, R. T. (2014) Ferrian saponite from the Santa Monica Mountains (California, U.S.A., Earth): Characterization as an analog for clay minerals on Mars with application to Yellowknife Bay in Gale Crater. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  99 (11) 2234-2250 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2014-4763'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2014-4763\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2014-4763",{"id":287,"year":288,"html":289,"doi":290},13422553,2021,"Kloprogge, J. Theo, Ponce, Concepcion P. (2021) Spectroscopic Studies of Synthetic and Natural Saponites: A Review. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 11 (2) 112 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin11020112'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin11020112\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F11\u002F2\u002F112\u002Fpdf?version=1611626024' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin11020112",[292,302,312,321],{"id":293,"source_url":294,"license_code":295,"credit_html":296,"title":297,"description":298,"author":299,"original_width":300,"original_height":301},21551,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65227371","CC BY-SA 3.0","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65227371\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Saponite-432063.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaponite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saponite\">Saponite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Großer Teichelberg (Teichelberg; Teichlberg), Pechbrunn, Marktredwitz, Fichtelgebirge, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Field of view 2.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",953,731,{"id":303,"source_url":304,"license_code":305,"credit_html":306,"title":307,"description":308,"author":309,"original_width":310,"original_height":311},36779,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5213767","CC BY-SA 4.0","Piotr Sosnowski, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5213767\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Melafir 3.jpg","Melaphyry (\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBasalt\" title=\"Basalt\">basalt\u003C\u002Fa>) occours \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaponite\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Saponite\">saponite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHeulandite\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Heulandite\">heulandite\u003C\u002Fa> (\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fw\u002Findex.php?title=Zeolite&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Zeolite (page does not exist)\">zeolite\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPoland\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Poland\">Poland\u003C\u002Fa>.","Piotr Sosnowski",2020,1618,{"id":313,"source_url":314,"license_code":315,"credit_html":316,"title":317,"description":318,"author":319,"original_width":320,"original_height":301},21548,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14627374","CC BY 3.0","David M. Maietta, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14627374\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chamosite, Saponite, Copper-188771.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChamosite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chamosite\">Chamosite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaponite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saponite\">Saponite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopper\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copper\">Copper\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Central Mine, Central, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Clusters of dark-green chamosite balls with light-green saponite balls and copper crystals, lining a basalt vesicle from which a calcite cover was removed. Field of view is 8.3 mm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>recording data:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Lens: Mitutoyo M Plan Apo 2 0.055\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>F-stop: N\u002FA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Mounting: Normal, with tube lens\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>FOV: 8.3 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Lighting: Dual fiber, partially diffused\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Processing: CombineZP pyramid-do-stack retouched with pyramid-max-contrast\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","David M. Maietta",1024,{"id":322,"source_url":323,"license_code":305,"credit_html":324,"title":325,"description":326,"author":327,"original_width":328,"original_height":329},21552,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=89377949","Saponite Mineral, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=89377949\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mineral Saponite 1.jpg","Внешний вид минерала сапонит Ташковского участка Варваровского месторождения, Хмельницкая область, Украина","Saponite Mineral",4272,2848,[],[332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343],"Afrodit","Auxit","Auxita","Auxite","Licianit","Licianita","Licianite","Lucianit","Lucianita","Lucianite","Mauritzite","Piotine",[345,349,353,357,361,365,369,373,376,380,383,387,391,395,400,403,406,409,413,419,422,425,429],{"lang":346,"names":347},"ca",[348],"saponita",{"lang":350,"names":351},"de",[352],"Saponit",{"lang":354,"names":355},"el",[356],"Σαπωνίτης",{"lang":358,"names":359},"es",[360,348],"piedra de jabón",{"lang":362,"names":363},"et",[364],"saponiit",{"lang":366,"names":367},"eu",[368],"Saponita",{"lang":370,"names":371},"fa",[372],"ساپونیت",{"lang":374,"names":375},"fr",[7],{"lang":377,"names":378},"io",[379],"Saponito",{"lang":381,"names":382},"it",[7],{"lang":384,"names":385},"ja",[386],"石鹸石",{"lang":388,"names":389},"mk",[390],"Сапонит",{"lang":392,"names":393},"nb",[394],"saponitt",{"lang":396,"names":397},"nl",[398,399],"Saponiet","Zeepsteen",{"lang":401,"names":402},"nn",[394],{"lang":404,"names":405},"pl",[352],{"lang":407,"names":408},"ru",[390],{"lang":410,"names":411},"uk",[412],"Сапоніт",{"lang":414,"names":415},"zh",[416,417,418],"皂石","鎂膨潤石","镁膨润石",{"lang":420,"names":421},"zh-cn",[416],{"lang":423,"names":424},"zh-hans",[416],{"lang":426,"names":427},"zh-hant",[428],"皁石",{"lang":430,"names":431},"zh-tw",[416,417],"Q421003",{"history":11,"applications":11}]