[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3560":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":21,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":38,"c":40,"alpha":38,"beta":38,"gamma":38,"aerror":41,"berror":11,"cerror":42,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":43,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":44,"twinning":45,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":46,"morphology":47,"tlform":11,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":38,"vhnmax":38,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":50,"dmeas2":50,"dcalc":51,"dmeaserror":52,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":53,"lustretype":54,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":55,"streak":56,"colour":57,"commentcolor":58,"colors":59,"streak_colors":65,"luminescence":11,"uv":66,"cleavage":67,"cleavagetype":68,"fracturetype":69,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":70,"opticalsign":71,"opticalalpha":38,"opticalalpha2":38,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":38,"opticalbeta2":38,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":38,"opticalgamma2":38,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":72,"opticalomega2":73,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":74,"opticalepsilon2":75,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":38,"opticaln2":38,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":38,"optical2vcalc2":38,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":38,"optical2vmeasured2":38,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":76,"rimax":77,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":78,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":79,"other":80,"industrial":81,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":82,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":83,"aboutname":84,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":85,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":86,"group_members":94,"associates":129,"confused_with":217,"type_localities":224,"occurrence_total":231,"citations":232,"images":476,"structures":639,"synonyms":646,"language_names":672,"wikidata_qid":866,"texts":867},3560,"1:1:3560:2","af2724a3-bdd9-4f65-b017-851aa5e1bb71","Scheelite","Sch",0,"mineral",null,32622,34252,false,"Ca(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[17,18,19],"Ca","O","W",[17,18,19],[19],"Mo,Nb,Ta,","27.4.2",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1821","7","G","A","05","48","1","2","Tetragonal",23,136,"0","5.2429","11.3737",3,6,4,"On synthetic material.","On {110} common, penetration and contact twins with a composition plane of (110)or (001).","Scheelite on wolframite, with scheelite {001} [110] parallel to wolframite {010} [001].\r\n\r\nDiscrete crystals of fluorite on the (111) face of scheelite from the \u003Cl id=2235>Tae Hwa mine, Korea\u003C\u002Fl> (So et al. 1983).","Crystals commonly pseudo-octahedral {011} or {112} predominant, with modifying forms include {001} {013}, {121} and\u002For several additional; tabular on {001} at times; {001} commonly rough; {112} frequently diagonally striated, usually parallel to \u003Cmi>[_311]\u003C\u002Fmi>, the intersection with {121}. Usually granular, massive; also columnar.",4.5,5,"6.1","6.09",2,"Vitreous, adamantine","Adamantine,Vitreous","Transparent,Opaque","White","Tan, golden-yellow, colourless, white, greenish, dark brown, etc.; colourless in transmitted light","May be compositionally colour zoned.",[60,61,62,63,64],"yellow","brown","colorless","white","green",[63],"Inherently brightly fluorescent (SW UV & X-rays). Pure end-member material ubiquitously fluoresces bright blue-white (SW UV), but even a small amount of Mo substituting for W produces a creamy yellow fluorescence (SW UV), becoming more yellow with increasing % of Mo. A moderate Fe content can quench the fluorescence. It usually has no response to LW UV but some specimens will fluoresce pink to this band.","Distinct on {101}, interrupted on {112}, indistinct on {001}.","Distinct\u002FGood","Irregular\u002FUneven,Sub-Conchoidal","Uniaxial","+","1.918","1.921","1.935","1.938",1.918,1.938,"May exhibit weak anomalous birefringence.","Thermoluminescent.","Decomposed by HCl or HNO3, leaving a yellow powder of hydrous tungstic oxide, which is soluble in ammonia.\r\n\r\nAlters to Tungstite, Hydrotungstite, or Cuprotungstite.\r\n\r\nReplaced by Wolframite as perfect pseudomorphs. Often replaces Wolframite.\r\nPseudomorphs of Quartz, Kaolinite, and Bismutite after Scheelite have been noted.","Ore of tungsten","Contact metamorphic tactites, high-temperature hydrothermal veins, greisens, and granitic pegmatites; alluvial deposits.","Powellite-Scheelite Series.\r\n\r\nA primary mineral commonly found as a component of contact-metamorphic tactite; in high-temperature hydrothermal veins and greisen; in granitic pegmatites and medium-temperature hydrothermal veins; in alluvial deposits.","Named in 1821 by Karl Caesar von Leonhard in honor of Carl Wilhelm Scheele [December 9, 1742, Stralsund, Pomerania, Sweden - May 21, 1786, Köping, Sweden], Swedish experimental chemist and commercial apothecary. His experimental work was monumental for the time period and he discovered chlorine and experimented with oxygen before Joseph Priestley recognized it as an element. He investigated many fundamentally important organic compounds. He proved the existence of tungstic oxide in the mineral now bearing his name in 1781.","2026-04-12 15:20:57",[87,91],{"id":88,"name":89,"entrytype":52,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":90,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":38,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":11},1190,"Copper-bearing 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Bismuth","Trigonal","Bi","9.7","9.753",17098,{"id":193,"name":194,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":196,"mindat_formula":197,"hmin":198,"hmax":198,"dmeas":199,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":200},3996,"Topaz","Orthorhombic","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>F\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(F,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",8,"3.4",24365,{"id":202,"name":203,"entrytype":9,"csystem":133,"ima_formula":204,"mindat_formula":205,"hmin":49,"hmax":42,"dmeas":206,"dcalc":207,"primary_image_id":208},4011,"Tremolite","◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg\u003Csub>5.0-4.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>0.0-0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.99","2.964",24473,{"id":210,"name":211,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":212,"mindat_formula":213,"hmin":159,"hmax":159,"dmeas":214,"dcalc":215,"primary_image_id":216},4223,"Vesuvianite","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al,Mg,Fe)\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,F,O)\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(◻\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)◻[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>[(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.32","3.42",6769,[218,219],{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":103,"hmin":104,"hmax":43,"dmeas":105,"dcalc":106,"primary_image_id":107},{"id":220,"name":221,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":222,"mindat_formula":222,"hmin":117,"hmax":117,"dmeas":38,"dcalc":223,"primary_image_id":11},3926,"Tetrarooseveltite","Bi(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","7.64",[225],{"id":226,"txt":227,"latitude":228,"longitude":229,"country":230},6965,"Bispbergs Klack, Säter, Dalarna County, Sweden",60.3566165,15.8157482,"Sweden",5034,[233,237,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,269,273,277,281,285,289,292,296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,347,351,355,359,363,367,371,375,379,383,386,390,395,399,402,406,411,414,417,422,426,430,434,439,444,449,453,457,462,466,471],{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":11},16122805,1747,"Wallerius, J.G (1747) Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket. Stockholm: 303 (as Tennspat, Lapides stanniferi spathecei).",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":11},15944535,1751,"Cronstedt, A. F. (1751) : Rön och Försök Gjorde med trenne Järnmalms arter. Kongl.Svenska VetenskapsAcademien Handlingar 1751: 226-231",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},12960775,1758,"Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik (1758) \u003Ci>Försök till en Mineralogie eller Mineral Rikets Upställning\u003C\u002Fi>. J. A. Carlbohm, Stockholm. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002FForsokTillEnMineralogie\u002Fcronstedt-a-forsok-1781-RTL002100-LowRes.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":11},16122808,1781,"Scheele (1781) Ak. Stockholm, Handl. (as Tungsten).",{"id":250,"year":251,"html":252,"doi":11},16101419,1789,"Hoffmann, C.A.S.  (1789) Mineralsystem des Herrn Inspektor Werners mit dessen Erlaubnis herausgegeben von C.A.S. Hoffmann. \u003Ci> Bergmännisches Journal\u003C\u002Fi>,  2 (1) 369-398",{"id":254,"year":255,"html":256,"doi":11},16129826,1791,"Karsten, D.L.G. (1791) \u003Ci>Tabellarische Übersicht der mineralogisch-einfachen Fossilien\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.). Heinrich August Rottmann.",{"id":258,"year":259,"html":260,"doi":11},16122811,1800,"Karsten, D.L.G. (1800) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. First edition: 56 (as Scheelerz).",{"id":262,"year":263,"html":264,"doi":11},12960851,1801,"Haüy, René Just (1801) \u003Ci>Traité de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.) Vol. 4. Chez Louis, Paris. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Ftraitdeminralog01goog\u002Ftraitdeminralog01goog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":266,"year":267,"html":268,"doi":11},16122813,1808,"Karsten, D.L.G. (1808) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. Second edition: 74 (as Scheelerz).",{"id":270,"year":271,"html":272,"doi":11},16122814,1820,"Breithaupt, A. (1820) Kurze Charakteristik des Mineral-System’s. 8vo, Freiberg: 23 (as Scheelspath).",{"id":274,"year":275,"html":276,"doi":11},16122815,1821,"Leonhard, K.C. (1821) Handbuch der Oryktognosie. First edition: 594 (as Scheelit).",{"id":278,"year":279,"html":280,"doi":11},16122816,1851,"Breithaupt (1851) Journal für Chemie und Physik, Nuremberg: 54: 130.",{"id":282,"year":283,"html":284,"doi":11},16122817,1859,"Dauber (1859) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 107: 272.",{"id":286,"year":287,"html":288,"doi":11},16122818,1874,"Bauer (1874) Württemburg. Naturwiss. Jahreshefte: 154.",{"id":290,"year":287,"html":291,"doi":11},16122819,"Carnot (1874) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 79: 637.",{"id":293,"year":294,"html":295,"doi":11},16122820,1877,"Iwase (1877) in Harada (1936) Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University: 3: [4]: 357 (as Trimontite).",{"id":297,"year":298,"html":299,"doi":11},16122821,1878,"Plattner-Richter (1878) Probierkunst m.d. Lothrohr: 185.",{"id":301,"year":302,"html":303,"doi":11},16122822,1890,"Traube (1890) Jb. Min., Beil.-Bd.: 7: 232, 238.",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":309,"year":310,"html":311,"doi":11},16122824,1895,"Traube (1895-1896) Jb. Min., Beil.-Bd.: 10: 457.",{"id":313,"year":314,"html":315,"doi":11},16122825,1904,"Wada, Tsunashiro (1904) Minerals of Japan. 144 pp., Tokyo: 75-76 (as Trimontite).",{"id":317,"year":318,"html":319,"doi":11},16122826,1906,"Colomba (1906) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Rend.: 15: 281.",{"id":321,"year":322,"html":323,"doi":11},16122827,1910,"Petterd, W.F. (1910) Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. 221pp., Hobart: 200.",{"id":325,"year":326,"html":327,"doi":11},16122828,1914,"Rohden (1914) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 159: 318.",{"id":329,"year":330,"html":331,"doi":11},16122829,1916,"Zambonini (1916) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 162: 835.",{"id":333,"year":334,"html":335,"doi":11},16122830,1920,"Dickinson (1920) Journal of the American Chemical Society: 42: 85.",{"id":337,"year":334,"html":338,"doi":339},6220600,"Russell, Arthur (1920) On the occurrence of Phenacite and Scheelite at Wheal Cock, St. Just, Cornwall. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>, 19 (88) 19-22 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1920.019.88.06'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1920.019.88.06\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1920.019.88.06",{"id":341,"year":342,"html":343,"doi":11},4468630,1922,"(1922) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 8 - Text - Band VIII - Safflorit-Topas. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":345,"year":342,"html":346,"doi":11},16122832,"Lindroth and Mauzelius (1922) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 44: 110.",{"id":348,"year":349,"html":350,"doi":11},16122833,1924,"Carobbi (1924) Gazzetta chimica italiana, Rome: 54: 59.",{"id":352,"year":353,"html":354,"doi":11},16122834,1926,"Vegard (1926) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 1: 1151.",{"id":356,"year":357,"html":358,"doi":11},16122835,1927,"Honess, A.P. (1927) The Nature, Origin and Interpretation of the Etch Figures on Crystals. 171pp., New York.",{"id":360,"year":361,"html":362,"doi":11},16122836,1928,"Doelter, C. (1928) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4 [2]: 814.",{"id":364,"year":365,"html":366,"doi":11},16122837,1929,"Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 4067, 4083, 4113.",{"id":368,"year":369,"html":370,"doi":11},16104052,1930,"Holzgang, F. (1930) Zur Morphologie von Fluorit, Scheelit und Brookit. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 10: 374-476.",{"id":372,"year":373,"html":374,"doi":11},16122838,1931,"Aanerud (1931) Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, Oslo, Skrifter, no. 13.",{"id":376,"year":377,"html":378,"doi":11},16122839,1933,"Lacroix (1933) Bull. serv. Geol. Indochine: 20 [Min. Abs. (1935): 6: 21].",{"id":380,"year":381,"html":382,"doi":11},16122840,1934,"Harada (1934) Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University: 4,[2]: 279.",{"id":384,"year":381,"html":385,"doi":11},16122841,"Kerr (1934) University of Nevada Bulletin 28, no. 2.",{"id":387,"year":388,"html":389,"doi":11},16109575,1936,"Royer (1936) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 202: 1346.",{"id":391,"year":392,"html":393,"doi":394},233841,1938,"Kerr, Paul Francis (1938) Tungsten mineralization at Oreana, Nevada. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (4) 390-427 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.33.4.390'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.33.4.390\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.33.4.390",{"id":396,"year":397,"html":398,"doi":11},16122844,1940,"Servigne (1940) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 210: 440.",{"id":400,"year":397,"html":401,"doi":11},16969995,"Lacroix, Alfred (1940) Les gisements de phlogopite de l'Extrême-Sud de Madagascar. \u003Ci>Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris\u003C\u002Fi>,  210 (1) 273-276",{"id":403,"year":404,"html":405,"doi":11},16122845,1941,"Wilson (1941) Arizona Bureau of Mines, Geology Series, Bull. 148.",{"id":407,"year":408,"html":409,"doi":410},233575,1943,"Greenwood, Robert (1943) Effect of chemical impurities on scheelite fluorescence. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (1) 56-64 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.38.1.56'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.38.1.56\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.38.1.56",{"id":412,"year":408,"html":413,"doi":11},16122847,"Marsh (1943) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 577.",{"id":415,"year":408,"html":416,"doi":11},16122848,"Sillén and Nylander (1943) Arkiv för Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi, Stockholm: 17A, no. 4.",{"id":418,"year":419,"html":420,"doi":421},233477,1945,"Johnston, William Drumm, Moacyr de Vasconcellos, Francisco (1945) Scheelite in northeastern Brazil. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  40 (1) 34-50 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.40.1.34'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.40.1.34\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.40.1.34",{"id":423,"year":424,"html":425,"doi":11},16122850,1949,"Ramdohr (1949) Heidelberger Beitr. Zur Min.: 1: 105.",{"id":427,"year":428,"html":429,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":431,"year":432,"html":433,"doi":11},16122852,1956,"National Bureau of Standards Circular 539 (1956), 6, 23.",{"id":435,"year":436,"html":437,"doi":438},2037096,1964,"Kay, M. I., Frazer, B. C., Almodovar, I. (1964) Neutron Diffraction Refinement of CaWO4. \u003Ci>The Journal of Chemical Physics\u003C\u002Fi>,  40 (2) 504-506 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.1725144'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.1725144\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.1725144",{"id":440,"year":441,"html":442,"doi":443},229385,1983,"So, Chil-Sup, Shelton, Kevin Louis, Seidemann, David E., Skinner, Brian J. (1983) The Dae Hwa tungsten-molybdenum mine, Republic of Korea; a geochemical study. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  78 (5) 920-930 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.78.5.920'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.78.5.920\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.78.5.920",{"id":445,"year":446,"html":447,"doi":448},5818938,1985,"Hazen, Robert M., Finger, Larry W., Mariathasan, Joseph W.E. (1985) High-pressure crystal chemistry of scheelite-type tungstates and molybdates. \u003Ci>Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids\u003C\u002Fi>, 46. 253-263 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0022-3697(85)90039-3'>doi:10.1016\u002F0022-3697(85)90039-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0022-3697(85)90039-3",{"id":450,"year":451,"html":452,"doi":11},16122856,1989,"Kempe, U. & Wolf, D. (1989): Entmischungen von Seyrigit in Molybdoscheelit. Chemie der Erde 49, 5-6.",{"id":454,"year":455,"html":456,"doi":11},529568,1993,"Raimbault, Louis, Baumer, Alain, Dubru, Michel, Benkerrou, Constance, Croze, Veronique, Zahm, Alain (1993) REE fractionation between scheelite and apatite in hydrothermal conditions. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  78 (11-12) 1275-1285 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM78\u002FAM78_1275.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":458,"year":459,"html":460,"doi":461},1274,1999,"Gaft, M., Panczer, G., Uspensky, E., Reisfeld, R. (1999) Laser-induced time-resolved luminescence of rare-earth elements in scheelite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  63 (2) 199-210 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002F002646199548439'>doi:10.1180\u002F002646199548439\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_63\u002F63-2-199.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002F002646199548439",{"id":463,"year":464,"html":465,"doi":11},16967185,2005,"(2005) Scheelite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fscheelite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":467,"year":468,"html":469,"doi":470},64309,2006,"Brugger, J., Etschmann, B., Chu, Y. S., Harland, C., Vogt, S., Ryan, C., Jones, H. (2006) The oxidation state of europium in hydrothermal scheelite: In situ measurement by XANES spectroscopy. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (5). 1079-1087 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.5.1079'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.5.1079\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.5.1079",{"id":472,"year":473,"html":474,"doi":475},11889572,2008,"Czaja, M., Bodył, S., Głuchowski, P., Mazurak, Z., Strek, W. (2008) Luminescence properties of rare earth ions in fluorite, apatite and scheelite minerals. \u003Ci>Journal of Alloys and Compounds\u003C\u002Fi>, 451. 290-292 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jallcom.2007.04.058'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jallcom.2007.04.058\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jallcom.2007.04.058",[477,487,494,500,505,515,520,525,530,538,543,548,556,564,573,581,588,598,606,615,623,629,635],{"id":478,"source_url":479,"license_code":480,"credit_html":481,"title":482,"description":483,"author":484,"original_width":485,"original_height":486},21729,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5284868","Public domain","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5284868\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scheelite 1.jpg","scheelite : Yaogangxian Mine, Yaogangxian W-Sn ore field, Yizhang Co., Chenzhou Prefecture, Hunan Province, China","Géry PARENT",4288,2848,{"id":488,"source_url":489,"license_code":490,"credit_html":491,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":492,"original_height":493},30677,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128424","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128424\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",768,1000,{"id":495,"source_url":496,"license_code":480,"credit_html":497,"title":498,"description":499,"author":484,"original_width":485,"original_height":486},21730,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8858731","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8858731\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scheelite, mica, UV shortwave.jpg","scheelite, mica var. muscovite, SW UV illumination : Yaogangxian Mine, Yaogangxian W-Sn ore field, Yizhang Co., Chenzhou Prefecture, Hunan Province, China",{"id":501,"source_url":502,"license_code":490,"credit_html":503,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":493,"original_height":504},30678,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127996","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127996\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",679,{"id":506,"source_url":507,"license_code":508,"credit_html":509,"title":510,"description":511,"author":512,"original_width":513,"original_height":514},21731,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10460740","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10460740\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scheelite-rare08-2-25a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FScheelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Scheelite\">Scheelite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Traversella Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTraversella\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Traversella\">Traversella\u003C\u002Fa>, Chiusella Valley, Canavese District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Turin\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Turin\">Torino Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPiedmont\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Piedmont\">Piedmont\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2105.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 1.7 x 1.3 x 1.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Scheelite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very cute, gemmy, translucent thumbnail with yellow-orange color, fromn this classic old locality. ex. Jean Behier and Eric Asselborn Collections\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",800,650,{"id":516,"source_url":517,"license_code":490,"credit_html":518,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":519,"original_height":493},30679,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128413","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128413\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",732,{"id":521,"source_url":522,"license_code":480,"credit_html":523,"title":524,"description":499,"author":484,"original_width":485,"original_height":486},21732,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10784484","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10784484\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scheelite, mica, UVL 1.jpg",{"id":526,"source_url":527,"license_code":490,"credit_html":528,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":529,"original_height":493},30680,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128423","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128423\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",839,{"id":531,"source_url":532,"license_code":480,"credit_html":533,"title":534,"description":535,"author":484,"original_width":536,"original_height":537},21733,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10784546","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10784546\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scheelite, mica UVL.jpg","scheelite, mica var. muscovite, LW UV illumination : Huya W-Sn-Be deposit (Pingwu beryl mine), Huya village, Mt Xuebaoding, Pingwu Co., Mianyang Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China",3702,2699,{"id":539,"source_url":540,"license_code":490,"credit_html":541,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":493,"original_height":542},30681,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65246","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65246\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",958,{"id":544,"source_url":545,"license_code":490,"credit_html":546,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":493,"original_height":547},30682,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128404","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128404\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",919,{"id":549,"source_url":550,"license_code":480,"credit_html":551,"title":552,"description":553,"author":484,"original_width":554,"original_height":555},21734,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11373573","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11373573\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scheelite, quartz, UV short.jpg","scheelite, quartz, SW UV illumination : Huya W-Sn-Be deposit (Pingwu beryl mine), Huya village, Mt Xuebaoding, Pingwu Co., Mianyang Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China",2669,3906,{"id":557,"source_url":558,"license_code":480,"credit_html":559,"title":560,"description":561,"author":484,"original_width":562,"original_height":563},21735,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11373587","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11373587\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scheelite, quartz, dolomite.jpg","scheelite, quartz, dolomite : Huya W-Sn-Be deposit (Pingwu beryl mine), Huya village, Mt Xuebaoding, Pingwu Co., Mianyang Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China",2765,3941,{"id":565,"source_url":566,"license_code":490,"credit_html":567,"title":568,"description":569,"author":570,"original_width":571,"original_height":572},16893,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12750434","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12750434\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scheelite MHNT.MIN.2004.0.88 (p).jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FScheelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Scheelite\">Scheelite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mianyang Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMianyang\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mianyang\">Mianyang\u003C\u002Fa>, Mianyang Prefecture, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSichuan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sichuan\">Sichuan Province\u003C\u002Fa>, China\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 12.7 x 9.7 x 10.6 cm  1620 g cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",3357,2911,{"id":574,"source_url":575,"license_code":508,"credit_html":576,"title":577,"description":578,"author":512,"original_width":579,"original_height":580},6695,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10447064","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10447064\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cuprotungstite-Scheelite-den07-24b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCuprotungstite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cuprotungstite\">Cuprotungstite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FScheelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Scheelite\">Scheelite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Gold Hill District (Clifton District), Deep Creek Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTooele_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tooele County, Utah\">Tooele County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-25835.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.0 x 1.8 x 1.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Cuprotungstite XLS on Scheelite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>SHARP, definite crystals to 3 mm of the rare species Cuprotungstite are here perched atop an altering scheelite crystal (that is itself now partially Cuprotungstite ), on this amazing rare species piece from a very old US locality. Not much to look at, except dark green micros on a brown octo, but a very significant little treasure nonetheless. Sold by Cahn around WWI, judging by the address on his label.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",686,614,{"id":582,"source_url":583,"license_code":508,"credit_html":584,"title":585,"description":578,"author":512,"original_width":586,"original_height":587},6698,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10447067","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10447067\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cuprotungstite-Scheelite-den07-24a.jpg",760,692,{"id":589,"source_url":590,"license_code":591,"credit_html":592,"title":593,"description":594,"author":595,"original_width":596,"original_height":597},11408,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84516120","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84516120\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet-pyroxene-molybdenite-scheelite skarn (Late Cretaceous, 92 Ma; Reilly Mine, eastern side of Osgood Mountains, northern Nevada) 1 (15065590531).jpg","\u003Cp>Skarn from the Cretaceous of Nevada, USA. (field of view ~2.0 cm across)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Skarn is a contact metamorphic rock with a crystalline texture.  It forms by heating and addition of elements (metasomatism) to country rock in the immediate vicinity of an igneous intrusion (batholith, stock, sill, dike, laccolith).  Carbonate rock skarn is frequently called tactite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The rock shown above is an andradite-diopside skarn from Nevada having reddish-brown andradite garnets (ideally Ca3Fe2Si3O12), dark greenish diopside (a Ca-Mg pyroxene), silver-colored molybdenite (molybdenum sulfide - MoS2), a little quartz (silicon dioxide - SiO2), and a little scheelite (calcium tungstate - CaWO4).  The molybdenite content is high enough for this rock to qualify as a molybdenum ore.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Geology - contact metamorphosed limestones of the Comus Formation (Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician) against the Osgood Mountain Stock, an early Late Cretaceous (92 Ma) granodiorite intrusion.  The garnet-rich skarn zone around the Osgood Mountain Stock is moderately rich in tungsten (W) and occasional molybdenum (Mo).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality - Reilly Mine (section 9, T38N, R42E), Potosi District, eastern side of the Osgood Mountains (Osgood Range), eastern Humboldt County, northern Nevada, USA (= approximately 41° 11’ 21” North, 117° 15’ 03” West)","James St. John",3008,2000,{"id":599,"source_url":600,"license_code":591,"credit_html":601,"title":602,"description":603,"author":595,"original_width":604,"original_height":605},11410,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84516123","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84516123\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet-pyroxene-molybdenite-scheelite skarn (Late Cretaceous, 92 Ma; Reilly Mine, eastern side of Osgood Mountains, northern Nevada) 2 (15045617316).jpg","\u003Cp>Skarn from the Cretaceous of Nevada, USA. (field of view ~4.6 cm across)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Skarn is a contact metamorphic rock with a crystalline texture.  It forms by heating and addition of elements (metasomatism) to country rock in the immediate vicinity of an igneous intrusion (batholith, stock, sill, dike, laccolith).  Carbonate rock skarn is frequently called tactite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The rock shown above is an andradite-diopside skarn from Nevada having reddish-brown andradite garnets (ideally Ca3Fe2Si3O12), dark greenish diopside (a Ca-Mg pyroxene), scattered silver-colored molybdenite (molybdenum sulfide - MoS2), a little quartz (silicon dioxide - SiO2), and whitish-colored scheelite (calcium tungstate - CaWO4).  The molybdenite content is high enough for this rock to qualify as a molybdenum ore.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>How do I know that the white stuff is scheelite?  Well, scheelite fluoresces bright blue under ultraviolet (UV) light - see the next photo in this album.  The garnet, pyroxene, and molybdenite don't fluoresce under UV light.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Geology - contact metamorphosed limestones of the Comus Formation (Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician) against the Osgood Mountain Stock, an early Late Cretaceous (92 Ma) granodiorite intrusion.  The garnet-rich skarn zone around the Osgood Mountain Stock is moderately rich in tungsten (W) and occasional molybdenum (Mo).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality - Reilly Mine (section 9, T38N, R42E), Potosi District, eastern side of the Osgood Mountains (Osgood Range), eastern Humboldt County, northern Nevada, USA (= approximately 41° 11’ 21” North, 117° 15’ 03” West)",3072,2016,{"id":607,"source_url":608,"license_code":609,"credit_html":610,"title":611,"description":612,"author":613,"original_width":614,"original_height":605},24756,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163475469","CC0 1.0","Shannon Heinle, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163475469\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tungstite with scheelite (GeoDIL number - 197).jpg","Tungstite, hydrated tungsten oxide (WO3·H2O), forms as an alteration product of wolframite, (Fe,Mn)WO4, and other tungsten minerals. Here it is earthy to yellow, and associated with whitish scheelite, CaWO4. Tungstite is relatively common in tungsten ore deposits. This sample is about 5 cm across.","Shannon Heinle",3040,{"id":616,"source_url":617,"license_code":508,"credit_html":618,"title":619,"description":620,"author":512,"original_width":621,"original_height":622},50162,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159751","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159751\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Apatite-Scheelite-Cubanite-204051.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FScheelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Scheelite\">Scheelite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCubanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cubanite\">Cubanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMagnesite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Magnesite\">Magnesite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Morro Velho mine (incl. Mina Velha; Mina Grande), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNova_Lima\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nova Lima\">Nova Lima\u003C\u002Fa>, Iron Quadrangle, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-415.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.3 x 3.7 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rare, interesting, and fine combination specimen from the Morro Velho gold mine of Brazil. Most of this fine miniature is composed of gemmy, very glassy, hexagonal, parallel-growth, light pastel-pink apatite crystals. Lustrous, hexagonal, cubanite plates to 6 mm are richly peppered about and there are also a few lustrous, glassy, colorless. Nail-head magnesite rhombs to 1.9 cm on the fringe. The real highlight of this combination is the two yellow-orange scheelite crystals. The large, euhedral, 1.3 cm scheelite is hidden on one end and even though it is partially contacted, it is significant. Ex. Michael Jactat Collection, a French dealer and collector, who was active in Brazil at the time and collected fine miniatures for his own collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",708,750,{"id":624,"source_url":625,"license_code":508,"credit_html":626,"title":627,"description":620,"author":512,"original_width":628,"original_height":622},51271,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159752","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159752\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Apatite-Scheelite-Cubanite-204052.jpg",682,{"id":630,"source_url":631,"license_code":508,"credit_html":632,"title":633,"description":634,"author":512,"original_width":513,"original_height":492},54427,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=25300804","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=25300804\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite, Scheelite-352360.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa> pseudomorph after \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FScheelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Scheelite\">Scheelite\u003C\u002Fa> (= Reinite, size: 4.8 x 4.3 x 2.9 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Otome mine (Mitake mine), Kofu City, Kinpuzan district, Yamanashi prefecture, Chubu region, Honshu Island, Japan\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rare replacement from an old Japanese locale, this is a rare cluster of crystals with matrix. It is heavy, thick, and very 3-dimensional. The piece still carries on old label in Japanese and English noting that this is \"Reinite from Otomesake, Kai Prov.\" Interestingly the label may be associated with an organized collection by a metals factory related to the mining: \"Shimadzu Factory, Specimen Department.\" Rare, old material seldom seen in any quality. This specimen was at the Munich show last year (2009) and comes from the Christian Rewitzer collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":636,"source_url":637,"license_code":490,"credit_html":638,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":493,"original_height":621},88278,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128435","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128435\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",[640],{"id":641,"url":642,"label":643,"formula":644,"spacegroup":645,"year":446},12471,"\u002Fcif\u002F12471.cif","Hazen 1985","Ca W O4","I 41\u002Fa",[647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671],"Calcioscheelit","Calcioscheelita","Calcioscheelite","Calcium tungstate","Calciumwolframite","Lapides stanniferi spathecei","Scheelerz","Scheelin calcaire","Scheelspath","Schwerstein","Stannum spathosum subdiaphanum album","Tennspat","Trimonit","Trimonita","Trimonite","Trimontit","Trimontita","Trimontite","Tungstate of Lime","Tungstein","Tungsten (of Scheele)","Tungstite (of Delamëtherie)","Tunstitit","Tunstitita","Tunstitite",[673,677,681,685,689,693,697,701,705,708,712,716,720,724,730,734,738,742,745,748,752,756,759,763,766,769,772,776,779,783,786,790,795,799,802,805,808,812,815,818,821,825,828,832,836,839,843,847,850,853,857,860,863],{"lang":674,"names":675},"af",[676],"scheeliet",{"lang":678,"names":679},"be",[680],"Шэеліт",{"lang":682,"names":683},"bg",[684],"Шеелит",{"lang":686,"names":687},"ca",[688],"scheelita",{"lang":690,"names":691},"cs",[692],"scheelit",{"lang":694,"names":695},"de",[696],"Scheelit",{"lang":698,"names":699},"el",[700],"Σεελίτης",{"lang":702,"names":703},"eo",[704],"Scheelito",{"lang":706,"names":707},"es",[688],{"lang":709,"names":710},"et",[711],"šeeliit",{"lang":713,"names":714},"eu",[715],"Scheelita",{"lang":717,"names":718},"fa",[719],"شئلیت",{"lang":721,"names":722},"fi",[723],"Scheeliitti",{"lang":725,"names":726},"fr",[727,649,651,728,729,7,664],"7790-75-2","CaWO4","Schéelin calcaire",{"lang":731,"names":732},"ga",[733],"sílít",{"lang":735,"names":736},"he",[737],"סצ'ילייט",{"lang":739,"names":740},"hy",[741],"Շեելիտ",{"lang":743,"names":744},"id",[696],{"lang":746,"names":747},"it",[7],{"lang":749,"names":750},"ja",[751],"灰重石",{"lang":753,"names":754},"ka",[755],"შეელიტი",{"lang":757,"names":758},"kk",[684],{"lang":760,"names":761},"kk-arab",[762],"شەيەلىيت",{"lang":764,"names":765},"kk-cn",[762],{"lang":767,"names":768},"kk-cyrl",[684],{"lang":770,"names":771},"kk-kz",[684],{"lang":773,"names":774},"kk-latn",[775],"Şeyelït",{"lang":777,"names":778},"kk-tr",[775],{"lang":780,"names":781},"ko",[782],"회중석",{"lang":784,"names":785},"ky",[684],{"lang":787,"names":788},"lt",[789],"Šeelitas",{"lang":791,"names":792},"mk",[793,794],"шеелит","Шелит",{"lang":796,"names":797},"nb",[798],"scheelitt",{"lang":800,"names":801},"nl",[676],{"lang":803,"names":804},"nn",[798],{"lang":806,"names":807},"oc",[715],{"lang":809,"names":810},"pl",[696,811],"Szelit",{"lang":813,"names":814},"pt",[688,7],{"lang":816,"names":817},"ru",[684],{"lang":819,"names":820},"sl",[728,692],{"lang":822,"names":823},"sr",[824],"шелит",{"lang":826,"names":827},"sv",[696,7],{"lang":829,"names":830},"tr",[831],"Şelit",{"lang":833,"names":834},"uk",[835],"Шеєліт",{"lang":837,"names":838},"vi",[696,7],{"lang":840,"names":841},"za",[842],"bwzvuhgvang",{"lang":844,"names":845},"zh",[846],"白钨矿",{"lang":848,"names":849},"zh-cn",[846],{"lang":851,"names":852},"zh-hans",[846],{"lang":854,"names":855},"zh-hant",[856],"白鎢礦",{"lang":858,"names":859},"zh-hk",[856],{"lang":861,"names":862},"zh-sg",[846],{"lang":864,"names":865},"zh-tw",[856],"Q409096",{"history":868,"applications":872},{"markdown":869,"model_version":870,"prompt_version":871,"reviewed_at":11},"The mineral now called scheelite carried, for most of its early history, the name that today belongs to a chemical element. The Swedes called it *tungsten* — Swedish for **heavy stone** — because a crystal of it weighed far more than its size suggested[1]. The terminology has been untangling itself ever since.\n\nThe mineral was first described in 1751, at Mount Bispbergs klack near Säter, in the Swedish province of Dalarna[2]. At that point it was a curiosity — a dense, pale, well-formed crystal with no known purpose and an awkward name shared with no other substance.\n\nThat changed in 1781. The Swedish chemist and apothecary Carl Wilhelm Scheele dissolved the mineral in acid and recovered a new oxide, which he called **tungstic acid**[3]. He had proved that the heavy stone contained an element no one had isolated. Two years later, in 1783, the Spanish chemists Juan José and Fausto Elhuyar reduced that acid with charcoal and obtained the metal itself[4].\n\nThis is where the names tangle. In English, the metal kept the Swedish word *tungsten* — even though the Swedes themselves used that word for the mineral, not the element. In German, Spanish, French and most Slavic languages, the metal is *wolfram*, after another tungsten ore called wolframite[5]. The symbol **W** on the periodic table, introduced by the chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius, preserves the wolfram lineage in chemistry worldwide[6].\n\nThe mineral itself needed a new name. In 1821, the German mineralogist Karl Caesar von Leonhard proposed **scheelite**, posthumously honouring Scheele[7]. Leonhard's name held, and the older Swedish *tungsten* moved entirely to the element.\n\nFor the rest of the 19th century scheelite remained a curiosity of mineral cabinets. It acquired commercial value in the 20th century, when tungsten metal became used in alloy steels and in the filaments of electric lamps[8].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":873,"model_version":870,"prompt_version":871,"reviewed_at":11},"Scheelite is an important ore of tungsten[1]. Its industrial life today is, almost entirely, the industrial life of the metal it carries.\n\nThe dominant use of tungsten, accounting for roughly half of global consumption, is **tungsten carbide** in cemented carbides[2]. These are wear-resistant composites — also called hardmetals — in which hard carbide grains are held together by a metallic binder. The result is a cutting edge that lasts: drill bits, machining tools and gauges, and the dies used by the metalworking, mining and construction industries[3]. When a metalworking, mining or construction operation needs something harder than steel and tougher than a ceramic, it reaches for tungsten carbide.\n\nTungsten metal goes into a second tier of demanding applications. Drawn into fine wire, it forms the electrodes used in welding and the filaments still found in some specialty lamps[4]. Alloyed into tool steels, it produces cutting steels that hold their hardness even when red-hot from friction[5]. Alloyed into superalloys, it strengthens the turbine blades of jet engines and the components of rocket-engine nozzles, where temperatures push other metals toward creep[6].\n\nTwo further uses lean on tungsten's exceptional density. Heavy-metal alloys are cast or sintered for armaments, heat sinks, counterweights and other high-density applications[7]. Tungsten chemical compounds, meanwhile, serve as catalysts, inorganic pigments and high-temperature lubricants[8].\n\nScheelite also has a use that does not require extracting the metal at all. The mineral fluoresces under ultraviolet light, and that response is exploited in phosphors — scintillators for X-ray and gamma-ray detection, and fluorescent lighting that converts ultraviolet to visible light[9].\n\nSupply is the awkward part of the story. China produced more than 80 percent of the world's mined tungsten in 2016 and holds nearly two-thirds of known reserves[10]. One of the largest scheelite mining operations sits in Luoyang, in central China[11]."]