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This village had a nearby tin mine where, in addition to cassiterite, a lot of black tourmaline was found. First mentioned by Ulrich Rülein von Calw 1505. The first relatively detailed description of schorl with the name \"schürl\" and its occurrence (various tin mines in the Saxony Ore Mountains) was written by Johannes Mathesius (1504-1565) in 1562 under the title \"Sarepta oder Bergpostill\". Up to about 1600, additional names used in the German language were \"Schurel\", \"Schörle\", and \"Schurl\". From the 18th century on, the name \"Schörl\" was mainly used in the German-speaking area. In English, the names \"shorl\" and \"shirl\" were used in the 18th century for schorl. In the 19th century the names \"common schorl\", \"schörl\", \"schorl\" and \"iron tourmaline\" were used in the Anglo-Saxon area (Ertl, 2006). 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","3.3",{"id":342,"name":343,"entrytype":9,"csystem":41,"ima_formula":344,"mindat_formula":344,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},43563,"Vanadio-oxy-dravite","NaV\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[346,350],{"id":347,"name":348,"entrytype":94,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":11,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":349},289,"Aquamarine",33434,{"id":351,"name":352,"entrytype":9,"csystem":353,"ima_formula":354,"mindat_formula":355,"hmin":356,"hmax":356,"dmeas":357,"dcalc":358,"primary_image_id":11},4192,"Vistepite","Triclinic","Mn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>SnB\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","SnMn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",4.5,"3.67","3.70",[],[],2528,[363,367,371,375,379,383,387,392,396,400,404,408,412,415,420,424,428,431,435,439,444,448,452,456,460,464,469,474],{"id":364,"year":365,"html":366,"doi":11},16122928,1505,"Rülein von Calw, U. (1505) Ein wolgeordnetz: unnd nuczlicho büchlin wie man bergwerck suchen und erfinden sol von allerlay mettal die denn die sieben planeten generieren und würcken yeglicher nach seiner natur ....-Augsburg, printed by Erhart Ratdolt (first description as \"schorlein\" or \"schörlein\", occurring in placers together with gold or tin ore in Saxony)",{"id":368,"year":369,"html":370,"doi":11},16122929,1562,"Mathesius, J. (1562) Sarepta oder Bergpostill sampt der Joachimßthalischen kurtzen Chroniken.- Nürnberg, Johann vom Berg and Ulrich Newber, 233 p. (description)",{"id":372,"year":373,"html":374,"doi":11},16122930,1748,"Linné, C. (1748) Systema Naturæ sistens regna tria naturæ, in classes et ordines, genera et species, redacta tabulisque æneis illustrata.- Lipsiæ, Godofr. Kiesewetteri, p. 181. [description of the crystals, first drawing of a schorl crystal]",{"id":376,"year":377,"html":378,"doi":11},16122931,1785,"Wiegleb, J.C. (1785) Crells Chemische Annalen: 246-253. [first quantitative chemical analysis of schorl, material from Burkhardsgrün near Zschorlau, Saxony]",{"id":380,"year":381,"html":382,"doi":11},16772136,1810,"Klaproth, M. H. (1810) Chemische Untersuchung des gemeinen Schörls. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5. Rottmann. p.144-149.",{"id":384,"year":385,"html":386,"doi":11},16122933,1965,"Barsanov, G.P., Yakovleva, M.E. (1965) Tourmalines of schorl composition. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Mineralogicheshkii Muzei, Moscow: 16: 3-44.",{"id":388,"year":389,"html":390,"doi":391},338262,1974,"Neiva, Ana M.R. (1974) Geochemistry of tourmaline (schorlite) from granites, aplites and pegmatites from Northern Portugal. \u003Ci>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (8) 1307-1317 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0016-7037(74)90124-0'>doi:10.1016\u002F0016-7037(74)90124-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0016-7037(74)90124-0",{"id":393,"year":394,"html":395,"doi":11},17093586,1975,"Fortier, S., Donnay, G. (1975) Schorl refinement showing composition dependence of the tourmaline structure. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (2) 173-177 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM13_173.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":397,"year":398,"html":399,"doi":11},16107938,1981,"Povondra, P. (1981) The crystal chemistry of tourmalines of the schorl-dravite series. Acta Univ. Carol., Geol. 3: 223-264.",{"id":401,"year":402,"html":403,"doi":11},16122936,1988,"Leavens, P.B., Rheingold, A.L., Dietrich, R.V. (1988) Crystal structure of a uvite-schorl tourmaline. V.M. Goldschmidt conference; program and abstracts: 56.",{"id":405,"year":406,"html":407,"doi":11},528649,1989,"Foit, Franklin F., Jr., (1989) Crystal chemistry of alkali-deficient schorl and tourmaline structural relationships. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (3-4) 422-431 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM74\u002FAM74_422.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":409,"year":410,"html":411,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":413,"year":410,"html":414,"doi":11},16207984,"Pieczka, A., Kraczka, J. (1996) X-ray and Mössbauer study of black tourmalines (schorls) from Szklary (Lower Silesia, Poland). Mineralogia Polonica, 27, 33-40.",{"id":416,"year":417,"html":418,"doi":419},127738,1999,"Aurisicchio, Carlo, Ottolini, Luisa, Pezzotta, Federicο (1999) Electron- and ion-microprobe analyses, and genetic inferences of tourmalines of the foitite-schorl solid solution, Elba Island (Italy) \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (2) 217-226 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F11\u002F2\u002F0217'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F11\u002F2\u002F0217\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F11\u002F2\u002F0217",{"id":421,"year":417,"html":422,"doi":423},394001,"Bloodaxe, Erich S., Hughes, John M., Dyar, M. Darby, Grew, Edward S., Guidotti, Charles V. (1999) Linking structure and chemistry in the schorl-dravite series. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  84 (5) 922-928 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1999-5-627'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1999-5-627\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol84\u002FAM84_922.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1999-5-627",{"id":425,"year":426,"html":427,"doi":11},16122940,2001,"Ertl, A., Pertlik, F., Bernhardt, H.-J. (2001): Ein hell-blauer Olenit-Schörl-Dravit Mischkristall von Ebersdorf, Niederösterreich: Strukturanalyse und Chemie. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft: 146: 75-77.",{"id":429,"year":426,"html":430,"doi":11},16967208,"(2001) Schorl. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fschorl.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":432,"year":426,"html":433,"doi":434},5143206,"Kraczka, J., Pieczka, A. (2001) Crystallochemical Structure of Tourmalines Inferred from Mössbauer Spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Acta Physica Polonica A\u003C\u002Fi>, 100 (5). 743-750 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12693\u002Faphyspola.100.743'>doi:10.12693\u002Faphyspola.100.743\u003C\u002Fa>","10.12693\u002Faphyspola.100.743",{"id":436,"year":437,"html":438,"doi":11},16122942,2002,"Ondrus, P., Vrana, S., Maslan, M. (2002): Chemical composition and crystal structure refinement of schorl from the Lundazi pegmatite field, Zambia. Vestnik Ceskeho Geologickeho Ustavu: 77: 23-28.",{"id":440,"year":441,"html":442,"doi":443},128337,2004,"Pieczka, Adam, Kraczka, Janusz (2004) Oxidized tourmalines - a combined chemical, XRD and Mossbauer study. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (2) 309-321 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0309'>doi:10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0309\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0309",{"id":445,"year":441,"html":446,"doi":447},128339,"Bosi, Ferdinando, Lucchesi, Sergio (2004) Crystal chemistry of the schorl-dravite series. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (2) 335-344 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0335'>doi:10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0335\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0335",{"id":449,"year":450,"html":451,"doi":11},16122944,2006,"Ertl, A. (2006): Über die Etymologie und die Typlokalitäten des Minerals Schörl [About the etymology and the type-localities of schorl] Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 152, 7–16  (in German with English abstract). [Abs. in Mineral. Abs., 06M\u002F3855].",{"id":453,"year":454,"html":455,"doi":11},16122947,2008,"tw.strahlen.org (n.d.) \u003Ca target='_blank' rel='nofollow' href='http:\u002F\u002Ftw.strahlen.org\u002Ftyploc\u002Fschoerl.html'>http:\u002F\u002Ftw.strahlen.org\u002Ftyploc\u002Fschoerl.html\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":457,"year":458,"html":459,"doi":11},17093585,2015,"Bačík, P. (2015) Cation ordering at octahedral sites in schorl-dravite series tourmalines. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (3) 571-590",{"id":461,"year":458,"html":462,"doi":463},244649,"Bosi, Ferdinando, Andreozzi, Giovanni B., Hålenius, Ulf, Skogby, Henrik (2015) Experimental evidence for partial Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup> disorder at the \u003Ci>Y\u003C\u002Fi> and \u003Ci>Z\u003C\u002Fi> sites of tourmaline: a combined EMP, SREF, MS, IR and OAS study of schorl. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (3) 515-528 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2015.079.3.01'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2015.079.3.01\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2015.079.3.01",{"id":465,"year":466,"html":467,"doi":468},16134753,2016,"Dyar, M. Darby, Meyer, Hans-Peter, Rossman, George R., Henry, Darrell J., Prem, Markus, Ludwig, Thomas, Nasdala, Lutz, Lengauer, Christian L., Tillmanns, Ekkehart, Niedermayr, Gerhard, Ertl, Andreas, Kolitsch, Uwe, Dyar, M. Darby, Meyer, Hans-Peter, Rossman, George R., Henry, Darrell J., Prem, Markus, Ludwig, Thomas, Nasdala, Lutz, Lengauer, Christian L., Tillmanns, Ekkehart, Niedermayr, Gerhard (2016) Fluor-schorl, a new member of the tourmaline supergroup, and new data on schorl from the cotype localities. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (1) 163-177 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2015\u002F0027-2501'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2015\u002F0027-2501\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FEJM28_163.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2015\u002F0027-2501",{"id":470,"year":471,"html":472,"doi":473},4570445,2020,"Andreozzi, Giovanni B., Bosi, Ferdinando, Celata, Beatrice, Capizzi, Luca S., Stagno, Vincenzo, Beckett-Brown, Christopher E. (2020) Crystal-chemical behavior of Fe2+ in tourmaline dictated by structural stability: insights from a schorl with formula NaY(Fe2+2Al)Z(Al5Fe2+)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH,F) from Seagull batholith (Yukon Territory, Canada) \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  47 (6) 25 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-020-01094-7'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-020-01094-7\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-020-01094-7",{"id":475,"year":476,"html":477,"doi":478},17194804,2024,"Pasetti, Lorenzo, Fornasini, Laura, Mantovani, Luciana, Andò, Sergio, Raneri, Simona, Palleschi, Vincenzo, Bersani, Danilo (2024) Study of Mg–Fe content in tourmalines from the dravite–schorl series by Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>,  55 (2) 276-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.6645'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.6645\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fepdf\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.6645' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.6645",[480,487,496,506,513,520,527,533,540,547,555,563,573,581,589,599,606,615,623,631,637,645,655,663,671,679,686,692,698,707,714,721,727,734,741,747,754,761,768,774,782,788,795,802],{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":483,"credit_html":484,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":485,"original_height":486},30685,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F170493","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F170493\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,775,{"id":488,"source_url":489,"license_code":483,"credit_html":490,"title":491,"description":492,"author":493,"original_width":494,"original_height":495},21804,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99567664","Ivar Leidus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99567664\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl - Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg","Black terminated schorl crystal (6.5 × 5.0 × 4.5 cm) from Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil","Ivar Leidus",4600,5600,{"id":497,"source_url":498,"license_code":499,"credit_html":500,"title":501,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":504,"original_height":505},21805,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433092","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433092\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline 7.jpg","A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with subtriangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl.  A dark brown, Mg-rich variety is called dravite.  Other types of tourmaline include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003","James St. John",2421,1914,{"id":507,"source_url":508,"license_code":499,"credit_html":509,"title":510,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":511,"original_height":512},21806,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433095","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433095\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline 6.jpg",2245,2127,{"id":514,"source_url":515,"license_code":499,"credit_html":516,"title":517,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":518,"original_height":519},21807,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433100","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433100\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline 8.jpg",2650,1964,{"id":521,"source_url":522,"license_code":499,"credit_html":523,"title":524,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":525,"original_height":526},21808,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433102","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433102\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline 10.jpg",2328,2217,{"id":528,"source_url":529,"license_code":499,"credit_html":530,"title":531,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":402,"original_height":532},21809,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433103","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433103\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline 9.jpg",2231,{"id":534,"source_url":535,"license_code":499,"credit_html":536,"title":537,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":538,"original_height":539},78525,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433110","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433110\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline 11.jpg",2425,1897,{"id":541,"source_url":542,"license_code":499,"credit_html":543,"title":544,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":545,"original_height":546},78526,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433114","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433114\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline 12.jpg",2524,1871,{"id":548,"source_url":549,"license_code":499,"credit_html":550,"title":551,"description":552,"author":503,"original_width":553,"original_height":554},78527,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433115","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433115\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline (Erongo Granite, Early Cretaceous, 144 Ma; Erongo Mountains, Namibia).jpg","Schorl tourmaline from the Cretaceous of Namibia.\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 6000 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with subtriangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl.  The dark brown, Mg-rich dravite is another moderately common variety of tourmaline.  Other varieties include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a cluster of schorl tourmaline crystals from the Erongo Granite of Namibia.  The Erongo Granite is a subvolcanic ring dike granite.  It represents magma that cooled underneath an ancient, now-deeply eroded volcano.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Geologic unit: Erongo Granite, Erongo Complex (Erongo Volcanic Complex), Damara Orogenic Zone (Damara Belt), ~earliest Cretaceous, 144 Ma\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded \u002F undisclosed site in the Erongo Mountains, Omaruru District, Namibia\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003",2917,2497,{"id":556,"source_url":557,"license_code":499,"credit_html":558,"title":559,"description":560,"author":503,"original_width":561,"original_height":562},78528,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433125","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433125\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline in granite (Municipal Quarry, Cumberland County, Maine, USA).jpg","Schorl tourmaline in granite from Maine, USA.\n\u003Cp>Black = radiating clusters of schorl tourmaline\nGray = quartz\nCreamy-white = feldspar\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 6000 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with subtriangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl.  The dark brown, Mg-rich dravite is another moderately common variety of tourmaline.  Other varieties include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Municipal Quarry, southwestern side of the town of West Cumberland & north of Portland, Cumberland County, southwestern Maine, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003",3610,2618,{"id":564,"source_url":565,"license_code":566,"credit_html":567,"title":568,"description":569,"author":570,"original_width":571,"original_height":572},55473,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138803","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138803\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl-117503.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11.7 x 3 x 2.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Unusual and very attractive Schorl of considerable size (over 11 cm) and excellent luster. What makes it so unusual are the terminations. The top has a beautiful complex tiered termination, while towards the base the crystal splays into dozens of small tips (characteristic of the tourmaline species FOITITE, though I haven’t analyzed this piece). Not your normal Schorl - this one is very distinctive! Much better in person. 168 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",196,500,{"id":574,"source_url":575,"license_code":566,"credit_html":576,"title":577,"description":578,"author":570,"original_width":579,"original_height":580},57186,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144225","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144225\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beryl-Schorl-139986.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryl\">Beryl\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryl\">Goshenite\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This dramatic \"castle\" of crystals is really interesting in its aesthetics, and although these are not gemmy per se, they have a good glassy lustre to them. 6.1 x 3.0 x 2.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",425,800,{"id":582,"source_url":583,"license_code":566,"credit_html":584,"title":585,"description":586,"author":570,"original_width":587,"original_height":588},57190,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171341","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171341\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beryl-Schorl-273217.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryl\">Beryl\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryl\">Goshenite\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.8 x 5 x 4.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Isolated, glassy, lustrous, gemmy crystals to 1.6 cm on muscovite matrix. Minor schorl association provides a nice contrast.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,300,{"id":590,"source_url":591,"license_code":592,"credit_html":593,"title":594,"description":595,"author":596,"original_width":597,"original_height":598},7398,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181778426","CC BY 4.0","AdamStejskal, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181778426\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tourmaline - schorl x dravite Pikarec Czech Republic.jpg","Tourmaline - schorl x dravite Pikarec Czech Republic nice specimens with nice fully terminated tops","AdamStejskal",6960,4640,{"id":600,"source_url":601,"license_code":566,"credit_html":602,"title":603,"description":604,"author":570,"original_width":605,"original_height":580},9066,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144232","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144232\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluorite-Schorl-139994.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFluorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fluorite\">Fluorite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Incredibly weird specimen with gemmy, transparent purple fluorites showing oriented growth and coloration patterns, perched atop a splaying schorl crystal! Dramtic and certainly unusual 7.5 x 4.1 x 3.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",485,{"id":218,"source_url":607,"license_code":608,"credit_html":609,"title":610,"description":611,"author":612,"original_width":613,"original_height":614},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=52079466","CC BY 3.0","Erik Vercammen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=52079466\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluor-schorl-637554.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFluor-schorl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fluor-schorl\">Fluor-schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tennvatn pegmatite, Sørfold, Nordland, Norway\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Dimensions: 23 mm x 11 mm x 10 mm. Largest Crystal Size: 5 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: One of the new members of the expanding tourmalinegroup. From rare-mineral dealer J.Hyrsl. Photo and collection Erik Vercammen\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Erik Vercammen",1400,1050,{"id":616,"source_url":617,"license_code":483,"credit_html":618,"title":619,"description":620,"author":621,"original_width":450,"original_height":622},27640,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=67405991","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=67405991\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, elbaite, schorl, quartz.jpg","beryl var. alkali-beryl, tourmaline var. elbaite, tourmaline var. schorl, quartz : Deo Darrah, Khas & Kuran wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan","Géry PARENT",1447,{"id":624,"source_url":625,"license_code":483,"credit_html":626,"title":627,"description":628,"author":621,"original_width":629,"original_height":630},27643,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130536","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130536\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, muscovite, schorl.jpg","beryl var. alkali-beryl, mica var. muscovite, tourmaline var. schorl : Deo Darrah, Khas & Kuran wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan",1995,1557,{"id":632,"source_url":633,"license_code":483,"credit_html":634,"title":635,"description":628,"author":621,"original_width":389,"original_height":636},27644,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130537","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130537\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, muscovite, schorl 1.jpg",1423,{"id":638,"source_url":639,"license_code":483,"credit_html":640,"title":641,"description":642,"author":621,"original_width":643,"original_height":644},27645,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130538","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82130538\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, muscovite, quartz, schorl.jpg","beryl var. alkali-beryl, mica var. muscovite, quartz, tourmaline var. schorl : Deo Darrah, Khas & Kuran wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan",1976,1401,{"id":646,"source_url":647,"license_code":648,"credit_html":649,"title":650,"description":651,"author":652,"original_width":653,"original_height":654},31113,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12309542","CC0 1.0","Parent PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12309542\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tourmaline 8.jpg","tourmalines var. achroïte, tourmaline var. schorl : Governador Valadares, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil","Parent PARENT",4288,2848,{"id":656,"source_url":657,"license_code":499,"credit_html":658,"title":659,"description":660,"author":503,"original_width":661,"original_height":662},31125,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=165241237","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=165241237\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl tourmaline coated with muscovite mica (Keystone Mining Distict, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 3.jpg","Schorl tourmaline coated with muscovite mica from South Dakota, USA. (Karl E. Limper Geology Museum collection, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 6100 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with subtriangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl.  A dark brown, Mg-rich variety is called dravite.  Other types of tourmaline include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Exhibit info.:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline (variety Schorl)\nKeystone Mining District, South Dakota\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The mineral tourmaline has a very complex chemistry because its crystal structure allows many different elements to fit within it; this leads to a very wide range of different colored varieties.  This dark variety, called schorl, is by far the most common and is rich in sodium and ferrous iron.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded \u002F undisclosed site in the Keystone Mining District, Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003",3413,1603,{"id":664,"source_url":665,"license_code":566,"credit_html":666,"title":667,"description":668,"author":570,"original_width":669,"original_height":670},33437,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10447870","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10447870\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beryl-Schorl-aqu12a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryl\">Beryl\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.6 x 4.4 x 2.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Aquamarine with Schorl\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A triangular-shaped cluster of glassy and gemmy aquas to 2.8 cm in length, perched on a matrix of white feldspar along with splendent, black crystals of schorl, to 1.5 cm across. The terminations of the aquas are transparent and nearly pristine.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1800,1468,{"id":672,"source_url":673,"license_code":566,"credit_html":674,"title":675,"description":676,"author":570,"original_width":677,"original_height":678},50437,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145980","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145980\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Schorl-Montmorillonite-150550.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontmorillonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montmorillonite\">Montmorillonite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCookeite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cookeite\">Cookeite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Southern Pacific Silica Quarry (Nuevo Quarry), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNuevo,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nuevo, California\">Nuevo\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRiverside_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Riverside County, California\">Riverside County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3527.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 13.1 x 3.9 x 2.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A quartz crystal densely included with a variety of Riverside County minerals - montmorillonite (clay), the whitish stuff, along with cookeite -- and, a cluster of schorl tourmaline crystals, including one long one that extends most of the way up the side of the quartz crystal. There are little needle-like crystals of schorl shooting through the center of the quartz as well.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",219,600,{"id":680,"source_url":681,"license_code":566,"credit_html":682,"title":683,"description":684,"author":570,"original_width":580,"original_height":685},55474,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175889","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175889\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl-Fluorite-Feldspar-Group-129519.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFluorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fluorite\">Fluorite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFeldspar\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Feldspar\">Feldspar\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFoitite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Foitite\">Foitite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A strange combination specimen featuring a single stark green fluorite isolated on top of schorl crystals. This in itself is unusual. The larger crystals are schorl, and I am told (though havent analysed), that the smaller tourmaline crystals , almost needlelike, are the related tourmaline species foitite 6.5 x 5.8 x 3.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",708,{"id":687,"source_url":688,"license_code":566,"credit_html":689,"title":690,"description":691,"author":570,"original_width":580,"original_height":685},55475,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450222","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450222\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluorite-Foitite-Schorl-k-117a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFluorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fluorite\">Fluorite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFoitite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Foitite\">Foitite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.5 x 5.8 x 3.7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Schorl, Foitite, Fluorite on Feldspar\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A strange combination specimen featuring a single stark green fluorite isolated on top of schorl crystals. This in itself is unusual. The larger crystals are schorl, and I am told (though havent analysed), that the smaller tourmaline crystals , almost needlelike, are the related tourmaline species foitite\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":693,"source_url":694,"license_code":566,"credit_html":695,"title":696,"description":691,"author":570,"original_width":697,"original_height":587},55476,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450223","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450223\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluorite-Foitite-Schorl-k-117b.jpg",327,{"id":699,"source_url":700,"license_code":499,"credit_html":701,"title":702,"description":703,"author":704,"original_width":705,"original_height":706},55485,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113483783","Thomas Liske from Dresden, Deutschland, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113483783\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl rock - foitite (9146095513).jpg","\u003Cp>Erongo-Berge, Namibia\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n@ <a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.terra-mineralia.de\u002F\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.terra-mineralia.de\u002F\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">terra mineralia<\u002Fa>","Thomas Liske from Dresden, Deutschland",2576,4168,{"id":708,"source_url":709,"license_code":566,"credit_html":710,"title":711,"description":712,"author":570,"original_width":713,"original_height":580},57191,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10442268","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10442268\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Albite-Beryl-Schorl-sd317a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryl\">Beryl\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cryo-Genie Mine (Cindy B-Cryogenie; Lost Valley Truck Trail prospect), Warner Springs, Warner Springs District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-15973.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.6 x 2.8 x 2.8 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Goshenite with Schorl on Albite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An unusual goshenite specimen from this briefly-mined claim, now sadly exhausted (at least for practical purposes, and without a lot of dynamite). The Cryo-Genie Mine produced a huge variety of gem crystals in its brief lifetime in the late 1990s and early 2000s, among them this fine miniature from the \"goshenite pocket\". A stoudt single crystal is accented by schorl tourmalines here. Unusual. Ex. William Larson Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",614,{"id":715,"source_url":716,"license_code":566,"credit_html":717,"title":718,"description":719,"author":570,"original_width":720,"original_height":678},58792,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464407","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464407\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Albite-Herderite-Schorl-t06-16a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHerderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Herderite\">Herderite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShigar_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shigar Valley\">Shigar Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSkardu_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Skardu District\">Skardu District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baltistan\">Baltistan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit-Baltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit-Baltistan\">Northern Areas\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5420.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 3.3 x 3 x 2.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Herderite, Schorl and Albite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An extremely rare thing, this! Green herderites of this odd tabular form were found just once, about 5-6 years ago, and specimens are seldom obtainable today. I got this one from Herb Obodda, who brought them out at that time and seems to have found a straggler in his stock recently. This one features a 2 x 2 x 1 cm crystal perched on a knob of albite, with a small schorl hanging off one side for accent from that view; and the beautiful white of teh albite ball presenting on the other side. There is a smaller, secondary crystal nebeath the major crystal atop, but it is broken at its base anyhow and serves mainly as color accent, not the visual focus. I think these herderites are, to my taste, the finest for the species since the purple Brazilian ones came out in the 1960s\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",493,{"id":722,"source_url":723,"license_code":566,"credit_html":724,"title":725,"description":719,"author":570,"original_width":726,"original_height":678},58793,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464411","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464411\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Albite-Herderite-Schorl-t06-16b.jpg",546,{"id":728,"source_url":729,"license_code":566,"credit_html":730,"title":731,"description":732,"author":570,"original_width":733,"original_height":587},59852,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161496","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161496\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Opal-Schorl-215596.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOpal\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Opal\">Opal\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOpal\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Opal\">Opal-AN\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11.3 x 4.5 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The jet black schorl is complete, pristine, and has incredible lustre. It is accented by a thin drapery of snowy white hyalite opal which was deposited on the schorl crystals, dripping down from above perhaps. The contrast could not be any starker, making this schorl a very showy specimen. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",313,{"id":735,"source_url":736,"license_code":566,"credit_html":737,"title":738,"description":739,"author":740,"original_width":653,"original_height":654},68618,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22074338","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22074338\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, schorl, orthose.JPG","beryl var. morganite, tourmaline var. schorl, feldspar var. orthoclase : Chamachhu, Haramosh Mounts, Skardu District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas), Pakistan","Parent Géry",{"id":742,"source_url":743,"license_code":566,"credit_html":744,"title":745,"description":746,"author":740,"original_width":653,"original_height":654},68619,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22074343","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22074343\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, schorl 5.jpeg","beryl var. morganite, tourmaline var. schorl : Chamachhu, Haramosh Mounts, Skardu District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas), Pakistan",{"id":748,"source_url":749,"license_code":483,"credit_html":750,"title":751,"description":752,"author":621,"original_width":410,"original_height":753},68621,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575508","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575508\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, cleavelandite, schorl, quartz, lazurite 7100.4914.jpg","beryl var. morganite, albite var. cleavelandite, tourmaline var. schorl, quartz, lazurite : Kunar Mine, Kunar Valley, Konar Province (Kunar Province, Konarh Province, Konarha Province),  Afghanistan",1517,{"id":755,"source_url":756,"license_code":483,"credit_html":757,"title":758,"description":752,"author":621,"original_width":759,"original_height":760},68622,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575510","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575510\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, cleavelandite, schorl, quartz, lazurite 7100.4919.jpg",1994,1344,{"id":762,"source_url":763,"license_code":566,"credit_html":764,"title":765,"description":766,"author":570,"original_width":678,"original_height":767},80983,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169993","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169993\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Stokesite-Schorl-265774.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStokesite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Stokesite\">Stokesite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Urucum mine (Tim mine; Córrego do Urucum pegmatite), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGalil%C3%A9ia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Galiléia\">Galiléia\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-395.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 12.0 x 5.7 x 4.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a very rich specimen of the extremely rare tin species, stokesite. Although it occurs in other lcoales, in real crystals of interest to the collector, I think this is the only locality that has produced any quantity. Most of those crystals are in radial aggregates that looked as if they were glued together with natural cement, and are not exactly the prettiest of material. However, rarely, specimens like this with more individual, sharply terminated crystals can occur. This specimen must have 100 crystals, to 2mm or so, scattered about in rich veins on the surface of a large shard of schorl tourmaline.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",349,{"id":769,"source_url":770,"license_code":566,"credit_html":771,"title":772,"description":766,"author":570,"original_width":773,"original_height":587},80984,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169994","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169994\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Stokesite-Schorl-265775.jpg",331,{"id":775,"source_url":776,"license_code":566,"credit_html":777,"title":778,"description":779,"author":621,"original_width":780,"original_height":781},83483,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862141","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862141\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, schorl 3.jpg","beryl var. trapiche morganite, tourmaline var. schorl : Chamachhu, Haramosh Mounts, Skardu District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas), Pakistan - ∅ 19 mm",3549,2535,{"id":783,"source_url":784,"license_code":566,"credit_html":785,"title":786,"description":746,"author":740,"original_width":787,"original_height":654},83484,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862170","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862170\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, schorl 4.jpg",3920,{"id":789,"source_url":790,"license_code":566,"credit_html":791,"title":792,"description":779,"author":621,"original_width":793,"original_height":794},83485,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862195","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862195\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, schorl 5.jpg",3771,2699,{"id":796,"source_url":797,"license_code":566,"credit_html":798,"title":799,"description":779,"author":621,"original_width":800,"original_height":801},83486,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862218","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862218\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, schorl 2.jpg",3981,2641,{"id":803,"source_url":804,"license_code":566,"credit_html":805,"title":806,"description":779,"author":621,"original_width":653,"original_height":654},83487,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862256","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17862256\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, schorl 1.jpg",[808,815,821,826,831],{"id":809,"url":810,"label":811,"formula":812,"spacegroup":813,"year":814},12498,"\u002Fcif\u002F12498.cif","Ertl 2012","Na.61 Ca.01 K.01 Fe3.258 Al7.872 Mg.318 Ti.24 Mn.222 Zn.078 Li.06 Si5.652 B3 O39.74 F.26 H3.74","R 3 m",2012,{"id":816,"url":817,"label":818,"formula":819,"spacegroup":813,"year":820},12499,"\u002Fcif\u002F12499.cif","Bosi 2005 · Ca.036 Na.602 K.008 Ti.027 Al6.933 Fe1.908 Mn.098 Zn.047 Li.121 Mg.06 B3 Si5.834 F.235 O30.765 H3.303","Ca.036 Na.602 K.008 Ti.027 Al6.933 Fe1.908 Mn.098 Zn.047 Li.121 Mg.06 B3 Si5.834 F.235 O30.765 H3.303",2005,{"id":822,"url":823,"label":824,"formula":825,"spacegroup":813,"year":820},12500,"\u002Fcif\u002F12500.cif","Bosi 2005 · Ca.009 Na.632 K.009 Ti.023 Al6.898 Fe1.774 Mn.124 Zn.067 Li.172 Mg.012 B3 Si5.929 F.295 O30.705 H3.363","Ca.009 Na.632 K.009 Ti.023 Al6.898 Fe1.774 Mn.124 Zn.067 Li.172 Mg.012 B3 Si5.929 F.295 O30.705 H3.363",{"id":827,"url":828,"label":829,"formula":830,"spacegroup":813,"year":820},12501,"\u002Fcif\u002F12501.cif","Bosi 2005 · Ca.022 Na.556 K.007 Ti.019 Al6.904 Fe1.981 Mn.043 Mg.137 Zn.033 B3 Si5.883 F.201 O30.799 H3.347","Ca.022 Na.556 K.007 Ti.019 Al6.904 Fe1.981 Mn.043 Mg.137 Zn.033 B3 Si5.883 F.201 O30.799 H3.347",{"id":832,"url":833,"label":834,"formula":835,"spacegroup":813,"year":441},12502,"\u002Fcif\u002F12502.cif","Bosi 2004","Na.682 Ca.093 K.009 Fe1.734 Al6.3 Mg.975 Ti.081 Zn.015 Mn.012 Si5.874 B3 O30.795 F.205 H3.443",[837,838,839,840,841,842,843],"Afrisite","Cockle","Eisenturmalin","Schirl","Schorlite (of Hunt)","Shirl","Shorl",[845,849,853,857,864,868,872,875,879,882,887,891,895,898,901,905,909,913,917,921],{"lang":846,"names":847},"bg",[848],"Шерл",{"lang":850,"names":851},"ca",[852],"schorl",{"lang":854,"names":855},"cs",[856],"skoryl",{"lang":858,"names":859},"de",[840,860,861,862,863],"Schörl","Schörl (Mineral)","Schorlit","Schürl",{"lang":865,"names":866},"es",[867],"chorlo",{"lang":869,"names":870},"et",[871],"šörl",{"lang":873,"names":874},"eu",[7],{"lang":876,"names":877},"fa",[878],"شورل",{"lang":880,"names":881},"fr",[7],{"lang":883,"names":884},"hu",[885,886],"Fekete turmalin","schörl",{"lang":888,"names":889},"hy",[890],"Շերլ",{"lang":892,"names":893},"it",[894],"Sciorlite",{"lang":896,"names":897},"ky",[848],{"lang":899,"names":900},"nl",[7],{"lang":902,"names":903},"pl",[7,904],"Szerlit",{"lang":906,"names":907},"ru",[908,848],"Чёрный турмалин",{"lang":910,"names":911},"sk",[912],"Skoryl",{"lang":914,"names":915},"sr",[916],"шорл",{"lang":918,"names":919},"sv",[920],"Skörl",{"lang":922,"names":923},"uk",[924,925],"шерл","шерліт","Q2411340",{"history":928,"applications":932},{"markdown":929,"model_version":930,"prompt_version":931,"reviewed_at":11},"The name *schorl* is among the oldest still in working use in mineralogy. It was attached to the black tourmaline of Saxony long before the modern science of minerals existed — borrowed straight from the German miners who first dug it.\n\nThe word was already in circulation in the Erzgebirge — the Ore Mountains of Saxony — before 1400. A small mining village near the tin workings was then known as *Schorl* itself; today the same place is called Zschorlau[1]. The village's nearby mines yielded cassiterite, the chief ore of tin, and alongside it black prisms of what we now call tourmaline. The miners had no name for the prisms as a species; they used the word the place gave them.\n\nThe first written mention came from Ulrich Rülein von Calw in 1505, in the earliest printed mining manual published in the German lands[2]. A generation later, Johannes Mathesius (1504–1565) gave the mineral its first detailed description. In his 1562 work *Sarepta oder Bergpostill*, Mathesius recorded it under the spelling **schürl** and tied it to its occurrence in the various tin mines of the Saxony Ore Mountains[1].\n\nSpelling drifted slowly. Up to about 1600, German texts also wrote *Schurel*, *Schörle*, and *Schurl*; from the 18th century onward, *Schörl* became the dominant German form[1]. English mineralogy borrowed the word twice over. In the 18th century the spellings *shorl* and *shirl* were both in use[1]. In the 19th century the Anglophone literature settled on *common schorl*, *schörl*, *schorl*, and — descriptively — *iron tourmaline*[1].\n\nThat last name is the chemically accurate one. Tourmaline is not one mineral but a family — a *supergroup*, in mineralogical English, with three dozen recognised species sharing the same crystal frame and swapping elements at a few specific sites. Schorl is the sodium-iron member of that family, and it accounts for roughly 95 percent or more of all tourmaline found in nature[3]. Both its colour and its abundance trace to the iron filling the metal site that lithium occupies in elbaite or magnesium in dravite.","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":933,"model_version":930,"prompt_version":931,"reviewed_at":11},"Schorl has no commodity-scale industrial use. The black, iron-rich tourmalines of its kind are opaque and rarely clean enough to facet. The gemstone trade in tourmaline belongs almost entirely to the coloured lithium- and magnesium-bearing species — not to the iron end-member.\n\nWhat market schorl does support is collector and specimen. As the most common tourmaline species — roughly 95 percent of all tourmaline in nature[1] — it yields well-formed prismatic crystals in great quantity. The best of them, often grown on a matrix of feldspar or quartz, circulate among private cabinets, museum cases, and university reference suites. A small share of cleaner material is cut as polished domes, called *cabochons*, or faceted into novelty black stones for jewellery."]