[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:7281":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":11,"ima_status":22,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":24,"publication_year":25,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":28,"strunz10ed3":29,"strunz10ed4":30,"dana8ed1":31,"dana8ed2":32,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":11,"spacegroup":11,"spacegroupset":36,"a":37,"b":36,"c":38,"alpha":36,"beta":36,"gamma":36,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":11,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":39,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":40,"tlform":41,"hmin":42,"hmax":43,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":36,"vhnmax":36,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":36,"dmeas2":36,"dcalc":44,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":45,"commentdense":11,"lustre":46,"lustretype":46,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":47,"streak":48,"colour":49,"commentcolor":11,"colors":50,"streak_colors":53,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":36,"opticalalpha2":36,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":36,"opticalbeta2":36,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":36,"opticalgamma2":36,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":36,"opticalomega2":36,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":36,"opticalepsilon2":36,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":36,"opticaln2":36,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":36,"optical2vcalc2":36,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":36,"optical2vmeasured2":36,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":54,"industrial":11,"occurrence":55,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":56,"description_short":11,"aboutname":57,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":58,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":59,"group_members":60,"associates":61,"confused_with":97,"type_localities":98,"occurrence_total":105,"citations":106,"images":186,"structures":205,"synonyms":217,"language_names":220,"wikidata_qid":248,"texts":249},7281,"1:1:7281:2","3d20a288-ca66-4231-b95b-7b1a105e46db","Schwertmannite","Swm",0,"mineral",null,110,false,"Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>12-13\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>·10-12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>9.6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3.2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20],"Fe","O","S","H",[17,18,20],[23],"APPROVED",1990,1994,"1990","7","D","E","15","6","4","10","1","Tetragonal","0","10.66","6.04","Poorly crystalline","Tiny (2-4 nm thick, 60-90 nm long), fibrous crystals arranged in the form of pin-cushion-like aggregates.","Ochreous.  Poorly crystalline, yellowish brown, with a fibrous morphology under the electron microscope.",1,2,"3.88",11,"Earthy","Opaque","Yellow","Brownish yellow",[51,52],"yellow","brown",[51],"Rapid dissolution in cold, 5 M HCl or in ammonium oxalate at pH 3.","Precipitate from acid, sulphate-rich waters.","Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, B8659.","Originally named \u003CM>glockerite\u003C\u002FM> in 1855 by Karl Friedrich Naumann in honour of Ernst Friedrich Glocker (1 May 1783 Stuttgart, Germany - 18 July 1858), professor of mineralogy at University of Breslau (University of Vratislav; Wroclaw, Poland) and author of numerous systematic mineralogical works. Renamed by J.M. Bigham, L. Carlson, E. Murad, in 1994 in honour of Udo Schwertmann (25 November 1927,Stade\u002FElbe, Germany - 20 January 2016), soil scientist at the University of München (Munich), Germany. He made \"numerous contributions to the crystal chemistry of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides and has greatly advanced our knowledge of poorly crystalline phases that are common to weathering environments.\"","2026-03-21 16:08:19",[],[],[62,69,80,89],{"id":63,"name":64,"entrytype":9,"csystem":65,"ima_formula":66,"mindat_formula":66,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":67,"dcalc":36,"primary_image_id":68},1493,"Ferrihydrite","Trigonal","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>14\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.96",8600,{"id":70,"name":71,"entrytype":9,"csystem":72,"ima_formula":73,"mindat_formula":74,"hmin":75,"hmax":76,"dmeas":77,"dcalc":78,"primary_image_id":79},1719,"Goethite","Orthorhombic","FeO(OH)","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O(OH)",5,5.5,"4.27","4.18",29787,{"id":81,"name":82,"entrytype":9,"csystem":65,"ima_formula":83,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":84,"hmax":85,"dmeas":86,"dcalc":87,"primary_image_id":88},2078,"Jarosite","KFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",2.5,3.5,"2.9","3.25",29961,{"id":90,"name":91,"entrytype":9,"csystem":65,"ima_formula":92,"mindat_formula":93,"hmin":84,"hmax":85,"dmeas":94,"dcalc":95,"primary_image_id":96},2856,"Natrojarosite","NaFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","NaFe\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.18","3.29",17427,[],[99],{"id":100,"txt":101,"latitude":102,"longitude":103,"country":104},13126,"Pyhäsalmi Mine, Pyhäjärvi, North Ostrobothnia, Finland",63.6833333,25.9833333,"Finland",46,[107,110,114,117,121,125,130,135,139,143,147,152,157,162,167,171,176,181],{"id":108,"year":25,"html":109,"doi":11},16131159,"Bigham, J.M., Carlson, L., Murad, E. (1994) Schwertmannite, a new iron oxyhydroxysulfate from Pyhasalmi, Finland, and other localities. Mineralogical Magazine: 58: 641-664.",{"id":111,"year":112,"html":113,"doi":11},16131160,1995,"European Journal of Mineralogy (1995) 7: 547-552.",{"id":115,"year":112,"html":116,"doi":11},16127091,"Jambor, John L., Pertsev, Nikolai N., Roberts, Andrew C. (1995) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  80 (7-8). 845-850 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002FMSA\u002FAmMin\u002FTOC\u002FArticles_Free\u002F1995\u002FJambor_p845-850_95.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":118,"year":119,"html":120,"doi":11},18773510,1996,"Schwertmann, Udo; Fojt, Bohuslav (1996) Schwertmannit - ein neues Mineral und seine Geschichte [Schwertmannite - a new mineral and its history]. \u003Ci>Lapis\u003C\u002Fi>,  21 (5). 33-34",{"id":122,"year":123,"html":124,"doi":11},16121617,1997,"Mandarino, Joseph A. (1997) \u003Ci>New Minerals 1990-1994\u003C\u002Fi>. The Mineralogical Record Inc., Tuscon, Arizona. 220pp.",{"id":126,"year":127,"html":128,"doi":129},2421768,2002,"Mazzetti, L., Thistlethwaite, P. J. (2002) Raman spectra and thermal transformations of ferrihydrite and schwertmannite. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 33 (2). 104-111 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.830'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.830\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.830",{"id":131,"year":132,"html":133,"doi":134},6702483,2003,"Frankel, R. B. (2003) Biologically Induced Mineralization by Bacteria. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  54 (1). 95-114 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002F0540095'>doi:10.2113\u002F0540095\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002F0540095",{"id":136,"year":137,"html":138,"doi":11},16967221,2005,"(2005) Schwertmannite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fschwertmannite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":140,"year":141,"html":142,"doi":11},15993455,2010,"Parafiniuk, J. and Siuda, R. (2010). Schwertmannite precipitated from acid mine drainage in the Western Sudetes (SW Poland) and its arsenate sorption capacity. Geological Quarterly, 50(4), 475-486. https:\u002F\u002Fgq.pgi.gov.pl\u002Farticle\u002Fview\u002F7429\u002F6079",{"id":144,"year":141,"html":145,"doi":146},396571,"Fernandez-Martinez, A., Timon, V., Roman-Ross, G., Cuello, G. J., Daniels, J. E., Ayora, C. (2010) The structure of schwertmannite, a nanocrystalline iron oxyhydroxysulfate. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  95 (8) 1312-1322 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3446'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3446\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol95\u002FAM95_1312.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3446",{"id":148,"year":149,"html":150,"doi":151},681805,2011,"Sánchez-España, Javier, Yusta, Iñaki, Diez-Ercilla, Marta (2011) Schwertmannite and hydrobasaluminite: A re-evaluation of their solubility and control on the iron and aluminium concentration in acidic pit lakes. \u003Ci>Applied Geochemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  26 (9) 1752-1774 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.apgeochem.2011.06.020'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.apgeochem.2011.06.020\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.apgeochem.2011.06.020",{"id":153,"year":154,"html":155,"doi":156},397049,2012,"French, R. A., Caraballo, M. A., Kim, B., Rimstidt, J. D., Murayama, M., Hochella, M. F. (2012) The enigmatic iron oxyhydroxysulfate nanomineral schwertmannite: Morphology, structure, and composition. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  97 (8) 1469-1482 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2012.4032'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2012.4032\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2012.4032",{"id":158,"year":159,"html":160,"doi":161},153907,2014,"French, Rebecca A., Monsegue, Niven, Murayama, Mitsuhiro, Hochella, Michael F. (2014) The structure and transformation of the nanomineral schwertmannite: a synthetic analog representative of field samples. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (4) 237-246 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0641-1'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0641-1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0641-1",{"id":163,"year":164,"html":165,"doi":166},244648,2015,"Santofimia, E., López-Pamo, E., Montero, E. (2015) Selective precipitation of schwertmannite in a stratified acidic pit lake of Iberian Pyrite Belt. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (2) 497-513 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2015.079.2.23'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2015.079.2.23\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2015.079.2.23",{"id":168,"year":164,"html":169,"doi":170},397788,"Bishop, J. L., Murad, E., Dyar, M. D. (2015) Akaganeite and schwertmannite: Spectral properties and geochemical implications of their possible presence on Mars. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  100 (4) 738-746 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2015-5016'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2015-5016\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2015-5016",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":175},4674759,2017,"Sestu, M., Navarra, G., Carrero, S., Valvidares, S. M., Aquilanti, G., Pérez-Lopez, R., Fernandez-Martinez, A. (2017) Whole-nanoparticle atomistic modeling of the schwertmannite structure from total scattering data. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Crystallography\u003C\u002Fi>, 50 (6). 1617-1626 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs160057671701336x'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs160057671701336x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs160057671701336x",{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":180},13315439,2021,"Schoepfer, Valerie A.; Burton, Edward D. (2021) Schwertmannite: A review of its occurrence, formation, structure, stability and interactions with oxyanions. \u003Ci>Earth-Science Reviews\u003C\u002Fi>,  221. 103811 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.earscirev.2021.103811'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.earscirev.2021.103811\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.earscirev.2021.103811",{"id":182,"year":183,"html":184,"doi":185},15137570,2022,"Lázaro, Carlos, Antelo, Juan, Carabante, Ivan, Otero-Fariña, Alba, Verdes, Pedro V., Dacunha-Marinho, Bruno, Fiol, Sarah (2022) Thermal Transformation of Natural Schwertmannite in the Presence of Chromium. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 12 (6) 726 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin12060726'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin12060726\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F12\u002F6\u002F726\u002Fpdf?version=1654511665' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin12060726",[187,197],{"id":188,"source_url":189,"license_code":190,"credit_html":191,"title":192,"description":193,"author":194,"original_width":195,"original_height":196},21888,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41552291","CC BY-SA 4.0","Darth vader 92, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41552291\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Crostes de schwertmannita obtingudes de zona de drenatge àcid de mines prop de Corta Atalaya, Huelva, Andalusia.jpg","Crostes de schwertmannita obtingudes de zona de drenatge àcid de mines, Corta Atalaya, Huelva, Andalusia","Darth vader 92",2592,1944,{"id":198,"source_url":199,"license_code":190,"credit_html":200,"title":201,"description":202,"author":194,"original_width":203,"original_height":204},21889,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41552292","Darth vader 92, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41552292\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Crosta de schwertmannita obtinguda de zona de drenatge àcid de mines prop de Corta Atalaya, Huelva, Andalusia.jpg","Crosta de schwertmannita obtinguda de zona de drenatge àcid de mines, Corta Atalaya, Huelva, Andalusia. Mida: 3x2x0,4 cm",1873,1529,[206,212],{"id":207,"url":208,"label":209,"formula":210,"spacegroup":211,"year":141},12538,"\u002Fcif\u002F12538.cif","Fernandez-Martinez 2010 · Fe O2","Fe O2","P 1",{"id":213,"url":214,"label":215,"formula":216,"spacegroup":211,"year":141},12539,"\u002Fcif\u002F12539.cif","Fernandez-Martinez 2010 · Fe8 O17","Fe8 O17",[218,219],"IMA1990-006","Schwertmanniet",[221,225,231,235,238,241,245],{"lang":222,"names":223},"ca",[224],"schwertmannita",{"lang":226,"names":227},"de",[228,229,230],"IMA 1990-006","Oxyhydroxysulphat","Schwertmannit",{"lang":232,"names":233},"es",[234],"Schwertmannita",{"lang":236,"names":237},"eu",[234],{"lang":239,"names":240},"it",[7],{"lang":242,"names":243},"uk",[244],"Швертманніт",{"lang":246,"names":247},"vi",[230],"Q410325",{"history":11,"applications":11}]