[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:5527":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":8,"polytypeof":8,"groupid":8,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":8,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":8,"impurities":8,"cim":8,"ima_status":8,"ima_notes":8,"ima_history":8,"approval_year":8,"publication_year":8,"discovery_year":8,"strunz10ed1":21,"strunz10ed2":21,"strunz10ed3":21,"strunz10ed4":8,"dana8ed1":21,"dana8ed2":21,"dana8ed3":21,"dana8ed4":21,"csystem":8,"cclass":8,"spacegroup":8,"spacegroupset":21,"a":8,"b":8,"c":8,"alpha":8,"beta":8,"gamma":8,"aerror":8,"berror":8,"cerror":8,"alphaerror":8,"betaerror":8,"gammaerror":8,"va3":8,"z":8,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":8,"twinning":8,"tranglide":8,"parting":8,"epitaxidescription":8,"morphology":8,"tlform":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"hardtype":8,"vhnmin":21,"vhnmax":21,"vhnerror":8,"vhng":8,"vhns":8,"commenthard":8,"dmeas":21,"dmeas2":21,"dcalc":21,"dmeaserror":8,"dcalcerror":8,"commentdense":8,"lustre":8,"lustretype":22,"commentluster":8,"diapheny":23,"streak":8,"colour":24,"commentcolor":8,"colors":25,"streak_colors":8,"luminescence":8,"uv":8,"cleavage":8,"cleavagetype":8,"fracturetype":27,"tenacity":8,"commentbreak":8,"opticaltype":8,"opticalsign":8,"opticalalpha":8,"opticalalpha2":21,"opticalalphaerror":8,"opticalbeta":8,"opticalbeta2":21,"opticalbetaerror":8,"opticalgamma":8,"opticalgamma2":21,"opticalgammaerror":8,"opticalomega":8,"opticalomega2":21,"opticalomegaerror":8,"opticalepsilon":8,"opticalepsilon2":21,"opticalepsilonerror":8,"opticaln":8,"opticaln2":8,"opticalnerror":8,"optical2vcalc":8,"optical2vcalc2":8,"optical2vcalcerror":8,"optical2vmeasured":8,"optical2vmeasured2":8,"optical2vmeasurederror":8,"rimin":8,"rimax":8,"opticaldispersion":8,"opticalpleochroism":8,"opticalpleochorismdesc":8,"opticalbirefringence":8,"opticalcomments":8,"opticalcolour":8,"opticalinternal":8,"opticaltropic":8,"opticalanisotropism":8,"opticalbireflectance":8,"opticalextinction":8,"opticalr":8,"specdispm":8,"ir":8,"electrical":8,"magnetism":8,"thermalbehaviour":8,"other":8,"industrial":8,"occurrence":8,"otheroccurrence":8,"type_specimen_store":8,"description_short":8,"aboutname":28,"rock_parent":8,"rock_parent2":8,"rock_root":29,"rock_bgs_code":8,"meteoritical_code":8,"updttime":30,"reviewed_at":8,"variety_of":31,"varieties":39,"group_members":40,"associates":41,"confused_with":42,"type_localities":43,"occurrence_total":44,"citations":45,"images":58,"structures":163,"synonyms":164,"language_names":173,"wikidata_qid":8,"texts":174},5527,"1:1:5527:3","14cad1ba-564e-42d2-b394-1cabb89220aa","Selenite",null,2,"variety",1784,12311,false,"CaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[16,17,18,19],"Ca","O","S","H",[16,17,18,19],"0","Vitreous","Transparent","Colourless, light tints due to included matter",[26],"colorless","Micaceous","From the Greek σεληνη, for \"moon\", in allusion to the moon-like white reflections of the mineral or to the quality of the light transmitted by translucent \u003Cm>gypsum\u003C\u002Fm> slabs of cleavages used as windows.",0,"2025-08-11 12:14:26",{"id":11,"name":32,"entrytype":29,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":34,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":9,"hmax":9,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":36,"strunz10ed1":37,"primary_image_id":38},"Gypsum","Monoclinic","Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.312","2.308","7",10652,[],[],[],[],[],522,[46,50,54],{"id":47,"year":48,"html":49,"doi":8},16129579,1747,"Wallerius, J.G. (1747) Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket. Stockholm: 50.",{"id":51,"year":52,"html":53,"doi":8},12960775,1758,"Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik (1758) \u003Ci>Försök till en Mineralogie eller Mineral Rikets Upställning\u003C\u002Fi>. J. A. Carlbohm, Stockholm. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002FForsokTillEnMineralogie\u002Fcronstedt-a-forsok-1781-RTL002100-LowRes.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":55,"year":56,"html":57,"doi":8},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",[59,68,75,85,95,103,112,117,126,136,146,155],{"id":60,"source_url":61,"license_code":62,"credit_html":63,"title":64,"description":7,"author":65,"original_width":66,"original_height":67},78848,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=682517","CC BY 2.5","No machine-readable author provided. Svdmolen assumed (based on copyright claims)., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=682517\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Seleniet (xndr).jpg","No machine-readable author provided. Svdmolen assumed (based on copyright claims).",1280,978,{"id":69,"source_url":70,"license_code":71,"credit_html":72,"title":7,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":73,"original_height":74},89277,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112431","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112431\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":76,"source_url":77,"license_code":78,"credit_html":79,"title":80,"description":81,"author":82,"original_width":83,"original_height":84},78849,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5848622","CC BY-SA 2.5","JJ Harrison (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jjharrison.com.au\u002F), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5848622\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum var. selenite from Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area, South Australia.jpg","Gypsum var. selenite from Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area, South Australia.","JJ Harrison (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jjharrison.com.au\u002F)",1944,1296,{"id":86,"source_url":87,"license_code":88,"credit_html":89,"title":90,"description":91,"author":92,"original_width":93,"original_height":94},78851,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164414","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164414\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-235288.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSelenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Selenite\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNaica\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Naica\">Naica\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaucillo_(municipality)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saucillo (municipality)\">Municipio de Saucillo\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chihuahua\">Chihuahua\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2308.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.7 x 3.4 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Some of the best, if not the best, selenite crystals have come from the Naica District of Mexico. This visually striking and sculptural, water-clear, gem-like crystal has riveting side striations and gorgeous, twin-like striations on the sloped face. And the crystal is doubly terminated. The bit of attached gossan matrix is a nice accent. Complete-all-around and nearly pristine.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",628,750,{"id":96,"source_url":97,"license_code":88,"credit_html":98,"title":99,"description":100,"author":92,"original_width":101,"original_height":102},78852,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10448202","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10448202\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-es133b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Roden, Zaragoza, Spain\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.1 x 5.5 x 4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Selenite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Perched on a bed of tiny gypsum crystals, which in turn is on a matrix of massive gypsum, are three transparent spears of Selenite to almost 4 cm. This cluster is extremely aesthetic. These were once available in the early 90s in some quantity but i have seen few in recent years and am told that the quarry has not produced them in almost a decade. OK, so it is \"only selenite\" to some folks but , species interest level aside, its just aesthetic as all getout and some of the prettiest, sparkliest mineral specimens on the planet\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,392,{"id":104,"source_url":105,"license_code":88,"credit_html":106,"title":107,"description":108,"author":109,"original_width":110,"original_height":111},78853,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23272218","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23272218\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypse-sélénite.jpeg","gypsum var. selenite : Santa Eulalia District, Mun. de Aquiles Serdán, Chihuahua, Mexico","Parent Géry",4288,2848,{"id":113,"source_url":114,"license_code":88,"credit_html":115,"title":116,"description":108,"author":109,"original_width":110,"original_height":111},78854,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23272222","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23272222\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypse-sélénite 3.jpeg",{"id":118,"source_url":119,"license_code":88,"credit_html":120,"title":121,"description":122,"author":123,"original_width":124,"original_height":125},78855,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39264772","Участник:Аноним Инкогнитович, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39264772\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Selenite 2.png","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fru.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002F%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:Селенит\">Селенит\u003C\u002Fa> найденный в районе \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fru.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002F%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:Кунгурская ледяная пещера\">Кунгурской ледяной пещеры\u003C\u002Fa>","Участник:Аноним Инкогнитович",407,500,{"id":127,"source_url":128,"license_code":129,"credit_html":130,"title":131,"description":132,"author":133,"original_width":134,"original_height":135},78856,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=53486217","CC BY-SA 4.0","This Photo was taken by Reinhold Möller. Feel free to use my photos, but please mention me as the author and send me a message. This image is not public domain. Please respect the copyright protection. It may only be used according to the rules mentioned , via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=53486217\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kristall-Selenit-200248.jpg","Selenit (Fasergips)","This Photo was taken by Reinhold Möller. Feel free to use my photos, but please mention me as the author and send me a message. This image is not public domain. Please respect the copyright protection. It may only be used according to the rules mentioned ",3456,4608,{"id":137,"source_url":138,"license_code":139,"credit_html":140,"title":141,"description":142,"author":143,"original_width":144,"original_height":145},7082,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956197","Public domain","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956197\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","SELENITE DESERT ROSE 2729.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",2048,1536,{"id":147,"source_url":148,"license_code":139,"credit_html":149,"title":150,"description":151,"author":152,"original_width":153,"original_height":154},21631,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5513197","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5513197\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum 7.jpg","gypsum var. selenite : Naica Mine, Naica, Mun. de Saucillo, Chihuahua, Mexico","Géry PARENT",2656,4000,{"id":156,"source_url":157,"license_code":88,"credit_html":158,"title":159,"description":160,"author":92,"original_width":161,"original_height":162},21633,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169499","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169499\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-261802.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSelenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Selenite\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreat_Salt_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Great Salt Lake\">Great Salt Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBox_Elder_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Box Elder County, Utah\">Box Elder County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-37676.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.4 x 5.2 x 1.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rare, old-time Utah specimen of a translucent, complete-all-around, floater selenite disk from the famous Great Salt Lake area. This fine piece has stepped growth-faces and interior, parallel-growth zoning. Very nearly pristine. Ex. Mullane Collection and accompanied by an older, faded Burminco label.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,537,[],[165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172],"Fraueneis","Glacies Mariæ","Maria-Glass","Marieneis","Marienglas","Selenit","Selenita","Selenites",[],{"history":175,"applications":179},{"markdown":176,"model_version":177,"prompt_version":178,"reviewed_at":8},"The name **selenite** comes from the Greek *selēnítēs líthos* — moon stone[1]. Early observers thought the pale, pearly sheen of these clear gypsum crystals waxed and waned with the Moon, and the name stuck[1]. It is worth clearing up one thing the spelling invites: selenite holds no selenium. Both words simply trace back to the same Greek root *selḗnē*, the Moon[2].\n\nSelenite is the clear, glassy variety of gypsum, a soft calcium sulfate mineral. Long before window glass was common, that transparency made it useful. Roman builders split the crystals along their natural layers into thin, see-through sheets and set them into walls to let light through — a material they called *lapis specularis*, the mirror stone[3]. The sheets glazed openings that would otherwise have needed wooden shutters or cloth[3].\n\nThe Romans began using it this way in the first century AD[4]. Pliny the Elder, in his *Natural History*, recorded that the finest came from one stretch of Hispania — within a hundred thousand paces of the city of Segóbriga, in what is now Spain[4]. The mineral lit the windows of wealthy villas and the bathhouses of emperors. The emperor Tiberius is said to have roofed greenhouses with it to grow cucumbers out of season[5]. Sheets of selenite were still glazing windows centuries later, among them those of the basilica of Santa Sabina in Rome[6].\n\nThe mineral's most spectacular chapter is recent. In April 2000, miners digging a tunnel for the Industrias Peñoles company at the Naica mine in Chihuahua, Mexico, broke into a chamber roughly 300 metres underground[7]. Inside stood selenite crystals among the largest ever found in nature — the biggest measuring 11.40 metres long and weighing an estimated 12 tonnes[8]. Hot, mineral-rich water seeping up from a magma chamber far below had let the crystals grow, almost unimaginably slowly, over at least 500,000 years[9].","claude-opus-4-8","1.0.0",{"markdown":180,"model_version":177,"prompt_version":178,"reviewed_at":8},"Selenite has little industrial use today. As the clear, well-formed variety of gypsum, it is valued mostly as a mineral specimen — the giant crystals of the Naica mine in Mexico, among the largest ever found in nature, are the headline example of the collector and museum demand it draws[1].\n\nIt also turns up in ornamental work. Satin spar, a fibrous, silky-sheened form often sold under the selenite name, is cut into rounded, polished stones to show off its shifting band of light, an effect called chatoyance[2]. The bulk industrial value of gypsum — plaster, wallboard, cement — rests on the massive, fine-grained rock, not on these clear crystals."]