[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3689":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":8,"polytypeof":8,"groupid":8,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":8,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":18,"key_elements":8,"impurities":8,"cim":8,"ima_status":8,"ima_notes":8,"ima_history":8,"approval_year":8,"publication_year":8,"discovery_year":8,"strunz10ed1":19,"strunz10ed2":19,"strunz10ed3":19,"strunz10ed4":8,"dana8ed1":19,"dana8ed2":19,"dana8ed3":19,"dana8ed4":19,"csystem":8,"cclass":8,"spacegroup":8,"spacegroupset":19,"a":8,"b":8,"c":8,"alpha":8,"beta":8,"gamma":8,"aerror":8,"berror":8,"cerror":8,"alphaerror":8,"betaerror":8,"gammaerror":8,"va3":8,"z":8,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":8,"twinning":8,"tranglide":8,"parting":8,"epitaxidescription":8,"morphology":8,"tlform":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"hardtype":8,"vhnmin":19,"vhnmax":19,"vhnerror":8,"vhng":8,"vhns":8,"commenthard":8,"dmeas":19,"dmeas2":19,"dcalc":19,"dmeaserror":8,"dcalcerror":8,"commentdense":8,"lustre":8,"lustretype":20,"commentluster":8,"diapheny":21,"streak":8,"colour":22,"commentcolor":23,"colors":24,"streak_colors":8,"luminescence":8,"uv":8,"cleavage":8,"cleavagetype":8,"fracturetype":8,"tenacity":8,"commentbreak":8,"opticaltype":8,"opticalsign":8,"opticalalpha":8,"opticalalpha2":19,"opticalalphaerror":8,"opticalbeta":8,"opticalbeta2":19,"opticalbetaerror":8,"opticalgamma":8,"opticalgamma2":19,"opticalgammaerror":8,"opticalomega":8,"opticalomega2":19,"opticalomegaerror":8,"opticalepsilon":8,"opticalepsilon2":19,"opticalepsilonerror":8,"opticaln":8,"opticaln2":8,"opticalnerror":8,"optical2vcalc":8,"optical2vcalc2":8,"optical2vcalcerror":8,"optical2vmeasured":8,"optical2vmeasured2":8,"optical2vmeasurederror":8,"rimin":8,"rimax":8,"opticaldispersion":8,"opticalpleochroism":8,"opticalpleochorismdesc":8,"opticalbirefringence":8,"opticalcomments":8,"opticalcolour":8,"opticalinternal":8,"opticaltropic":8,"opticalanisotropism":8,"opticalbireflectance":8,"opticalextinction":8,"opticalr":8,"specdispm":8,"ir":8,"electrical":8,"magnetism":8,"thermalbehaviour":8,"other":8,"industrial":8,"occurrence":8,"otheroccurrence":8,"type_specimen_store":8,"description_short":8,"aboutname":8,"rock_parent":8,"rock_parent2":8,"rock_root":28,"rock_bgs_code":8,"meteoritical_code":8,"updttime":29,"reviewed_at":8,"variety_of":30,"varieties":38,"group_members":39,"associates":40,"confused_with":41,"type_localities":42,"occurrence_total":43,"citations":44,"images":83,"structures":341,"synonyms":342,"language_names":365,"wikidata_qid":8,"texts":366},3689,"1:1:3689:0","5cc8f406-3000-4ee4-a224-26d8758a843a","Smoky Quartz",null,2,"variety",3337,88448,false,"SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17],"Si","O",[16,17],"0","Vitreous","Transparent,Translucent","gray, brown, black","dichroic: darker yellow-brown to lighter red-brown",[25,26,27],"brown","gray","black",0,"2025-08-11 12:14:23",{"id":11,"name":31,"entrytype":28,"csystem":32,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":33,"hmax":33,"dmeas":34,"dcalc":35,"strunz10ed1":36,"primary_image_id":37},"Quartz","Trigonal",7,"2.65","2.66","4",30579,[],[],[],[],[],2146,[45,48,52,56,60,63,67,71,75,79],{"id":46,"year":8,"html":47,"doi":8},16639800,"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRauchquarz (with info on etymology of Morion)",{"id":49,"year":50,"html":51,"doi":8},519381,1925,"Holden, Edward F. (1925) The cause of color in smoky quartz and amethyst. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  10 (9) 203-252 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM10\u002FAM10_203.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":53,"year":54,"html":55,"doi":8},16123785,1954,"Griffiths, J.H.E., Owen, J., Ward, I.M. (1954) Paramagnetic resonance in neutron-irradiated diamond and smoky quartz. Nature: 173: 439-442.",{"id":57,"year":58,"html":59,"doi":8},522649,1955,"Marshall, Royal R. (1955) Absorption spectra of smoky quartz from an Arkansas vein deposit and from a Sierran miarolitic granite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  40 (5-6). 535-537 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM40\u002FAM40_535.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":61,"year":58,"html":62,"doi":8},16121239,"O'Brien, M.C.M. (1955) The structure of the colour centres in smoky quartz. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences: 231: 404-414.",{"id":64,"year":65,"html":66,"doi":8},16100246,1962,"Chudoba, K.F. (1962) Some relations between the causes of amethyst, smoky quartz, and citrine colors as given by modern science. Mineralogicheskii Sbornik (Lvov): 16: 91-105.",{"id":68,"year":69,"html":70,"doi":8},16123787,1982,"Cohen, A.J., Makar, L.N. (1982) Models for color centers in smoky quartz. Physica Status Solidi (A): 73: 593-596.",{"id":72,"year":73,"html":74,"doi":8},16123788,1986,"Partlow, D.P., Cohen, A.J. (1986) Optical studies of biaxial Al-related color centers in smoky quartz. American Mineralogist: 71: 589-598.",{"id":76,"year":77,"html":78,"doi":8},12908297,1989,"Cohen, Alvin J. (1989) New Data on the Cause of Smoky and Amethystine Color in Quartz. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 20 (5) 365-367",{"id":80,"year":81,"html":82,"doi":8},18539865,1996,"Weiß, Stefan; Duthaler, Rudolf; Göksu, Yeter H.; Wieser, Albrecht (1996) Die Rüscada-Morions: Ihr Nebengestein, ihre Spurenelemente und die Ursachen ihrer Färbung [The Rüscada Morions: Their host rock, their trace elements and the causes of their coloration]. \u003Ci>Lapis\u003C\u002Fi>,  21 (3). 24-28; 36--37",[84,93,103,113,120,129,139,144,154,163,172,180,188,194,199,204,213,221,230,239,248,257,264,273,283,291,297,303,310,317,325,332],{"id":85,"source_url":86,"license_code":87,"credit_html":88,"title":89,"description":90,"author":91,"original_width":92,"original_height":92},79873,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26830289","CC BY-SA 3.0","Dario Crespi, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26830289\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quarzo morione.jpg","Morion, a variety of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">smoky quartz\u003C\u002Fa>","Dario Crespi",2494,{"id":94,"source_url":95,"license_code":96,"credit_html":97,"title":98,"description":99,"author":100,"original_width":101,"original_height":102},79876,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84575961","CC BY-SA 2.0","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84575961\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Smoky quartz - SiO2 (33584089105).jpg","\u003Cp>smoky quartz - SiO2\nlocality: Bochovice, Czech Republic\nphoto (c) 2017 Jan Helebrant\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.blogspot.cz\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.blogspot.cz\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.juhele.blogspot.cz<\u002Fa>","Jan Helebrant",4000,3000,{"id":104,"source_url":105,"license_code":106,"credit_html":107,"title":108,"description":109,"author":110,"original_width":111,"original_height":112},79878,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129599072","CC BY-SA 4.0","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129599072\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Smoky quartz. Zinggenstock, Grimsel, Switzerland-8847.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky quartz\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Zinggenstock (Zinggenstöcke), Grimsel, Switzerland","Raimond Spekking",5028,2828,{"id":114,"source_url":115,"license_code":106,"credit_html":116,"title":117,"description":118,"author":110,"original_width":119,"original_height":112},79879,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129599775","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129599775\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Smoky quartz. Adun-Tschilon, Nerchinsk, Siberia, Russia-8849.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky quartz\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Adun-Cholon Range (Adun-Tschilon), Nerchinsk, Siberia, Russia",3771,{"id":121,"source_url":122,"license_code":106,"credit_html":123,"title":124,"description":125,"author":126,"original_width":127,"original_height":128},79881,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157392899","W.carter, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157392899\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Egg-shaped smoky quartz.jpg","Egg-shaped smoky quartz, about 2 cm long. Studio photography in Vibble, Visby, Gotland, Sweden.","W.carter",2043,1532,{"id":130,"source_url":131,"license_code":132,"credit_html":133,"title":134,"description":135,"author":136,"original_width":137,"original_height":138},79884,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159655716","CC BY 4.0","Artyom Svetlov, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159655716\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Moscow State University smoky quartz 2014-01 1389530614.JPG","smoky quartz","Artyom Svetlov",3072,2048,{"id":140,"source_url":141,"license_code":132,"credit_html":142,"title":143,"description":135,"author":136,"original_width":137,"original_height":138},79885,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159705753","Artyom Svetlov, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159705753\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Moscow State University smoky quartz 2014-01 1389530909.JPG",{"id":145,"source_url":146,"license_code":147,"credit_html":148,"title":149,"description":150,"author":151,"original_width":152,"original_height":153},79886,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162668612","CC0 1.0","Lodewicus de Honsvels, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162668612\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rauchquarz, Mineralogia.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRauchquarz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Rauchquarz\">Rauchquarz\u003C\u002Fa> (oder \u003Ci>Morion\u003C\u002Fi>) in einer Ausstellungsvitrine im \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuseum_Mineralogia_M%C3%BCnchen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Museum Mineralogia München\">Museum Mineralogia München\u003C\u002Fa>","Lodewicus de Honsvels",3252,4336,{"id":155,"source_url":156,"license_code":132,"credit_html":157,"title":158,"description":159,"author":160,"original_width":161,"original_height":162},79887,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167215896","Animalculum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167215896\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rutilated smoky quartz, Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, 2025.jpg","Rutilated smoky quartz from Remedios, Bahia, Brazil in Musee de Mineralogie, Paris","Animalculum",2827,3769,{"id":164,"source_url":165,"license_code":147,"credit_html":166,"title":167,"description":168,"author":169,"original_width":170,"original_height":171},79888,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188201513","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188201513\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rauchquarz aus Cavradi 01.jpg","Smoky quartz from Cavradi, Tujetsch, Graubünden, Switzerland. mm scale","Slashme",4893,3869,{"id":173,"source_url":174,"license_code":147,"credit_html":175,"title":176,"description":177,"author":169,"original_width":178,"original_height":179},79889,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188201515","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188201515\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rauchquarz aus Cavradi 02.jpg","Smoky quartz from Cavradi, Tujetsch, Graubünden, Switzerland.",6960,4640,{"id":181,"source_url":182,"license_code":183,"credit_html":184,"title":185,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":186,"original_height":187},79872,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157141","Public domain","Unknown author, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157141\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","USDA Mineral Smokey Quartz 93v3949.jpg",426,640,{"id":189,"source_url":190,"license_code":106,"credit_html":191,"title":31,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":192,"original_height":193},89303,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61853","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61853\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,1000,{"id":195,"source_url":196,"license_code":106,"credit_html":197,"title":31,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":193,"original_height":198},89304,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91600","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91600\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",631,{"id":200,"source_url":201,"license_code":106,"credit_html":202,"title":31,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":203,"original_height":193},89305,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91575","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91575\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",500,{"id":205,"source_url":206,"license_code":106,"credit_html":207,"title":208,"description":209,"author":210,"original_width":211,"original_height":212},32508,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132619661","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132619661\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Amazonite with Smoky Quartz NHMLA.png","Sample of Amazonite with Smoky Quartz collected from Two Point Mine, Teller County, Colorado, USA.  On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA.","Eric Polk",1207,2197,{"id":214,"source_url":215,"license_code":147,"credit_html":216,"title":217,"description":218,"author":219,"original_width":220,"original_height":138},16215,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=166156533","TheUltimateGrass, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=166156533\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Microcline with smoky quartz.jpg","Microcline with bits of smoky quartz","TheUltimateGrass",1536,{"id":222,"source_url":223,"license_code":132,"credit_html":224,"title":225,"description":226,"author":227,"original_width":228,"original_height":229},49408,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181778422","AdamStejskal, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181778422\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Citrine x Smoky quartz gemstone from Czech Republic South of Bohemia.jpg","Citrine x Smoky quartz gemstone from Czech Republic South of Bohemia","AdamStejskal",3365,2470,{"id":231,"source_url":232,"license_code":132,"credit_html":233,"title":234,"description":235,"author":236,"original_width":237,"original_height":238},32510,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182899691","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182899691\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Amazonite and smoky quartz Lake George Minéraux SU.jpg","Amazonite and smoky quartz from Lake George, Colorado, USA. Sorbonne University mineral collection.","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",5444,6805,{"id":240,"source_url":241,"license_code":87,"credit_html":242,"title":243,"description":244,"author":245,"original_width":246,"original_height":247},7847,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160455","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160455\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-209854.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmethyst\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Amethyst\">Amethyst\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Brandberg area, Brandberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-46238.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.5 x 3.4 x 2.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a large, superb, and interesting Brandberg crystal. Most dramatic is the offset, parallel growth, with reverse sceptering. Add to this an easily visible enhydro (a moving bubble trapped inside a water pocket). And on top of all this, the clarity is magnificent, with a stunning mix of blushes of smoky and amethystine hues inside. Glassy luster, too. Ex. Richard Hauck Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",306,600,{"id":249,"source_url":250,"license_code":147,"credit_html":251,"title":252,"description":253,"author":254,"original_width":255,"original_height":256},8770,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=86319845","Modris Baum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=86319845\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferroceladonite, Smoky Quartz, Microcline-171040.jpg","The specimen is roughly 4 x 5 x 3 cm. Found Sept 1996. MOB coll. Ferroceladonite (the green stuff) is not really common at MSH (Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada). But when found it covers everything! Here it is covering smoky quartz xls (to about 1 cm) and microcline. The broken smoky quartz xls along the edges look almost black.","Modris Baum",837,1024,{"id":258,"source_url":259,"license_code":87,"credit_html":260,"title":261,"description":262,"author":245,"original_width":263,"original_height":247},20428,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142372","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142372\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-137566.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConselheiro_Pena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Conselheiro Pena\">Conselheiro Pena\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-394.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.6 x 4.4 x 3.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An absolutely fabulous smoky quartz mini - the quality is just superb. It has the bright intensity of a good Swiss one! And, the form is so aesthetic - a compound crystal of three beta-type forms, with a couple of skeletal areas. Gemmy as can be, and the luster is like GLASS. Contact only on the back side where removed from the matrix.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",595,{"id":265,"source_url":266,"license_code":87,"credit_html":267,"title":268,"description":269,"author":270,"original_width":271,"original_height":272},28737,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6851728","Zeunerit_und_Uranotil_auf_Rauchquarz_-_Bergen,_Vogtland.jpg: Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike) derivative work: Bubenik (talk), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6851728\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Zeunerit und Uranotil auf Rauchquarz - Bergen, Vogtland-Ausschnitt.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZeunerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zeunerite\">Zeunerite\u003C\u002Fa> kristals on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky quartz\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Bergen, Vogtland - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Zeunerit_und_Uranotil_auf_Rauchquarz_-_Bergen,_Vogtland.jpg: Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike) derivative work: Bubenik (talk)",459,303,{"id":274,"source_url":275,"license_code":276,"credit_html":277,"title":278,"description":279,"author":280,"original_width":281,"original_height":282},32491,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9432224","GFDL 1.2","User:KS_aus_F, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9432224\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Amazonit Rauchquarz.jpg","\u003Cp>Aus der Mineraliensammlung des Senckenberg-Museums in Frankfurt am Main \u003Cbr>\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nAmazonite and Smoky Quartz","User:KS_aus_F",3143,2574,{"id":284,"source_url":285,"license_code":183,"credit_html":286,"title":287,"description":288,"author":289,"original_width":290,"original_height":193},51176,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114758969","Mark Joseph Wylie, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114758969\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cryolite, Prosopite, Zinnwaldite, Smoky Quartz, Albite, Amazonite-434600.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCryolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cryolite\">Cryolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProsopite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Prosopite\">Prosopite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZinnwaldite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zinnwaldite\">Zinnwaldite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_Quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky Quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmazonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Amazonite\">Amazonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Morefield Mine (Morefield Pegmatite), Winterham, Amelia County, Virginia, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Cryolite in situ, a light brown translucent pod of cryolite in a shell of lavender prosopite. (25 × 70 cm). With blueish white & iron stain albite, gray quartz, blue green amazonite, and dark zinnwaldite mica. Main alumino-fluoride pipe 45' level NE. See prosopite in situ. Photo by MWylie.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Mark Joseph Wylie",750,{"id":292,"source_url":293,"license_code":183,"credit_html":294,"title":295,"description":296,"author":289,"original_width":193,"original_height":290},51177,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114758970","Mark Joseph Wylie, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114758970\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cryolite, Prosopite, Zinnwaldite, Smoky Quartz, Albite-434598.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCryolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cryolite\">Cryolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProsopite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Prosopite\">Prosopite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZinnwaldite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zinnwaldite\">Zinnwaldite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_Quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky Quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Morefield Mine (Morefield Pegmatite), Winterham, Amelia County, Virginia, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Cryolite in situ, top half of a light brown translucent pod of cryolite with a shell of lavender prosopite. (25 × 35 cm). With blueish white & iron stain albite, gray quartz, and dark zinnwaldite mica. Main alumino-fluoride pipe 45' level NE. Photo by MWylie.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":298,"source_url":299,"license_code":183,"credit_html":300,"title":301,"description":302,"author":289,"original_width":290,"original_height":193},51178,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114758971","Mark Joseph Wylie, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114758971\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cryolite, Prosopite, Zinnwaldite, Smoky Quartz, Albite, Kaolinite, Triplite, Fluorite, Amazonite-434607.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCryolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cryolite\">Cryolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProsopite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Prosopite\">Prosopite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZinnwaldite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zinnwaldite\">Zinnwaldite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_Quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky Quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKaolinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kaolinite\">Kaolinite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTriplite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Triplite\">Triplite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFluorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fluorite\">Fluorite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of viw: 3 feet\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Morefield Mine (Morefield Pegmatite), Winterham, Amelia County, Virginia, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Cryolite in situ, a brown translucent pod of cryolite in a shell of lavender prosopite (25 × 70 cm). With blueish white & iron stain albite, gray quartz, blue green \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Famazonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:amazonite\">amazonite\u003C\u002Fa>, white kaolinite, pink & black triplite, dark green fluorite, and zinnwaldite mica. Photo by MWylie.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":304,"source_url":305,"license_code":87,"credit_html":306,"title":307,"description":308,"author":245,"original_width":309,"original_height":247},78391,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162411","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162411\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-222377.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmethyst\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Amethyst\">Amethyst\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Goboboseb Mountains, Brandberg area, Brandberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4534.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.4 x 1.4 x 1.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine sceptered smoky\u002Famethyst quartz specimen from the Goboboseb Mountains of Namibia, The intensely purple and glassy amethyst shaft has gemmy, smoky quartz scepters on both ends. The two, staggered scepters are beautiful and some faces have skeletal features. The amethyst shaft is broken and healed on the other end and one side of the smoky scepter is contacted. Ex. Rob Smith Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",427,{"id":311,"source_url":312,"license_code":87,"credit_html":313,"title":314,"description":315,"author":245,"original_width":316,"original_height":203},78392,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171254","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171254\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Tourmaline-273111.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmethyst\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Amethyst\">Amethyst\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Tourmaline\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Brandberg area, Brandberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-46238.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.8 x 2.2 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A beautiful single crystal of light Smoky Quartz, terminating in a sharp Amethyst reverse scepter. The crystal is gemmy throughout. The Smoky portion has striated, slightly frosted faces while the scepter has superb luster. There are also many fine Tourmaline needle inclusions in the Amethyst tip. A very aesthetic, and not very common, specimen. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",248,{"id":318,"source_url":319,"license_code":87,"credit_html":320,"title":321,"description":322,"author":245,"original_width":323,"original_height":324},78394,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10444867","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10444867\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-bb124a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Goboboseb Mountains, Brandberg area, Brandberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4534.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 14.6 x 11.6 x 7.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Smoky Quartz (sceptred and hoppered)\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A dramatic, complex, massive smoky quartz with glassy luster and a hint of amethyst on select faces of . This monster shows skeletal and hopper growth, and is much more dramatic in person. It is very 3-dimensional and complete all around!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",617,800,{"id":326,"source_url":327,"license_code":87,"credit_html":328,"title":329,"description":330,"author":245,"original_width":331,"original_height":324},78402,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10462077","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10462077\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-rhqtz-13b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPikes_Peak\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pikes Peak\">Pikes Peak\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTeller_County,_Colorado\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Teller County, Colorado\">Teller County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColorado\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colorado\">Colorado\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-120804.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.4 x 3.4 x 2.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Quartz (sceptre on Gem Smoky Quartz)\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Another bizarre quartz, in a collection full of oddities! This one has a sceptre growth that is more like a \"cap\" of milky quartz overtopping a GEM smoky quartz crystal. On their own, boring singles. Together, the contrast is really striking. Said to be from George Kunz to a collector whose collection Hauck acquired long ago (which had other Kuzn attributions as well, and I believe it).\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",449,{"id":333,"source_url":334,"license_code":87,"credit_html":335,"title":336,"description":337,"author":338,"original_width":339,"original_height":340},87037,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6760266","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6760266\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Zeunerit und Uranotil auf Rauchquarz - Bergen, Vogtland.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZeunerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zeunerite\">Zeunerite\u003C\u002Fa> Kristalle und \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane\u003C\u002Fa> auf \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky quartz\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Bergen, Vogtland - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",1700,1300,[],[343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364],"Cairngorm","Cairngorum Stone","Colorado Diamond","Moorion","Morión","Morionas","Morione","Morions","Ouro Verde Quartz","Quartz fumée","Quartzo fumado","Quartzo morion","Quarzo affumicato","Radium Diamond","Rauchquarz","Rauchtopas","Rökkvarts","Rookkwarts","Røykkvarts","Smokey Quartz","Smoky Citrine","Smoky Topaz",[],{"history":367,"applications":371},{"markdown":368,"model_version":369,"prompt_version":370,"reviewed_at":8},"The colour of **smoky quartz** runs from a faint tea-tint to a near-opaque black, deepening like smoke through an otherwise clear crystal[1]. The darkest, almost opaque form has its own name — **morion** — taken from a misreading of *mormorion* in Pliny the Elder's *Natural History*[2]. *Morion* is also the standard German name for the whole variety[2].\n\nThe earliest documented use is curiously practical. In 12th-century China, flat panes of the stone were ground into sunglasses[3]. The smoky tint cut the glare without colouring what the wearer saw.\n\n### The Cairngorm tradition\n\nIn Scotland the variety carries a place-name. **Cairngorm** is smoky quartz from the Cairngorm Mountains in the eastern Highlands, usually a smoky yellow-brown, sometimes greyish-brown[4]. It became the signature Scottish ornamental stone. The yellow-brown crystals were set as centrepieces in plaid brooches. They also became the pommel stones for the *sgian-dubh* — the small black-handled knife tucked into the stocking of Highland dress[4]. The form is still worn in brooches with Highland costume[5].\n\n### Why the colour exists\n\nThe smoky tint is not a pigment. Natural gamma rays from the surrounding rock activate **colour centres** — defects in the crystal lattice — clustered around traces of aluminium that have substituted for silicon[1]. Pale alpine quartz can darken to deep brown over geological time. A colourless crystal sitting next to a uranium-rich granite eventually becomes smoky for the same reason.","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":372,"model_version":369,"prompt_version":370,"reviewed_at":8},"Smoky quartz is cut today almost entirely for **jewellery and ornamental use**. The material is hard enough to take a high polish and common enough to stay inexpensive. The variety has become a popular gemstone in modern jewellery[1].\n\nThe largest commercial volumes are not crystals dug brown from the ground. Pale and colourless quartz, much of it from Brazil, is sent through gamma irradiation or electron-beam treatment and emerges as smoky, sometimes near-black morion. The resulting stones are cut and sold alongside the natural material; the treatment is permanent and leaves no residual radioactivity in the finished gem[2].\n\nA related branch of the trade runs the other way. Heating smoky quartz bleaches it, sometimes through a yellow stage. The yellow material is then sold as **citrine**[3] — a more expensive trade name than smoky quartz itself. Much of the inexpensive citrine on the market began as smoky quartz and was warmed to change colour.\n\nIn Scotland the natural Cairngorm stone continues its older role. It is still worn in brooches with Highland costume[4]. The variety is also set as a decoration on kilt pins and the handles of *sgian-dubh* knives[5]."]