[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3817":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":16,"ima_formula":17,"elements":18,"sigelements":25,"key_elements":26,"impurities":11,"cim":27,"ima_status":28,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":30,"publication_year":31,"discovery_year":11,"strunz10ed1":32,"strunz10ed2":33,"strunz10ed3":34,"strunz10ed4":35,"dana8ed1":36,"dana8ed2":37,"dana8ed3":37,"dana8ed4":38,"csystem":39,"cclass":40,"spacegroup":41,"spacegroupset":42,"a":43,"b":42,"c":44,"alpha":42,"beta":42,"gamma":42,"aerror":45,"berror":11,"cerror":46,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":47,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":48,"twinning":49,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":50,"tlform":51,"hmin":52,"hmax":52,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":42,"vhnmax":42,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":53,"dmeas2":53,"dcalc":54,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":55,"lustre":56,"lustretype":57,"commentluster":58,"diapheny":59,"streak":60,"colour":61,"commentcolor":11,"colors":62,"streak_colors":66,"luminescence":11,"uv":68,"cleavage":69,"cleavagetype":70,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":71,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":72,"opticalsign":73,"opticalalpha":42,"opticalalpha2":42,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":42,"opticalbeta2":42,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":42,"opticalgamma2":42,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":74,"opticalomega2":75,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":76,"opticalepsilon2":77,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":42,"opticaln2":42,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":42,"optical2vcalc2":42,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":42,"optical2vmeasured2":42,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":78,"rimax":79,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":80,"opticalpleochorismdesc":81,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":82,"otheroccurrence":83,"type_specimen_store":84,"description_short":85,"aboutname":86,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":87,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":88,"group_members":89,"associates":191,"confused_with":192,"type_localities":193,"occurrence_total":199,"citations":200,"images":247,"structures":509,"synonyms":516,"language_names":519,"wikidata_qid":551,"texts":552},3817,"1:1:3817:7","8cac7531-0069-4294-99cb-73874d9cda25","Sturmanite","Strm",0,"mineral",null,29289,3104,false,"Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·25H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe(III) may be replaced by Al and Mn(III).","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 25H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[19,20,21,22,23,24],"Ca","Fe","B","O","S","H",[19,20,21,22,23,24],[21],"25.11.23",[29],"APPROVED",1981,1983,"7","D","G","15","32","4","2","Trigonal",11,81,"0","11.16","21.79",3,9,2,"Pushcharovsky et al. (2004) give: a 11.188(9), c 21.91(7) Å, V 2375.1(5) Å3. ","Probably","Dipyramidal tabular to elongated hexagonal crystals.  Forms include {10.4} modified by {11.4}. Exhibits parallel growth, stacked parallel to {0001}.","Flattened hexagonal dipyramidal crystals.",2.5,"1.847","1.855","Measured with heavy liquids and pycnometer.","Vitreous","Vitreous,Greasy","Greasy on fracture surfaces","Transparent,Translucent","Pale yellow, greenish yellow, brownish orange (altered)","Bright yellow to amber",[63,64,65],"yellow","orange","green",[63,65,67,64],"brown","Does not fluoresce","\u003Cmi>{10_10}\u003C\u002Fmi>","Perfect","very brittle","Uniaxial","+\u002F-","1.499","1.5","1.497","1.505",1.497,1.505,"Weak","O= pale green\r\nE= pale yellowish green","Metamorphosed bedded manganese deposit.","Secondary mineral in cavities in metamorphosed manganese deposits.","National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 148261.\r\nRoyal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.","Ettringite Group.\r\n\r\nA possible Mn4+ analogue is here coded as Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of sturmanite).","Named in 1983 by Donald R. Peacor, Pete J. Dunn, and Marjorie Duggan in honor of Bozidar Darko Sturman (7 October 1937 – 27 March 2019), Croatian-Canadian mineralogist and former Associate Curator of Mineralogy, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, for his contributions to systematic mineralogy, in particular his studies of phosphate minerals from the Yukon and his refinement of methods used in optical mineralogy.","2025-08-11 12:14:23",[],[90,98,105,111,119,126,133,140,145,152,160,170,176,183],{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":93,"mindat_formula":94,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":95,"dcalc":96,"primary_image_id":97},627,"Bentorite","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.025","2.021",3065,{"id":99,"name":100,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":101,"mindat_formula":102,"hmin":52,"hmax":52,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":103,"primary_image_id":104},11186,"Buryatite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Al)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Al)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.895",4181,{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":109,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":42,"dcalc":42,"primary_image_id":11},7038,"Carraraite","Hexagonal","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ge(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)[Ge(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>](CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",{"id":112,"name":113,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":114,"mindat_formula":115,"hmin":52,"hmax":52,"dmeas":116,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":118},971,"Charlesite","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,O)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al,Si)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH,O)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.77","1.79",5296,{"id":120,"name":121,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":122,"mindat_formula":123,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":124,"dcalc":124,"primary_image_id":125},54035,"Chiyokoite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O (OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.85",5426,{"id":127,"name":128,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":129,"mindat_formula":130,"hmin":47,"hmax":52,"dmeas":116,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},1414,"Ettringite","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 27H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.76",8112,{"id":134,"name":135,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":136,"mindat_formula":137,"hmin":47,"hmax":52,"dmeas":138,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":139},41772,"Hielscherite","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>] · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·11H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.82",11399,{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":143,"mindat_formula":144,"hmin":47,"hmax":45,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":11},44007,"Imayoshiite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",{"id":146,"name":147,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":148,"mindat_formula":149,"hmin":52,"hmax":52,"dmeas":150,"dcalc":42,"primary_image_id":151},2118,"Jouravskite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.95",12707,{"id":153,"name":154,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":156,"hmin":47,"hmax":52,"dmeas":157,"dcalc":158,"primary_image_id":159},42534,"Kottenheimite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub> 3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O ","1.92","1.93",13596,{"id":161,"name":162,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":163,"mindat_formula":164,"hmin":165,"hmax":166,"dmeas":167,"dcalc":168,"primary_image_id":169},10390,"Micheelsenite","(Ca,Y)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(PO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Y)Al(PO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3.5,4,"2.15","2.17",16186,{"id":171,"name":172,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":173,"mindat_formula":174,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":175,"primary_image_id":11},53414,"Siwaqaite","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CrO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CrO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.819",{"id":177,"name":178,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":179,"mindat_formula":180,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":117,"dcalc":181,"primary_image_id":182},46816,"Tatarinovite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)[B(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.777",23700,{"id":184,"name":185,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":186,"mindat_formula":187,"hmin":165,"hmax":165,"dmeas":188,"dcalc":189,"primary_image_id":190},3933,"Thaumasite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)[Si(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>](CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.877","1.90",24028,[],[],[194],{"id":97,"txt":195,"latitude":196,"longitude":197,"country":198},"Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa",-27.1333333,22.8333333,"South Africa",6,[201,204,208,212,216,220,224,229,233,238,242],{"id":202,"year":31,"html":203,"doi":11},16033013,"Peacor, D. R., Dunn, P. J., Duggan, M. (1983) Sturmanite, a ferric iron, boron analogue of ettringite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  21 (4) 705-709 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM21_705.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":205,"year":206,"html":207,"doi":11},16124650,1986,"Hochleitner, Rupert (1986) Sturmanit und Ettringit aus den Kalahari-Manganfeldern [Sturmanite and Ettringite from the Kalahari manganese fields]. \u003Ci>Lapis\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (10) 19-24",{"id":209,"year":210,"html":211,"doi":11},12908492,1991,"Pohl, Demetrius, Bezing, K.L. Von, Dixon, Roger D., Cavallo, Greg (1991) The Kalahari Manganese Field [South Africa]: an Update. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 22 (4) 279-297",{"id":213,"year":214,"html":215,"doi":11},18779564,1994,"Weiner, Karl Ludwig; Weiß, Stefan (1994) Steckbrief: Sturmanit [Profile: Sturmanite]. \u003Ci>Lapis\u003C\u002Fi>,  19 (2). 9-11",{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":11},15934056,1995,"Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) \u003Ci>Minerals of South Africa\u003C\u002Fi>. Geological Society of South Africa. p.1-290.",{"id":221,"year":222,"html":223,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":225,"year":226,"html":227,"doi":228},63711,2002,"Antao, S. M., Duane, M. J., Hassan, I. (2002) DTA, TG, and XRD studies of sturmanite and ettringite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  40 (5). 1403-1409 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.40.5.1403'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.40.5.1403\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol40\u002FCM40_1403.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.40.5.1403",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":11},16124655,2003,"Pasero, M., Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (2003) Crystal structures of two iron-containing minerals: sturmanite and biraite-(Ce)(a new mineral). In Anniversary Fedorov Session 2003: 60-60.",{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":237},63960,2004,"Pushcharovsky, D. Yu., Lebedeva, Y. S., Zubkova, N. V., Pasero, M., Bellezza, M., Merlino, S., Chukanov, N. V. (2004) The crystal structure of sturmanite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  42 (3) 723-729 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.42.3.723'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.42.3.723\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol42\u002FCM42_723.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.42.3.723",{"id":239,"year":240,"html":241,"doi":11},16967513,2005,"(2005) Sturmanite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fsturmanite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":246},16395919,2014,"Frost, Ray L., Scholz, Ricardo, López, Andrés, Xi, Yunfei, Lana, Cristiano (2014) Vibrational spectroscopy of the sulphate mineral sturmanite from Kuruman manganese deposits, South Africa. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 133. 24-30 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.04.115'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.04.115\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.04.115",[248,258,268,276,284,292,300,307,314,322,329,337,344,350,357,364,371,378,384,391,397,404,412,420,428,435,444,452,462,469,476,482,489,496,503],{"id":249,"source_url":250,"license_code":251,"credit_html":252,"title":253,"description":254,"author":255,"original_width":256,"original_height":257},81269,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7063293","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7063293\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite.jpg","Sturmanite \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality :  N'Chwaning Mines, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : (4.3x2.8cm)\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",1755,2087,{"id":259,"source_url":260,"license_code":261,"credit_html":262,"title":263,"description":264,"author":265,"original_width":266,"original_height":267},23141,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140214","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140214\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-120663.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Transparent (!), gemmy , sharply formed sturmanite xls to 1.3 cm in size, on a good matrix. Very fine example for the size and price range! 3.1 x 2.8 x 2.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",772,800,{"id":269,"source_url":270,"license_code":261,"credit_html":271,"title":272,"description":273,"author":265,"original_width":274,"original_height":275},23142,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147973","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147973\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-162754.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.3 x 3.1 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Two crystals of sturmanite isolated on matrix, surrounded by dozens of tiny sturmanite crystals of the same form. The larger of the two crystals measures one centimeter across. Sturmanites are classic from this locality in the Kalahari Manganese Fields. Ex. William Hiss collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,530,{"id":277,"source_url":278,"license_code":261,"credit_html":279,"title":280,"description":281,"author":265,"original_width":282,"original_height":283},23143,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159741","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159741\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-204041.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.1 x 2.1 x 1.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A really fine and aesthetic sturmanite thumbnail from the N’Chwaning II Mine. Three, stacked, pagoda-like, hexagonal, honey-brown crystals form this piece. The crystal; shows an interesting concentric zoning. The top crystal is complete all-around and is undamaged and the bit of contacting on the lower crystals is on the back and out of sight. Ex. Rob Smith Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",750,649,{"id":285,"source_url":286,"license_code":261,"credit_html":287,"title":288,"description":289,"author":265,"original_width":290,"original_height":291},81270,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10131738","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10131738\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-43421.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>You could hardly asked for much more in a N’Chwaning sturmanite thumber – bright lemony color, DOUBLY-TERMINATED, translucent, even a cute little extension growth of one the terminations! Just a superb specimen, 20 years plus out of the ground, and seldom seen in such quality today. 2.8 x 0.8 x 0.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",244,675,{"id":293,"source_url":294,"license_code":261,"credit_html":295,"title":296,"description":297,"author":265,"original_width":298,"original_height":299},23144,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165470","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165470\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-240577.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.4 x 4.2 x 1.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A distinctive Sturmanite specimen consisting of a dozen or so sharp .8 cm hexagonal crystals with great luster and an appealing bronze-toned color. These partially gemmy crystals have a very interesting habit - basically hexagonal tabular crystals with truncated pyramidal terminations. Very sharp and very attractive. Ex. Charlie Key stock.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",500,404,{"id":301,"source_url":302,"license_code":261,"credit_html":303,"title":304,"description":305,"author":265,"original_width":306,"original_height":298},81271,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139367","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139367\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-118700.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.6 x 3.2 x 2.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Very nice cluster of gemmy and lustrous Sturmanite crystals attractively set on a plate of crystalline matrix. The largest crystal is 1.8 cm long and has clearly been damaged at one termination. Surprisingly, the removal of part of the outer yellow layer from this event has created what has turned out to be a very striking look. Damaged or not, the larger crystal actually adds contrast and interest to the smaller doubly-terminated crystals.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",440,{"id":308,"source_url":309,"license_code":261,"credit_html":310,"title":311,"description":312,"author":265,"original_width":313,"original_height":267},23145,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450469","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450469\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-k224a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.2 x 3.1 x 2.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Translucent (!), gemmy , sharply formed sturmanite xls to 1 cm in size, on a good matrix. Very fine example for the size and price range!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",629,{"id":315,"source_url":316,"license_code":261,"credit_html":317,"title":318,"description":319,"author":265,"original_width":320,"original_height":321},39467,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139884","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139884\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-119775.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3068.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.9 x 1.5 x 1.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A classic Sturmanite thumbnail featuring a very good sized, dark golden-yellow color with sharp, lustrous faces and plenty of gemmy areas. The piece is associated with white Charlesite towards the center of the crystal. It is sitting on a small mound of matrix and displays very well from both sides. Ex. Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",345,576,{"id":323,"source_url":324,"license_code":261,"credit_html":325,"title":326,"description":327,"author":265,"original_width":328,"original_height":267},23146,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450586","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450586\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-k280a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3068.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.4 x 1.8 x 1.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A stunning, well-terminated, elongate crystal of sturmanite without damage. It has a muted yellow color to it, as they typically do in shades of yellow-brown-orange. However, it has a phenomenal , almost metallic, lustre to it that IS very unusual and gives the surface a sparkle and sheen that is hard to convey in pictures. The crystal is internally bright and has gemmy highlights, It is certainly more translucent in person than it appears here. Comes with custom-mounted lucite base for display.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",310,{"id":330,"source_url":331,"license_code":261,"credit_html":332,"title":333,"description":334,"author":265,"original_width":335,"original_height":336},81272,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144702","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144702\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-144973.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.9 x 1.9 x 1.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An aesthetic toenail cluster of sharp, glassy, zoned, honey-yellow, pseudo-hexagonal sturmanite crystals from the famous N’Chwaning II Mine of South Africa. The prisms are on a thin complimentary crust of manganite and the contacting of one crystal in on the back, out of sight. Excellent material from the Charlie Key Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",294,400,{"id":338,"source_url":339,"license_code":261,"credit_html":340,"title":341,"description":342,"author":265,"original_width":336,"original_height":343},23147,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450595","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450595\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-k284a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3068.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.6 x 4.9 x 3.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a VERY 3-dimensional specimen with 3 large 2-cm , disc-shaped crystals perched atop. It is more impressive even in person because the third crystal is behind the first and shows more readily as you'd look down on the piece compared to a straight-frontal photo. These crystals are pristine and well formed, and show a classic hexagonal form. They are perched attractively on a natrual pedestal of matrix, with smaller accenting crystals, also undamaged.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",357,{"id":345,"source_url":346,"license_code":261,"credit_html":347,"title":348,"description":281,"author":265,"original_width":336,"original_height":349},81275,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159743","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159743\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-204042.jpg",375,{"id":351,"source_url":352,"license_code":261,"credit_html":353,"title":354,"description":355,"author":265,"original_width":282,"original_height":356},81276,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163985","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163985\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-231676.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3068.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.4 x 1.1 x 1.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An aesthetic thumbnail cluster of gemmy and lustrous, tabular, zoned golden-yellow sturmanite crystals from the N’Chwaning I Mine of South Africa. A classic, two-sided specimen from the Dick Jones Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",537,{"id":358,"source_url":359,"license_code":261,"credit_html":360,"title":361,"description":362,"author":265,"original_width":363,"original_height":298},81277,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165376","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165376\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-240239.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.8 x 3.1 x 1.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Without a doubt the most unusual, and definitely one of the most attractive, Sturmanites I have ever seen. While normal Sturmanites are hexagonal, this amber-orange zoned crystal is pentagonal. Looking line an elongated rhomb, it has a healed fracture that, in all honesty, adds even more aesthetic appeal to this specimen. The interior zone has a sparkly appearance almost looking like crumpled aluminum foil. It is, of course, contacted at the bottom. Ex. Charlie Key stock.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",473,{"id":365,"source_url":366,"license_code":261,"credit_html":367,"title":368,"description":369,"author":265,"original_width":370,"original_height":298},81278,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165392","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165392\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-240254.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.8 x 1.8 x 1.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp, well-formed, 1.8 cm hexagonal crystal of deep-yellow Sturmanite. The luster is very good, and the termination is accented by a narrow, very sharp bevel. Ex. Charlie Key stock.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",426,{"id":372,"source_url":373,"license_code":261,"credit_html":374,"title":375,"description":376,"author":265,"original_width":298,"original_height":377},81279,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165422","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165422\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-240280.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.7 x 5.7 x 4.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An attractive and interesting combination of various Sturmanite crystal forms. The string of bright lemon-yellow crystals along the center of the specimen are of a more rectangular prismatic habit, and range from gemmy to translucent. The largest is about .9 cm. Some of the outlying crystals are blocky, hexagonal orange-yellow prisms (up to about .7 cm) with very sharp, gemmy, and lustrous pyramidal terminations. The lower half of the specimen is populated by bright yellow, gemmy mm-size Sturmanites. Ex. Charlie Key stock.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",309,{"id":379,"source_url":380,"license_code":261,"credit_html":381,"title":382,"description":376,"author":265,"original_width":298,"original_height":383},81280,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165423","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165423\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-240281.jpg",449,{"id":385,"source_url":386,"license_code":261,"credit_html":387,"title":388,"description":389,"author":265,"original_width":336,"original_height":390},81281,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450468","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450468\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-k223b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 3.1 x 2.8 x 2.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Transparent (!), gemmy , sharply formed sturmanite xls to 1.3 cm in size, on a good matrix. Very fine example for the size and price range!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",364,{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":261,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":327,"author":265,"original_width":396,"original_height":267},81282,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450587","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450587\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-k280b.jpg",343,{"id":398,"source_url":399,"license_code":261,"credit_html":400,"title":401,"description":402,"author":265,"original_width":403,"original_height":267},23140,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127068","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127068\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-Ettringite-38536.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEttringite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ettringite\">Ettringite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A brilliantly yellow, lemon-colored, nearly-2-cm crystal is perched atop a knoll of matrix. The large crystal is sturmanite, and the smaller yellow specks in the matrix are probably ettringite - though often the same crystal may host both species in a transitional mix and its hard to say for sure without proper analysis. Surpassingly aesthetic! These came from a small series of finds, now some 20 years ago, and have not been found in this quality since. 4.9 x 4 x 3.6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",654,{"id":405,"source_url":406,"license_code":261,"credit_html":407,"title":408,"description":409,"author":265,"original_width":410,"original_height":411},39466,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10131449","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10131449\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-Charlesite-42659.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCharlesite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Charlesite\">Charlesite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An EXCELLENT thumbnail of a pristine, lustrous, translucent, orange-yellow sturmanite crystal with a nicely contrasting charlesite center from the famous Nchwaning II Mine of South Africa. Charlesite and sturmanite are very closely related. 1.6 x 1.6 x 1.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",450,413,{"id":413,"source_url":414,"license_code":261,"credit_html":415,"title":416,"description":417,"author":265,"original_width":418,"original_height":419},81273,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149375","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149375\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-Hematite-168796.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHematite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hematite\">Hematite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.5 x 7.4 x 4.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Tabular, GEM, olive-green sturmanite crystals RICHLY line two vugs in massive, layered hematite ore on this excellent and showy specimen from the famous N’Chwaning II Mine. The nicely beveled crystals are so glassy. This is an UNCOMMON sturmanite varietal. Ex. Rob Smith Collection, a noted South Africa\u002FNamibia collector.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",650,522,{"id":421,"source_url":422,"license_code":261,"credit_html":423,"title":424,"description":425,"author":265,"original_width":426,"original_height":427},81274,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151143","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151143\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-Quartz-176371.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.5 x 3.1 x 2.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Bladed, gemmy, yellow sturmanite crystals from the famous N’Chwaning II Mine of South Africa. The large blade is 1.0 cm and the 3-dimensional, massive manganite matrix is richly covered with glassy needle quartz crystals. Ex Rob Smith Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",550,401,{"id":429,"source_url":430,"license_code":261,"credit_html":431,"title":432,"description":433,"author":265,"original_width":434,"original_height":336},81283,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453520","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453520\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Sturmanite-mrz320c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kuruman, South Africa\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4 x 3.4 x 2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Sturmanite with Calcite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Simply said, this is a competition-level, elegant miniature of sturmanite, rare on matrix. Two prismatic, lustrous and translucent, greenish-brown sturmanite crystals, to 2.25 cm in length, diverge and form a \"v\". Aesthetic and superb!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",360,{"id":436,"source_url":437,"license_code":261,"credit_html":438,"title":439,"description":440,"author":441,"original_width":442,"original_height":443},19799,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22326536","Ra'ike, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22326536\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Portlandite, Sturmanite - Mineralogisches Museum Bonn2.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPortlandite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Portlandite\">Portlandite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mine, Kalahari, Southafrica\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum of University Bonn, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Ra'ike",2646,2187,{"id":445,"source_url":446,"license_code":251,"credit_html":447,"title":448,"description":449,"author":450,"original_width":30,"original_height":451},81284,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44398412","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44398412\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite, celestine 1100.FS2015 1.jpg","sturmanite, celestite : N’Chwanning II Mine, N’Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa","Géry PARENT",1319,{"id":453,"source_url":454,"license_code":455,"credit_html":456,"title":457,"description":458,"author":459,"original_width":460,"original_height":461},81285,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=80806483","CC BY 4.0","Dguendel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=80806483\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Freiberg, Terra mineralia, Sturmanit.JPG","Freiberg, Terra mineralia, sturmanite,  location: NChwaning II Mine, South Africa","Dguendel",3278,3361,{"id":463,"source_url":464,"license_code":261,"credit_html":465,"title":466,"description":467,"author":265,"original_width":468,"original_height":298},5297,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10133846","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10133846\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-Ettringite-Charlesite-49268.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEttringite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ettringite\">Ettringite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCharlesite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Charlesite\">Charlesite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A SUPERB, LARGE and glassy yellow-brown crystal that exhibits all three members of the solid solution series of sturmanite, ettringite and charlesite from the famous Nchwaning II Mine. This undamaged crystal has sturmanite and charlesite on the outside and ettringite on the inside of the crystal. It has a few stepped growth elements on teh edges that show one internal member of the series, charlesite, under the sturmanite coating (those spots are not damage). The backlit photo highlights the translucency and yellow-cored interior composed of the lemon-yellow ettringite. 5.4 x 2.4 x 1.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",237,{"id":470,"source_url":471,"license_code":261,"credit_html":472,"title":473,"description":474,"author":265,"original_width":475,"original_height":274},5298,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141524","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141524\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-Charlesite-131678.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCharlesite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Charlesite\">Charlesite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.3 x 3.9 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sturmanite, ettringite, and charlesite exist in a series and often in the larger crystals there is a gradient of one t the other within the same crystal. Seldom is that so obvious as here, where the colorless charlesite, which is 95% of the material and crystals present, grades to slightly yellow sturmanite at the tips of the scalloped edges. Old material from the early 1980s. Crystals to 1 cm. Ex. Charlie Key Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",466,{"id":477,"source_url":478,"license_code":261,"credit_html":479,"title":480,"description":474,"author":265,"original_width":481,"original_height":336},5299,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141525","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141525\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite-Charlesite-131679.jpg",350,{"id":483,"source_url":484,"license_code":261,"credit_html":485,"title":486,"description":487,"author":265,"original_width":267,"original_height":488},5300,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150166","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150166\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Charlesite-Sturmanite-172051.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCharlesite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Charlesite\">Charlesite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4 x 3 x 1.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Charlesite is a close relative of sturmanite – and this specimen appears to consist of white charlesite crystals with an outer layer of bright yellow sturmanite. The crystals measure to one centimeter. Ex Scott Williams Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",611,{"id":490,"source_url":491,"license_code":261,"credit_html":492,"title":493,"description":494,"author":265,"original_width":274,"original_height":495},5303,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453332","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453332\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Charlesite-Sturmanite-mrz190a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCharlesite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Charlesite\">Charlesite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSturmanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sturmanite\">Sturmanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3068.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.4 x 2.9 x 1.7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Charlesite and Sturmanite with Calcite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very interesting specimen of charlesite cores surrounded by sturmanite (they are a series, and portions of the crystal are of different species, thus). These crystals are unusually well-formed to be so rich in charlesite, of which they mostly are composed. Charlesite is more white and lighter yellow, while the sturmanite is darker in hue as a general rule.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",458,{"id":497,"source_url":498,"license_code":261,"credit_html":499,"title":500,"description":440,"author":441,"original_width":501,"original_height":502},19800,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22326544","Ra'ike, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22326544\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Portlandite, Sturmanite - Mineralogisches Museum Bonn1.jpg",2456,1944,{"id":504,"source_url":505,"license_code":261,"credit_html":506,"title":507,"description":494,"author":265,"original_width":336,"original_height":508},39475,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453333","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453333\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Charlesite-Sturmanite-mrz190b.jpg",299,[510],{"id":511,"url":512,"label":513,"formula":514,"spacegroup":515,"year":235},13266,"\u002Fcif\u002F13266.cif","Pushcharovsky 2004","Fe.59 Ca6 S2.24 B1.09 O49.92","P 3 1 c",[517,518],"IMA1981-011","Sturmaniet",[520,524,529,533,536,539,543,547],{"lang":521,"names":522},"ca",[523],"sturmanita",{"lang":525,"names":526},"de",[527,528],"IMA 1981-010","Sturmanit",{"lang":530,"names":531},"eu",[532],"Sturmanita",{"lang":534,"names":535},"fr",[7],{"lang":537,"names":538},"it",[7],{"lang":540,"names":541},"mk",[542],"Стурманит",{"lang":544,"names":545},"pl",[546],"sturmanit",{"lang":548,"names":549},"uk",[550],"штурманіт","Q654795",{"history":11,"applications":11}]