[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:10984":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":8,"polytypeof":8,"groupid":8,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":8,"mindat_formula_note":8,"ima_formula":8,"elements":8,"sigelements":8,"key_elements":8,"impurities":8,"cim":8,"ima_status":8,"ima_notes":8,"ima_history":8,"approval_year":8,"publication_year":8,"discovery_year":8,"strunz10ed1":14,"strunz10ed2":14,"strunz10ed3":14,"strunz10ed4":8,"dana8ed1":8,"dana8ed2":8,"dana8ed3":8,"dana8ed4":8,"csystem":8,"cclass":8,"spacegroup":8,"spacegroupset":14,"a":8,"b":8,"c":8,"alpha":8,"beta":8,"gamma":8,"aerror":8,"berror":8,"cerror":8,"alphaerror":8,"betaerror":8,"gammaerror":8,"va3":8,"z":8,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":8,"twinning":8,"tranglide":8,"parting":8,"epitaxidescription":8,"morphology":8,"tlform":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"hardtype":8,"vhnmin":8,"vhnmax":8,"vhnerror":8,"vhng":8,"vhns":8,"commenthard":8,"dmeas":8,"dmeas2":8,"dcalc":8,"dmeaserror":8,"dcalcerror":8,"commentdense":8,"lustre":8,"lustretype":8,"commentluster":8,"diapheny":8,"streak":8,"colour":15,"commentcolor":16,"colors":17,"streak_colors":8,"luminescence":8,"uv":20,"cleavage":8,"cleavagetype":8,"fracturetype":8,"tenacity":8,"commentbreak":8,"opticaltype":8,"opticalsign":8,"opticalalpha":8,"opticalalpha2":8,"opticalalphaerror":8,"opticalbeta":8,"opticalbeta2":8,"opticalbetaerror":8,"opticalgamma":8,"opticalgamma2":8,"opticalgammaerror":8,"opticalomega":8,"opticalomega2":8,"opticalomegaerror":8,"opticalepsilon":8,"opticalepsilon2":8,"opticalepsilonerror":8,"opticaln":8,"opticaln2":8,"opticalnerror":8,"optical2vcalc":8,"optical2vcalc2":8,"optical2vcalcerror":8,"optical2vmeasured":8,"optical2vmeasured2":8,"optical2vmeasurederror":8,"rimin":8,"rimax":8,"opticaldispersion":8,"opticalpleochroism":8,"opticalpleochorismdesc":8,"opticalbirefringence":8,"opticalcomments":8,"opticalcolour":8,"opticalinternal":8,"opticaltropic":8,"opticalanisotropism":8,"opticalbireflectance":8,"opticalextinction":8,"opticalr":8,"specdispm":8,"ir":8,"electrical":8,"magnetism":8,"thermalbehaviour":8,"other":8,"industrial":8,"occurrence":8,"otheroccurrence":8,"type_specimen_store":8,"description_short":8,"aboutname":8,"rock_parent":8,"rock_parent2":8,"rock_root":21,"rock_bgs_code":8,"meteoritical_code":8,"updttime":22,"reviewed_at":8,"variety_of":8,"varieties":23,"group_members":24,"associates":25,"confused_with":26,"type_localities":27,"occurrence_total":28,"citations":29,"images":53,"structures":171,"synonyms":172,"language_names":178,"wikidata_qid":8,"texts":179},10984,"1:1:10984:8","22b00d97-d588-42a1-ad93-cb32e1dcf519","Sunstone",null,2,"variety",1624,599,false,"0","red, red–green bicolored, and green","The color variations observed in the ten samples are attributed to absorption bands around 560–590 nm, which are caused by the localized surface plasmon resonance of copper nanoparticles with different size and morphology. From the perspective of inclusions, the distribution of dot-like inclusions on the shallow surface of the samples (aggregated into linear, feather-like, or clustered formations) may serve as identifying evidence of copper diffusion treatment.[[1]]",[18,19],"red","green","The fluorescence spectra of the labradorite and andesine feldspar before and after copper diffusion. The strong fluorescence (under 320 nm excitation) was verified as the key evidence of copper diffusion treatment. The strong fluorescence is attributed to residual Cu+ ions within the feldspar lattice resulting from copper diffusion treatment. During the copper diffusion treatment of labradorite or andesine feldspar, elemental copper diffuses into the crystal lattice via Cu+–Na+ ion exchange. Once inside the crystal lattice, Cu+ ions capture electrons and are subsequently reduced to Cu0, which then aggregates to form copper nanoparticles. Throughout this process, a significant portion of the Cu+ ions may not be reduced to Cu0, thereby exhibiting strong fluorescence under 320 nm UV excitation. They exhibit relatively strong purple fluorescence under 320 nm UV light irradiation.[[1]]",0,"2026-04-22 09:35:57",[],[],[],[],[],37,[30,34,39,44,49],{"id":31,"year":32,"html":33,"doi":8},17231996,1978,"Copley, P. A., Gay, P. (1978) A scanning electron microscope investigation of some Norwegian aventurine feldspars. \u003Ci>Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology]\u003C\u002Fi>,  58 (1) 93-95 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fforeninger.uio.no\u002Fngf\u002Fngt\u002Fpdfs\u002FNGT_58_1_093-095.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":35,"year":36,"html":37,"doi":38},1081966,2018,"Liu, Jia, Shen, Andy H., Zhang, Zhiqing, Wang, Chengsi, Shao, Tian (2018) Revisiting Rainbow Lattice Sunstone from the Harts Range, Australia. \u003Ci>The Journal of Gemmology\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (1) 44-52 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.15506\u002Fjog.2018.36.1.44'>doi:10.15506\u002Fjog.2018.36.1.44\u003C\u002Fa>","10.15506\u002Fjog.2018.36.1.44",{"id":40,"year":41,"html":42,"doi":43},16095862,2022,"Jin, Shiyun; Sun, Ziyin; Palke, Aaron C. (2022) Iron oxide inclusions and exsolution textures of rainbow lattice sunstone. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  34 (2). 183-200 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-34-183-2022'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-34-183-2022\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-34-183-2022",{"id":45,"year":46,"html":47,"doi":48},17318046,2024,"Shang, Zhongyi, Zhang, Zhiqing, Zhou, Qingchao (2024) Identification of Some Gem-Quality Red and Green Feldspars. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (5). 409 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst14050409'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst14050409\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst14050409",{"id":50,"year":51,"html":52,"doi":8},17991734,2025,"Wang, Chengsi, Shen, Andy H, Heaney, Peter J, Palke, Aaron, Wang, Ke, Wang, Haiying, Kiefert, Lore, Grew, Edward S (2025) Cu nanoparticle geometry as the key to bicolor behavior in Oregon sunstones: An application of LSPR theory in nanomineralogy. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  110 (2). 293-305",[54,64,71,79,86,93,101,109,119,128,138,147,156,164],{"id":55,"source_url":56,"license_code":57,"credit_html":58,"title":59,"description":60,"author":61,"original_width":62,"original_height":63},71835,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724116","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724116\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sunstone (Tertiary; Spectrum Mine, Oregon, USA) 3.jpg","Faceted sunstone from the Tertiary of Oregon, USA.  (~1.3 centimeters across at its widest; 5.8 carats)\n\u003Cp>The gemstone known as \"sunstone\" is transparent to translucent plagioclase feldspar with mineral inclusions that impart attractive colors.  Oregon sunstone is particularly famous because the inclusions are tiny masses of native copper (Cu).  In the Oregon sunstone collecting fields, sunstones are relatively large plagioclase phenocrysts in Tertiary-aged, porphyritic, mafic volcanic rocks.  Not all Oregon sunstones come from the same volcanic unit.  Published dates indicate that the host rocks are Miocene in age - about 15 to 17 million years old.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Spectrum Mine, east of the northern end of Lake Abert & north of the town of Plush, southern Oregon, USA (vicinity of 42 43' 55.43\" North latitude, 119 52' 08.54\" West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Some info. from:\nwww.gia.edu\u002Fdoc\u002F1495295555154\u002FGG-FA13-Pay-oregon-sunstone...\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>See info. at:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.highdesertgemsandminerals.com\u002Fhtml\u002Fspectrum_sunstone_...","James St. John",2206,1053,{"id":65,"source_url":66,"license_code":57,"credit_html":67,"title":68,"description":60,"author":61,"original_width":69,"original_height":70},71837,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724121","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724121\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sunstone (Tertiary; Spectrum Mine, Oregon, USA) 4.jpg",1779,980,{"id":72,"source_url":73,"license_code":57,"credit_html":74,"title":75,"description":76,"author":61,"original_width":77,"original_height":78},71838,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724124","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724124\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sunstone (Tertiary; Spectrum Mine, Oregon, USA) 7.jpg","Faceted sunstone from the Tertiary of Oregon, USA.  (~1.0 centimeters across at its widest; 2.2 carats)\n\u003Cp>The gemstone known as \"sunstone\" is transparent to translucent plagioclase feldspar with mineral inclusions that impart attractive colors.  Oregon sunstone is particularly famous because the inclusions are tiny masses of native copper (Cu).  In the Oregon sunstone collecting fields, sunstones are relatively large plagioclase phenocrysts in Tertiary-aged, porphyritic, mafic volcanic rocks.  Not all Oregon sunstones come from the same volcanic unit.  Published dates indicate that the host rocks are Miocene in age - about 15 to 17 million years old.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Spectrum Mine, east of the northern end of Lake Abert & north of the town of Plush, southern Oregon, USA (vicinity of 42 43' 55.43\" North latitude, 119 52' 08.54\" West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Some info. from:\nwww.gia.edu\u002Fdoc\u002F1495295555154\u002FGG-FA13-Pay-oregon-sunstone...\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>See info. at:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.highdesertgemsandminerals.com\u002Fhtml\u002Fspectrum_sunstone_...",1781,1043,{"id":80,"source_url":81,"license_code":57,"credit_html":82,"title":83,"description":76,"author":61,"original_width":84,"original_height":85},71839,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724126","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724126\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sunstone (Tertiary; Spectrum Mine, Oregon, USA) 8.jpg",1467,887,{"id":87,"source_url":88,"license_code":57,"credit_html":89,"title":90,"description":76,"author":61,"original_width":91,"original_height":92},71840,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724129","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113724129\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sunstone (Tertiary; Spectrum Mine, Oregon, USA) 12.jpg",1811,978,{"id":94,"source_url":95,"license_code":57,"credit_html":96,"title":97,"description":98,"author":61,"original_width":99,"original_height":100},71842,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=126568602","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=126568602\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sunstone 2.jpg","(~2.8 centimeters across)\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>\"Sunstone\" refers to feldspar masses with inclusions that flash warm-colored to rainbow-colored light.  The inclusions are usually clusters of small hematite plates (Fe2O3 - iron oxide).  \"Oregon sunstone\" has inclusions of native copper.  This example is potassium feldspar with hematite inclusions.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: unrecorded \u002F undisclosed",1315,1273,{"id":102,"source_url":103,"license_code":57,"credit_html":104,"title":105,"description":106,"author":61,"original_width":107,"original_height":108},71843,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=126568617","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=126568617\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sunstone 7.jpg","(~2.3 centimeters across)\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>\"Sunstone\" refers to feldspar masses with inclusions that flash warm-colored to rainbow-colored light.  The inclusions are usually clusters of small hematite plates (Fe2O3 - iron oxide).  \"Oregon sunstone\" has inclusions of native copper.  This example is potassium feldspar with hematite inclusions.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: unrecorded \u002F undisclosed",1708,1060,{"id":110,"source_url":111,"license_code":112,"credit_html":113,"title":114,"description":115,"author":116,"original_width":117,"original_height":118},71236,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6982245","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6982245\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Heliolite.jpg","Oligoclase - (Var.Sunstone) India (1.5x1cm)","Didier Descouens",2346,1802,{"id":120,"source_url":121,"license_code":122,"credit_html":123,"title":124,"description":125,"author":126,"original_width":69,"original_height":127},71821,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4342491","CC BY 3.0","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4342491\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Oligoclase-Sunstone from India2.jpg","Sunstone, Variety of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOligoclase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Oligoclase\">Oligoclase\u003C\u002Fa> from India","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",1471,{"id":129,"source_url":130,"license_code":131,"credit_html":132,"title":133,"description":134,"author":135,"original_width":136,"original_height":137},60478,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12518599","CC BY-SA 3.0","ArniEin, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12518599\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Silfurberg.jpg","Iceland spar, perhaps the medieval sunstone.","ArniEin",3000,2455,{"id":139,"source_url":140,"license_code":141,"credit_html":142,"title":143,"description":144,"author":145,"original_width":146,"original_height":146},71232,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956064","Public domain","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956064\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Feldspar - Oligoclase Sunstone Sodium calcium aluminum silicate India 2485.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",700,{"id":148,"source_url":149,"license_code":112,"credit_html":150,"title":151,"description":152,"author":153,"original_width":154,"original_height":155},76206,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=54692113","Rainbowlatticesunstone, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=54692113\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","NT14 resized.jpg","Rainbow Lattice Sunstone with Hematite and Ilmenite equilateral triangle inclusions","Rainbowlatticesunstone",1404,830,{"id":157,"source_url":158,"license_code":112,"credit_html":159,"title":160,"description":161,"author":153,"original_width":162,"original_height":163},76207,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=54692160","Rainbowlatticesunstone, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=54692160\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rainbow Lattice Sunstone rough.jpg","Rough piece of Rainbow Lattice Sunstone",2336,2584,{"id":165,"source_url":166,"license_code":112,"credit_html":167,"title":168,"description":169,"author":153,"original_width":170,"original_height":170},76208,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=54715339","Rainbowlatticesunstone, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=54715339\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","NT41.jpg","Rainbow Lattice Sunstone",2278,[],[173,174,175,176,177],"Adventurine Feldspar","Aventurine Feldspar","Aventurine Orthoclase","Heliolite","Sonnenstein",[],{"history":8,"applications":8}]