[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:3935":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":21,"ima_status":22,"ima_notes":24,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":26,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":39,"beta":39,"gamma":39,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":37,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":43,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":44,"tlform":11,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":39,"vhnmax":39,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":47,"dmeas2":47,"dcalc":48,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":49,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":50,"streak":51,"colour":52,"commentcolor":11,"colors":53,"streak_colors":58,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":59,"cleavagetype":60,"fracturetype":61,"tenacity":62,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":63,"opticalsign":64,"opticalalpha":65,"opticalalpha2":39,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":66,"opticalbeta2":39,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":67,"opticalgamma2":39,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":68,"optical2vcalc2":39,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":69,"optical2vmeasured2":39,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":70,"rimax":71,"opticaldispersion":72,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":73,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":74,"otheroccurrence":75,"type_specimen_store":76,"description_short":77,"aboutname":78,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":79,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":80,"group_members":81,"associates":82,"confused_with":218,"type_localities":225,"occurrence_total":230,"citations":231,"images":357,"structures":500,"synonyms":512,"language_names":515,"wikidata_qid":620,"texts":621},3935,"1:1:3935:8","5d563666-edae-4bdf-8daf-80465edbabc3","Thénardite","Thn",0,"mineral",null,1311,false,"Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[17,18,19],"Na","O","S",[17,18,19],"25.1.1",[23],"APPROVED",[25],"RENAMED",1826,"1826","7","A","D","25","28","2","3","1","Orthorhombic",8,53,"0","5.86","12.3","9.82","On {110} common, yielding cruciform groups. Also on {011}, yielding twins rather similar to gypsum \"butterfly\" twins.","Crystals dipyramidal {111} with minor truncations; tabular {010} rough and striated, and {101} present as large faces; prismatic [100], rare. Pulverulent crusts, efflorescences.",2.5,3,"2.664","2.674","Vitreous,Resinous","Transparent,Translucent","White","Colourless, very light grey, light brown; colourless in transmitted light",[54,55,56,57],"colorless","gray","brown","white",[57],"On {010} perfect; on {101} fair; on {100} incomplete","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven,Hackly","brittle","Biaxial","+","1.471","1.477","1.484","86","83",1.471,1.484,"none","Melting Point = 883° C.","Salt lake.","Lakes and playas in arid regions; as efflorescences on soils in arid areas, and in caliche. Also occurs around volcanic fumaroles mixed with alkali halides and sulphates and as an incrustation on recent lavas.","Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, number 26.252 (holotype).","Five polymorphs known (compare metathénardite).\r\nMay occur as a dehydration product of mirabilite. See also 'UM1962-08-SO:HNa'.\r\n\r\nAs shown by experiments of Africano et al. (2002), it may deposit from volcanic gas in high fO2 conditions during cooling...","Thenardite was named by J.L. Casaseca in 1826 and published both in French and English. In both articles, the mineral name was without the accent mark, even though the family name Thénard is spelled with an accent. Casaseca was a professor of chemistry at the university of Madrid (Spain), and he named the mineral after his teacher and mentor Louis Jacques Thénard (1777-1857), Professor of Chemistry, University of Paris (France). Both spellings, thenardite and thénardite, were used in literature until 2014, when IMA proposal 14-A was accepted and the mineral name \"thenardite\" became thénardite, in agreement with the original spelling of the family name.","2025-08-11 12:14:24",[],[],[83,92,101,109,116,124,132,139,147,154,163,170,179,187,196,202,210],{"id":84,"name":85,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":87,"mindat_formula":88,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":89,"dcalc":90,"primary_image_id":91},695,"Blödite","Monoclinic","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 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7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.675","1.678",29669,{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":112,"mindat_formula":112,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":113,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":115},1706,"Glauberite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.75","2.78",56675,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":119,"mindat_formula":120,"hmin":97,"hmax":97,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":123},1784,"Gypsum","Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.312","2.308",10652,{"id":125,"name":126,"entrytype":9,"csystem":127,"ima_formula":128,"mindat_formula":128,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":129,"dcalc":130,"primary_image_id":131},1804,"Halite","Isometric","NaCl","2.168","2.165",29829,{"id":133,"name":134,"entrytype":9,"csystem":135,"ima_formula":136,"mindat_formula":137,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":11},1934,"Howardevansite","Triclinic","NaCu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","NaCuFe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.814",{"id":140,"name":141,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":142,"mindat_formula":143,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":144,"dcalc":145,"primary_image_id":146},2251,"Konyaite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> 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15H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>·15H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.374","2.35",14774,{"id":164,"name":165,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":166,"mindat_formula":167,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":168,"dcalc":169,"primary_image_id":11},53224,"Lussierite","Na\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>[(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>"," Na\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>[(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)","2.87","2.912",{"id":171,"name":172,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":173,"mindat_formula":174,"hmin":175,"hmax":45,"dmeas":176,"dcalc":177,"primary_image_id":178},2725,"Mirabilite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"1.464","1.467",30201,{"id":180,"name":181,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":182,"mindat_formula":183,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":184,"dcalc":185,"primary_image_id":186},2831,"Nahcolite","NaH(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","NaHCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.21","2.16",16985,{"id":188,"name":189,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":190,"mindat_formula":191,"hmin":192,"hmax":175,"dmeas":193,"dcalc":194,"primary_image_id":195},2858,"Natron","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1,"1.478","1.458",30328,{"id":197,"name":198,"entrytype":9,"csystem":157,"ima_formula":199,"mindat_formula":200,"hmin":175,"hmax":97,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":201},2916,"Nitratine","Na(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","NaNO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",17754,{"id":203,"name":204,"entrytype":9,"csystem":135,"ima_formula":205,"mindat_formula":206,"hmin":97,"hmax":46,"dmeas":207,"dcalc":208,"primary_image_id":209},3460,"Rossite","Ca(VO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(VO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H2O","2.45","2.42",21172,{"id":211,"name":212,"entrytype":9,"csystem":86,"ima_formula":213,"mindat_formula":214,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":215,"dcalc":216,"primary_image_id":217},4031,"Trona","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(HCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>H(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.11","2.124",83689,[219],{"id":220,"name":221,"entrytype":9,"csystem":222,"ima_formula":15,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":223,"dcalc":224,"primary_image_id":11},30808,"Metathénardite","Hexagonal","2.72","2.717",[226],{"id":227,"txt":228,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":229},3124,"Espartinas Saltworks, Ciempozuelos, Community of Madrid, Spain","Spain",288,[232,235,238,242,246,250,254,258,262,267,271,275,278,283,287,290,293,297,301,305,309,313,317,321,325,330,334,338,343,348,352],{"id":233,"year":26,"html":234,"doi":11},16125529,"Casaseca, J.L. (1826) Analyse d'une nouvelle Substance minérale (la Thenardite). Annales de chimie et de physique: 32: 308-316.",{"id":236,"year":26,"html":237,"doi":11},16125530,"Casaseca, J.L. (1826) Thenardite. The Annals of Philosophy: 12: 312-314.",{"id":239,"year":240,"html":241,"doi":11},16125531,1832,"Breithaupt, A. (1832) Vollständige Characteristik etc., 2nd. Ed.: 33 (as Anhydrisches Natronsulfat).",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":11},16125532,1855,"Scacchi (1855) Mem. Incend. Vesuvius, Naples (as Pyrotechnite).",{"id":247,"year":248,"html":249,"doi":11},16125533,1857,"Des Cloizeaux (1857) Annales des mines: 11: 318.",{"id":251,"year":252,"html":253,"doi":11},16125534,1882,"Baerwald (1882) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 6: 36.",{"id":255,"year":256,"html":257,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":259,"year":260,"html":261,"doi":11},16125536,1910,"Görgey (1910) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 29: 202.",{"id":263,"year":264,"html":265,"doi":266},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":268,"year":269,"html":270,"doi":11},4468630,1922,"(1922) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 8 - Text - Band VIII - Safflorit-Topas. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":272,"year":273,"html":274,"doi":11},16125539,1926,"Cole, L.H. (1926) Sodium sulphate of western Canada occurrence, uses, and technology. Canada Mines Branch, Publication no. 646: 175 pgs.",{"id":276,"year":273,"html":277,"doi":11},16125540,"Doelter, C. (1926) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4[2]: 35 (see Jänecke in).",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":282},1185400,1928,"Blasdale, Walter C., Robson, Homer L. (1928) The system water and the sulfates of sodium and magnesium. \u003Ci>Journal Of The American Chemical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (1). 35-46 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fja01388a006'>doi:10.1021\u002Fja01388a006\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fja01388a006",{"id":284,"year":285,"html":286,"doi":11},16125541,1929,"Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 2679.",{"id":288,"year":285,"html":289,"doi":11},16125542,"Kracek, F.C. (1929) The Polymorphism of Sodium Sulphate. I: Thermal Analysis. Journal of Physical Chemistry: 33: 1281-1303.",{"id":291,"year":285,"html":292,"doi":11},16125543,"Kracek, F.C., Gibson, R.E. (1929) The Polymorphism of Sodium Sulphate. II. The Densities on Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate at 25 degrees. Journal of Physical Chemistry: 33: 1304-1308.",{"id":294,"year":295,"html":296,"doi":11},16125544,1932,"Zachariasen, W.H., Ziegler, G.E. (1932) The Crystal Structure of Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate Na2SO4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 81: 92-101.",{"id":298,"year":299,"html":300,"doi":11},16125545,1938,"Hill, A.E., Wills, J.H. (1938) Ternary Systems. XXIV. Calcium Sulfate, Sodium Sulfate and Water. Journal of the American Chemical Society: 60: 1647-1655.",{"id":302,"year":303,"html":304,"doi":11},16125546,1944,"Spencer, E. (1944) An Unusual Occurrence of Bedded Thenardite. Mineralogical Magazine: 27: 29-31.",{"id":306,"year":307,"html":308,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":310,"year":311,"html":312,"doi":11},16125548,1973,"Nord, A.G. (1973) Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Thenardite, Na2SO4(V). Acta Chemica Scandinavica: 27: 814-822.",{"id":314,"year":315,"html":316,"doi":11},17093587,1975,"Hawthorne, F. C., Ferguson, R. B. (1975) Anhydrous sulphates. I: Refinement of the crystal structure of celestite with an appendix on the structure of thenardite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (2) 181-187 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM13_181.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":318,"year":319,"html":320,"doi":11},16125550,1978,"Mehrotra, B.N., Hahn, T., Eysel, W., Röpke, H., Illguth, A. (1978) Crystal chemistry of compounds with thenardite (Na2SO4V) structure. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1978: 408-421.",{"id":322,"year":323,"html":324,"doi":11},16125551,1981,"Mehrotra, B.N. (1981) The crystal structure of Na2SO4 III. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 155: 159-163.",{"id":326,"year":327,"html":328,"doi":329},16052495,2002,"Africano, F., Van Rompaey, G., Bernard, A., Le Guern, F (2002) Deposition of trace elements from high temperature gases of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. \u003Ci>Earth Planets and Space\u003C\u002Fi>,  54 (3). 275-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002FBF03353027'>doi:10.1186\u002FBF03353027\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1186\u002FBF03353027",{"id":331,"year":327,"html":332,"doi":333},10559820,"Shannon, Robert D., Shannon, Ruth C., Medenbach, Olaf, Fischer, Reinhard X. (2002) Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides. \u003Ci>Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data\u003C\u002Fi>,  31 (4) 931-970 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.1497384'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.1497384\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.1497384",{"id":335,"year":336,"html":337,"doi":11},16967683,2005,"(2005) Thénardite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fthenardite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":339,"year":340,"html":341,"doi":342},395626,2007,"Lane, M. D. (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  92 (1) 1-18 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol92\u002FAM92_1.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170",{"id":344,"year":345,"html":346,"doi":347},244518,2014,"Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2014) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014, CNMNC Newsletter No 20. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  78 (3) 549-558 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2014.078.3.05'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2014.078.3.05\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2014.078.3.05",{"id":349,"year":345,"html":350,"doi":351},397598,"Lopez-Reyes, G., Sobron, P., Lefebvre, C., Rull, F. (2014) Multivariate analysis of Raman spectra for the identification of sulfates: Implications for ExoMars. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  99 (8) 1570-1579 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4724'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4724\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4724",{"id":353,"year":354,"html":355,"doi":356},65282,2015,"Bayliss, Peter (2015) Mineral Nomenclature. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (4) 775 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.4358'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.4358\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.4358",[358,366,370,380,384,394,398,405,413,423,433,443,450,458,465,472,479,486,493],{"id":359,"source_url":360,"license_code":361,"credit_html":362,"title":363,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},30823,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116548","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116548\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana","Thenardite",1000,666,{"id":367,"source_url":368,"license_code":361,"credit_html":369,"title":363,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},30824,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114980","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114980\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":371,"source_url":372,"license_code":373,"credit_html":374,"title":375,"description":376,"author":377,"original_width":378,"original_height":379},82575,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5825786","CC BY 2.0","Alisha Vargas from Reno, NV, US, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5825786\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite from Searles Dry Lake, California.jpg","\u003Cp>Thenardite collected from the Blow Hole field trip to Searles Dry Lake at Gem-O-Rama in Trona, California.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>If you're interested in going to Gem-O-Rama, check out my article on how to do it for more information: \n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ehow.com\u002Fhow_4551987_do-gemorama-trona-california.html\">www.ehow.com\u002Fhow_4551987_do-gemorama-trona-california.html\u003C\u002Fa>","Alisha Vargas from Reno, NV, US",1024,768,{"id":381,"source_url":382,"license_code":361,"credit_html":383,"title":363,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},30825,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116471","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116471\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":385,"source_url":386,"license_code":387,"credit_html":388,"title":389,"description":390,"author":391,"original_width":392,"original_height":393},24039,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453491","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453491\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-mrz305a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSoda_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Soda Lake\">Soda Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCarrizo_Plain\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Carrizo Plain\">Carrizo Plain\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Luis_Obispo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Luis Obispo County, California\">San Luis Obispo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3566.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.5 x 3.9 x 3.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Thenardite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A super floater crystal cluster of twinned thenardite, sharp as can be! Sprayed with a shellac to preserve it from dehydrating.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",600,552,{"id":395,"source_url":396,"license_code":361,"credit_html":397,"title":363,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},30826,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119835","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119835\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":399,"source_url":400,"license_code":387,"credit_html":401,"title":402,"description":390,"author":391,"original_width":403,"original_height":404},24040,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453492","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453492\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-mrz305b.jpg",400,349,{"id":406,"source_url":407,"license_code":387,"credit_html":408,"title":409,"description":410,"author":391,"original_width":411,"original_height":412},24041,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=16763145","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=16763145\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-321016.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa> (Specimen size: 8.9 x 7.0 x 5.3 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo Co., California, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3566.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Thenardite is a relatively uncommon orthorhombic sodium sulfate usually found in lakes and playas in arid regions. This is a very sculptural, intergrown cluster of sharp, very glassy, transparent crystals with clay inclusions from the famous Soda Lake deposit in California. The largest crystal is 3.2 cm. These crystals have exceptional gemminess for the species and locale. Very nearly pristine for such dense coverage of a soft mineral. Choice material for the species and locale. Ex. Howard Belsky Collection. Howard started as a mineral dealer at age 13 in 1972, became a sophisticated dealer and died tragically at age 28 in 1987. This is one of the best examples we have seen of the species, and so rarely seen in a cluster.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",465,357,{"id":414,"source_url":415,"license_code":416,"credit_html":417,"title":418,"description":419,"author":420,"original_width":421,"original_height":422},24042,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=16763744","CC BY 3.0","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=16763744\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-215859.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A 5.2 by 3.3 cms group of two crystals. JSS specimen and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",640,480,{"id":424,"source_url":425,"license_code":426,"credit_html":427,"title":428,"description":429,"author":430,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},82582,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162163576","Public domain","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162163576\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite,byu.jpg","Thenardite. Collected by A. E. Foote, 1894, from Borax Lake, California.","Andrew Silver",700,352,{"id":434,"source_url":435,"license_code":436,"credit_html":437,"title":438,"description":439,"author":440,"original_width":441,"original_height":442},82583,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163478081","CC0 1.0","Darla Sondrol, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163478081\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite (GeoDIL number - 602).jpg","Thenardite, Na2SO4, is one of the many evaporite minerals found at Searles Lake (a mostly dry playa) in California, USA. It easily dissolves in water and so is quite rare. It crystallizes in arid regions as a salty precipitate as well as in dry caves and mines as an efflorescence and as a crusty deposit around fumaroles.","Darla Sondrol",2650,1818,{"id":444,"source_url":445,"license_code":426,"credit_html":446,"title":447,"description":448,"author":449,"original_width":421,"original_height":421},24038,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956261","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956261\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite Sodium sulfate near Sodaville Mineral County Nevada.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",{"id":451,"source_url":452,"license_code":387,"credit_html":453,"title":454,"description":455,"author":391,"original_width":456,"original_height":457},16348,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10134699","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10134699\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-Mirabilite-52302.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMirabilite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mirabilite\">Mirabilite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.8 x 3.8 x\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>q.0 cm. An AESTHETIC, pristine, lustrous and very lightweight, tan pseudomorph of thenardite after hoppered mirabilite crystals from the famous Boron area of California. Ex. Jim Minette Collection.  From Rock Currier: \"Those specimens showing the long prismatic mirabilite were collected by Jim Minette from the settling ponds out west of the big open pit mine. They take the mud slurry from the million gallon plus round dissolving tanks that are used at the refinery to dissolve the crude borax ore and run it into the settling ponds to settle out the fine mud\u002Fclay particles. Any water that is not evaporated naturally, they run back through the system. Sometimes the water in these ponds is saturated with sulfate and under the right temperature conditions, usually early in the morning, crystals of mirabilite grow rapidly in the ponds, and in the ones that Jim collated the mirabilite grew in prismatic crystals. Some of these had a little \"iron\" in them, so when the crystals dried out they were pink in color. Jim would put them on the bank of the pond and when they dried enough he would take them home and spray them with Krylon plastic to preserve them.\"\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",494,500,{"id":459,"source_url":460,"license_code":387,"credit_html":461,"title":462,"description":463,"author":391,"original_width":464,"original_height":392},16349,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139285","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139285\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-Mirabilite-118600.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMirabilite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mirabilite\">Mirabilite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.4 x 5.0 x 4.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a fine specimen of a California pseudomorph that is very rare and difficult to find in good specimens on the market now. What strikes you first about the specimen is that when you pick it up, it weighs almost nothing - almost like Styrofoam! Mirabilite, also known as \"Glauber’s salt\", is a hydrous sodium sulfate. Here, it has been replaced by thenardite, a mineral that forms from the evaporation of bodies of water (especially found in playa lakes). The super-sharp hoppered forms of the mirabilite have been perfectly preserved; they look like modern art.Ex. Jim Minette Collection.  From Rock Currier: \"Those specimens showing the long prismatic mirabilite were collected by Jim Minette from the settling ponds out west of the big open pit mine. They take the mud slurry from the million gallon plus round dissolving tanks that are used at the refinery to dissolve the crude borax ore and run it into the settling ponds to settle out the fine mud\u002Fclay particles. Any water that is not evaporated naturally, they run back through the system. Sometimes the water in these ponds is saturated with sulfate and under the right temperature conditions, usually early in the morning, crystals of mirabilite grow rapidly in the ponds, and in the ones that Jim collated the mirabilite grew in prismatic crystals. Some of these had a little \"iron\" in them, so when the crystals dried out they were pink in color. Jim would put them on the bank of the pond and when they dried enough he would take them home and spray them with Krylon plastic to preserve them.\"   This Photo was Mindat.org Photo of the Day - 7th Oct 2009\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",487,{"id":466,"source_url":467,"license_code":387,"credit_html":468,"title":469,"description":470,"author":391,"original_width":392,"original_height":471},16350,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139802","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139802\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-Mirabilite-119681.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMirabilite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mirabilite\">Mirabilite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.8 x 6.4 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a rareCalifornia specimen, a pseudomorph of thenardite after mirabilite (a hydrous sodium sulfate mineral). Mirabilite is found around saline springs and along saline playa lakes, with thenardite and other evaporites. Ex. Jim Minette Collection.  From Rock Currier: \"Those specimens showing the long prismatic mirabilite were collected by Jim Minette from the settling ponds out west of the big open pit mine. They take the mud slurry from the million gallon plus round dissolving tanks that are used at the refinery to dissolve the crude borax ore and run it into the settling ponds to settle out the fine mud\u002Fclay particles. Any water that is not evaporated naturally, they run back through the system. Sometimes the water in these ponds is saturated with sulfate and under the right temperature conditions, usually early in the morning, crystals of mirabilite grow rapidly in the ponds, and in the ones that Jim collated the mirabilite grew in prismatic crystals. Some of these had a little \"iron\" in them, so when the crystals dried out they were pink in color. Jim would put them on the bank of the pond and when they dried enough he would take them home and spray them with Krylon plastic to preserve them.\"\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",483,{"id":473,"source_url":474,"license_code":387,"credit_html":475,"title":476,"description":477,"author":391,"original_width":478,"original_height":392},16351,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147377","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147377\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-Mirabilite-159545.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMirabilite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mirabilite\">Mirabilite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.4 x 3.6 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An AESTHETIC, divergent, skyscraper-like spray of pristine, very light weight, tan thenardite pseudomorphing mirabilite crystals from the famous Boron area of California. The sharp crystals are beautifully hoppered. Choice material from this famous district. These are super pseudos with a unique geometry that looks surreal. Collected in the 1980s by Jim Minette, former Mine Manager at Boron.  From Rock Currier: \"Those specimens showing the long prismatic mirabilite were collected by Jim Minette from the settling ponds out west of the big open pit mine. They take the mud slurry from the million gallon plus round dissolving tanks that are used at the refinery to dissolve the crude borax ore and run it into the settling ponds to settle out the fine mud\u002Fclay particles. Any water that is not evaporated naturally, they run back through the system. Sometimes the water in these ponds is saturated with sulfate and under the right temperature conditions, usually early in the morning, crystals of mirabilite grow rapidly in the ponds, and in the ones that Jim collated the mirabilite grew in prismatic crystals. Some of these had a little \"iron\" in them, so when the crystals dried out they were pink in color. Jim would put them on the bank of the pond and when they dried enough he would take them home and spray them with Krylon plastic to preserve them.\"\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",325,{"id":480,"source_url":481,"license_code":387,"credit_html":482,"title":483,"description":484,"author":391,"original_width":485,"original_height":392},16352,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149787","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149787\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-Mirabilite-170586.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMirabilite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mirabilite\">Mirabilite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.0 x 5.2 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An aesthetic, jackstraw cluster of ultra lightweight, tan thenardite pseudomorphing mirabilite crystals from the famous Boron area of California. Some of the sharp crystals are lightly hoppered. Excellent material from this famous district. One crystal has a broken tip, which is still lightly attached. This remains highly representative material of this rare pseudo. These are super pseudomorphs with a unique geometry that looks surreal. Ex. Jim Minette Collection.  From Rock Currier: \"Those specimens showing the long prismatic mirabilite were collected by Jim Minette from the settling ponds out west of the big open pit mine. They take the mud slurry from the million gallon plus round dissolving tanks that are used at the refinery to dissolve the crude borax ore and run it into the settling ponds to settle out the fine mud\u002Fclay particles. Any water that is not evaporated naturally, they run back through the system. Sometimes the water in these ponds is saturated with sulfate and under the right temperature conditions, usually early in the morning, crystals of mirabilite grow rapidly in the ponds, and in the ones that Jim collated the mirabilite grew in prismatic crystals. Some of these had a little \"iron\" in them, so when the crystals dried out they were pink in color. Jim would put them on the bank of the pond and when they dried enough he would take them home and spray them with Krylon plastic to preserve them.\"\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",262,{"id":487,"source_url":488,"license_code":387,"credit_html":489,"title":490,"description":491,"author":391,"original_width":392,"original_height":492},16353,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155707","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155707\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-Mirabilite-193801.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMirabilite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mirabilite\">Mirabilite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.6 x 7.6 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine, divergent, skyscraper-like spray of pristine, very lightweight, tan thenardite pseudomorphing mirabilite crystals from the famous Boron area of California. The sharp crystals are beautifully hoppered and the long crystals look just like Art Deco skycrapers. Ex. Jim Minette, self-collected by him long ago.  From Rock Currier: \"Those specimens showing the long prismatic mirabilite were collected by Jim Minette from the settling ponds out west of the big open pit mine. They take the mud slurry from the million gallon plus round dissolving tanks that are used at the refinery to dissolve the crude borax ore and run it into the settling ponds to settle out the fine mud\u002Fclay particles. Any water that is not evaporated naturally, they run back through the system. Sometimes the water in these ponds is saturated with sulfate and under the right temperature conditions, usually early in the morning, crystals of mirabilite grow rapidly in the ponds, and in the ones that Jim collated the mirabilite grew in prismatic crystals. Some of these had a little \"iron\" in them, so when the crystals dried out they were pink in color. Jim would put them on the bank of the pond and when they dried enough he would take them home and spray them with Krylon plastic to preserve them.\"\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",413,{"id":494,"source_url":495,"license_code":387,"credit_html":496,"title":497,"description":498,"author":391,"original_width":431,"original_height":499},16354,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160694","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160694\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thenardite-Mirabilite-210778.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThenardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thenardite\">Thenardite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMirabilite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mirabilite\">Mirabilite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.9 x 5.4 x 4.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An aesthetic, divergent, skyscraper-like spray of very lightweight, tan thenardite pseudomorphing mirabilite crystals from the Boron area of California. The sharp crystals are beautifully hoppered and the long crystals look just like Art Deco skyscrapers. Ex. Jim Minette Collection.  From Rock Currier: \"Those specimens showing the long prismatic mirabilite were collected by Jim Minette from the settling ponds out west of the big open pit mine. They take the mud slurry from the million gallon plus round dissolving tanks that are used at the refinery to dissolve the crude borax ore and run it into the settling ponds to settle out the fine mud\u002Fclay particles. Any water that is not evaporated naturally, they run back through the system. Sometimes the water in these ponds is saturated with sulfate and under the right temperature conditions, usually early in the morning, crystals of mirabilite grow rapidly in the ponds, and in the ones that Jim collated the mirabilite grew in prismatic crystals. Some of these had a little \"iron\" in them, so when the crystals dried out they were pink in color. Jim would put them on the bank of the pond and when they dried enough he would take them home and spray them with Krylon plastic to preserve them.\"\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",694,[501,507],{"id":502,"url":503,"label":504,"formula":505,"spacegroup":506,"year":315},13563,"\u002Fcif\u002F13563.cif","Hawthorne 1975","Na2 S O4","F d d d",{"id":508,"url":509,"label":510,"formula":511,"spacegroup":506,"year":295},13564,"\u002Fcif\u002F13564.cif","Zachariasen 1932","S Na2 O4",[513,514],"Anhydrisches Natronsulfat","Pyrotechnite",[516,520,524,528,532,536,539,543,546,550,554,558,562,566,569,572,575,579,582,585,589,593,596,600,603,607,610,613,616],{"lang":517,"names":518},"ar",[519],"تينارديت",{"lang":521,"names":522},"ca",[523],"thenardita",{"lang":525,"names":526},"de",[527],"Thénardit",{"lang":529,"names":530},"es",[531],"Thenardita",{"lang":533,"names":534},"et",[535],"tenardiit",{"lang":537,"names":538},"eu",[523],{"lang":540,"names":541},"fi",[542],"thenardiitti",{"lang":544,"names":545},"fr",[514,7],{"lang":547,"names":548},"hy",[549],"Տենարդիտ",{"lang":551,"names":552},"it",[553],"thénardite",{"lang":555,"names":556},"ka",[557],"ტენარდიტი",{"lang":559,"names":560},"kk",[561],"Тенардит",{"lang":563,"names":564},"kk-arab",[565],"تەناردىيت",{"lang":567,"names":568},"kk-cn",[565],{"lang":570,"names":571},"kk-cyrl",[561],{"lang":573,"names":574},"kk-kz",[561],{"lang":576,"names":577},"kk-latn",[578],"Tenardït",{"lang":580,"names":581},"kk-tr",[578],{"lang":583,"names":584},"ky",[561],{"lang":586,"names":587},"nb",[588],"thenarditt",{"lang":590,"names":591},"nl",[592],"Thenardiet",{"lang":594,"names":595},"nn",[588],{"lang":597,"names":598},"pl",[599],"Tenardyt",{"lang":601,"names":602},"ru",[561],{"lang":604,"names":605},"sl",[606],"Tenardit",{"lang":608,"names":609},"tr",[363],{"lang":611,"names":612},"uk",[561],{"lang":614,"names":615},"uz",[606],{"lang":617,"names":618},"zh",[619],"無水芒硝","Q419238",{"history":11,"applications":11}]