[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:4011":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":16,"ima_formula":17,"elements":18,"sigelements":24,"key_elements":11,"impurities":25,"cim":26,"ima_status":27,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":30,"strunz10ed1":31,"strunz10ed2":32,"strunz10ed3":33,"strunz10ed4":34,"dana8ed1":35,"dana8ed2":36,"dana8ed3":37,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":38,"cclass":39,"spacegroup":40,"spacegroupset":41,"a":42,"b":43,"c":44,"alpha":45,"beta":46,"gamma":45,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":47,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":48,"tranglide":11,"parting":49,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":50,"tlform":11,"hmin":39,"hmax":51,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":45,"vhnmax":45,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":52,"dmeas2":53,"dcalc":54,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":55,"lustretype":56,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":57,"streak":58,"colour":59,"commentcolor":11,"colors":60,"streak_colors":68,"luminescence":69,"uv":11,"cleavage":70,"cleavagetype":71,"fracturetype":72,"tenacity":73,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":74,"opticalsign":75,"opticalalpha":76,"opticalalpha2":77,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":78,"opticalbeta2":79,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":80,"opticalgamma2":81,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":45,"opticalomega2":45,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":45,"opticalepsilon2":45,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":45,"opticaln2":45,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":82,"optical2vcalc2":83,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":84,"optical2vmeasured2":85,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":86,"rimax":87,"opticaldispersion":88,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":89,"otheroccurrence":90,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":91,"aboutname":92,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":93,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":94,"group_members":105,"associates":112,"confused_with":179,"type_localities":180,"occurrence_total":187,"citations":188,"images":309,"structures":445,"synonyms":474,"language_names":498,"wikidata_qid":672,"texts":673},4011,"1:1:4011:8","e0174f16-d1ab-47fa-a1aa-3cf18d0f75ee","Tremolite","Tr",0,"mineral",null,36873,12823,false,"◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","The tremolite-actinolite series are defined as calcium amphiboles with A(Na+K+ 2Ca)\u003C0.5 apfu and with C(Al+Fe3++2Ti)\u003C0.5 apfu. The W position may contain (OH), F or Cl. \r\n\r\nTremolite is defined with \r\nC\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup> position: Mg>4.5 apfu\r\nW position: (OH) dominant.\r\n\r\nTremolite is one of the few amphiboles that has not been redefined or renamed in any of the amphibole nomenclature reports.","◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg\u003Csub>5.0-4.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>0.0-0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",[19,20,21,22,23],"Ca","Mg","Si","O","H",[19,20,21,22,23],"Ti,Mn,Al,Cr,Na,K,F,Cl,H2O","14.6.13",[28,29],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1789","9","D","E","10","66","1","3a","Monoclinic",5,11,"C2\u002Fm ","9.84","18.02","5.27","0","104.95",2,"Simple or multiple: common parallel to {100}, rarely parallel to {001}","on {010} {100}","Elongated, stout prismatic, bladed, fibrous, granular, columnar crystals and aggregates.",6,"2.99","3.03","2.964","Vitreous","Vitreous,Silky","Transparent,Translucent","White","White, brown, colourless, grey, light green, green, light yellow, pink-violet",[61,62,63,64,65,66,67],"white","gray","brown","green","colorless","pink","yellow",[61],"Nonfluorescent","on {110}","Perfect","Splintery","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.599","1.612","1.613","1.626","1.625","1.637","82","84","88","80",1.599,1.637,"r \u003C v weak","Dolomite marble","A common rock-forming mineral in contact metamorphosed Ca+\u002F-Mg siliceous carbonate sediments, regional greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic rocks and dolomitic rocks, many skarns and veins, and some metamorphic ore deposits. See Deer et al., 1997.","Tremolite forms a continuous series with the other minerals in the actinolite-tremolite series. It also forms a continuous series with edenite and richterite. At elevated PT conditions (upper amphibolite - granulite facies), the actinolite-tremolite se...","Named in 1789 by Johann Georg Albrecht Höpfner for the Tremola Valley (Val Tremola), Central St Gotthard Massif, Tessin, Switzerland, where the type material supposedly came from, according to the dealer from whom he had acquired the specimens. However, modern investigations of what is considered the type material, conserved in Geneva, revealed that the true type locality is Campolungo, 14 km further south. (Unlike Campolungo, Val Tremola lies north of the isograd delineating the first appearance of tremolite). This mineral was earlier (1782) called Säulenspath and Sternspath by Johann Ehrenreich von Fichtel for material from\u003Cl id='7228'> Sebeşu de Jos\u003C\u002Fl>, Transylvania, Romania (for a full account of the early history of tremolite, see Roth, 2006, https:\u002F\u002Fmineralogicalrecord.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002Fpdfs\u002FTREMOLITE-Edited.pdf.","2025-12-05 14:39:19",[95,100],{"id":96,"name":97,"entrytype":47,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":98,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":99},9905,"Chrome-Tremolite","☐{Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>}{Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>}(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",30870,{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":47,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":103,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":104},11106,"Hexagonite","◻{Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>}{(Mg,Mn)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>}(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",59092,[106],{"id":107,"name":108,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":109,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":111,"primary_image_id":11},31324,"Fluoro-tremolite","◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>F\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>)F\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.044",[113,123,131,140,149,157,163,172],{"id":114,"name":115,"entrytype":9,"csystem":116,"ima_formula":117,"mindat_formula":118,"hmin":119,"hmax":119,"dmeas":120,"dcalc":121,"primary_image_id":122},859,"Calcite","Trigonal","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",3,"2.7102","2.711",4401,{"id":124,"name":125,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":126,"mindat_formula":127,"hmin":39,"hmax":51,"dmeas":128,"dcalc":129,"primary_image_id":130},1170,"Cummingtonite","◻Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","◻Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.1","3.3",51346,{"id":132,"name":133,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":134,"mindat_formula":134,"hmin":135,"hmax":136,"dmeas":137,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},1294,"Diopside","CaMgSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",5.5,6.5,"3.22","3.278",29614,{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":116,"ima_formula":143,"mindat_formula":143,"hmin":144,"hmax":145,"dmeas":146,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":148},1304,"Dolomite","CaMg(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",3.5,4,"2.84","2.876",5744,{"id":150,"name":151,"entrytype":9,"csystem":116,"ima_formula":152,"mindat_formula":152,"hmin":153,"hmax":153,"dmeas":154,"dcalc":155,"primary_image_id":156},43562,"Fluor-uvite","CaMg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F",7.5,"2.97","3.08",9081,{"id":158,"name":159,"entrytype":9,"csystem":116,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":161,"hmin":153,"hmax":153,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":162,"primary_image_id":11},42725,"Oxy-chromium-dravite","NaCr\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaCr\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O ","3.299",{"id":164,"name":165,"entrytype":9,"csystem":166,"ima_formula":167,"mindat_formula":167,"hmin":168,"hmax":39,"dmeas":169,"dcalc":170,"primary_image_id":171},3560,"Scheelite","Tetragonal","Ca(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",4.5,"6.1","6.09",21729,{"id":173,"name":174,"entrytype":9,"csystem":166,"ima_formula":175,"mindat_formula":176,"hmin":168,"hmax":168,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":177,"primary_image_id":178},3920,"Tetra-auricupride","CuAu","AuCu","14.67",2331,[],[181],{"id":182,"txt":183,"latitude":184,"longitude":185,"country":186},105911,"Campolungo, Piumogna Valley, Leventina, Ticino, Switzerland",46.4594444,8.7191667,"Switzerland",2782,[189,192,196,200,205,210,215,219,223,227,231,235,239,243,247,251,256,260,264,268,272,277,281,286,290,294,299,304],{"id":190,"year":11,"html":191,"doi":11},18668450,"Walitzi, E. M., Ettinger, K. (1986): Verfeinerung der Kristallstruktur eines Tremolites vom Ochsenkogel (Gleinalpe\u002FSteiermark), Österreich. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh., 1986: 360-366.",{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":11},16126140,1782,"Fichtel, J.E.v. (1782) Geschichte und Beschreibung einer in Siebenbürgen neu entdeckten Steinart, welche man Säulenspath und Sternspath nennen könnte. Schriften der Berlinischen Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde 3, 442-455. [as Säulenspath and Sternspath]",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":11},16126141,1789,"Höpfner, J.G.A. (1789) I. Ueber die Klassifikation der Fossilien in einem Schreiben des Herausgebers an Herrn Dr. Karsten in Halle. II. Versuch einer neuen Classifikationsmethode der Stein- und Erdarten, nach den neuesten chemischen Erfahrungen. Magazin für die Naturkunde Helvetiens: 4: 255-332.",{"id":201,"year":202,"html":203,"doi":204},924950,1959,"SHIDO, Fumiko (1959) Notes on Rock-Forming Minerals (8) Chemical, Optical and X-Ray Data on a Tremolite and Three Actinolites. \u003Ci>The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan\u003C\u002Fi>,  65 (768) 563-565 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5575\u002Fgeosoc.65.563'>doi:10.5575\u002Fgeosoc.65.563\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5575\u002Fgeosoc.65.563",{"id":206,"year":207,"html":208,"doi":209},4081233,1960,"STEMPLE, IRENE S., BRINDLEY, G. W. (1960) A Structural Study of Talc and Talc-Tremolite Relations. \u003Ci>Journal of the American Ceramic Society\u003C\u002Fi>, 43 (1). 34-42 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.1960.tb09149.x'>doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.1960.tb09149.x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.1960.tb09149.x",{"id":211,"year":212,"html":213,"doi":214},73100,1967,"Metz, Paul (1967) Die obere Stabilitätsgrenze von Tremolit bei der Metamorphose von kieseligen Karbonaten. \u003Ci>Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (3). 272-280 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01185346'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01185346\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01185346",{"id":216,"year":217,"html":218,"doi":11},524924,1968,"Ross, Malcolm, Smith, William L., Ashton, William H. (1968) Triclinic talc and associated amphiboles from Gouverneur mining district, New York. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (5-6) 751-769 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM53\u002FAM53_751.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":220,"year":221,"html":222,"doi":11},525513,1970,"Wilkins, R. W. T. (1970) Iron-magnesium distribution in the tremolite-actinolite series. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  55 (11-12) 1993-1998 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM55\u002FAM55_1993.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":224,"year":225,"html":226,"doi":11},16126144,1976,"Hawthorne, F.C., Grundy, H.D. (1976) The crystal chemistry of the amphiboles. IV. X-ray and neutron refinements of the crystal structure of tremolite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 14: 334-345.",{"id":228,"year":229,"html":230,"doi":11},16126145,1996,"Hawthorne, F.C., Della Ventura, G., Robert, J.-L. (1996) Short-range order of (Na,K) and Al in tremolite: An infrared study. American Mineralogist: 81: 782-784.",{"id":232,"year":233,"html":234,"doi":11},12992483,1997,"Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., Zussman, J. (1997) \u003Ci>Rock-Forming Minerals\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.) Vol. 2B - Double-Chain Silicates. The Geological Society, London.",{"id":236,"year":237,"html":238,"doi":11},12909050,1998,"Mandarino, Joseph A. (1998) The Second List of Additions and Corrections to the Glossary of Mineral Species (1995) - The Amphibole Group. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 29 (3) 169-174",{"id":240,"year":237,"html":241,"doi":242},393774,"Evans, Bernard W., Yang, Hexiong (1998) Fe-Mg order-disorder in tremolite-actinolite-ferro-actinolite at ambient and high temperature. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  83 (5) 458-475 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1998-5-606'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1998-5-606\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol83\u002FAM83_458.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1998-5-606",{"id":244,"year":237,"html":245,"doi":246},152559,"Gottschalk, M., Najorka, J., Andrut, M. (1998) Structural and compositional characterization of synthetic (Ca,Sr)-tremolite and (Ca,Sr)-diopside solid solutions. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (6) 415-428 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs002690050131'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs002690050131\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs002690050131",{"id":248,"year":237,"html":249,"doi":250},393798,"Chernosky, Joseph V., Berman, Robert G., Jenkins, David M. (1998) The stability of tremolite: new experimental data and a thermodynamic assessment. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  83 (7). 726-739 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1998-7-805'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1998-7-805\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol83\u002FAM83_726.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1998-7-805",{"id":252,"year":253,"html":254,"doi":255},127854,2000,"Melzer, Stefan, Gottschalk, Matthias, Andrut, Michael, Heinrich, Wilhelm (2000) Crystal chemistry of K-richterite-richterite-tremolite solid solutions: a SEM, EMP, XRD, HRTEM and IR study. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  12 (2) 273-291 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F12\u002F2\u002F0273'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F12\u002F2\u002F0273\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F12\u002F2\u002F0273",{"id":257,"year":253,"html":258,"doi":259},152724,"Andrut, M., Gottschalk, M., Melzer, S., Najorka, J. (2000) Lattice vibrational modes in synthetic tremolite-Sr-tremolite and tremolite-richterite solid solutions. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  27 (5) 301-309 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs002690050259'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs002690050259\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs002690050259",{"id":261,"year":253,"html":262,"doi":263},394282,"Verkouteren, Jennifer R., Wylie, Ann G. (2000) The tremolite-actinolite-ferro–actinolite series: Systematic relationships among cell parameters, composition, optical properties, and habit, and evidence of discontinuities. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  85 (9) 1239-1254 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-917'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-917\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol85\u002FAM85_1239.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-917",{"id":265,"year":253,"html":266,"doi":267},394140,"Hawthorne, Frank C., Welch, Mark D., Ventura, Giancarlo Della, Liu, Shuangxi, Robert, Jean-Louis, Jenkins, David M. (2000) Short-range order in synthetic aluminous tremolites: An infrared and triple-quantum MAS NMR study. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  85 (11) 1716-1724 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2000-11-1215'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2000-11-1215\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol85\u002FAM85_1716.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2000-11-1215",{"id":269,"year":270,"html":271,"doi":11},16967782,2001,"(2001) Tremolite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Ftremolite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":273,"year":274,"html":275,"doi":276},394620,2002,"Ishida, Kiyotaka, Hawthorne, Frank C., Ando, Yumi (2002) Fine structure of infrared OH-stretching bands in natural and heat-treated amphiboles of the tremolite-ferro-actinolite series. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  87 (7) 891-898 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2002-0712'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2002-0712\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2002-0712",{"id":278,"year":274,"html":279,"doi":280},394642,"Verkouteren, Jennifer R., Wylie, Ann G. (2002) Anomalous optical properties of fibrous tremolite, actinolite, and ferro-actinolite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  87 (8) 1090-1095 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2002-8-905'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2002-8-905\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2002-8-905",{"id":282,"year":283,"html":284,"doi":285},152971,2003,"Najorka, J., Gottschalk, M. (2003) Crystal chemistry of tremolite-tschermakite solid solutions. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  30 (2) 108-124 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-002-0291-1'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-002-0291-1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-002-0291-1",{"id":287,"year":288,"html":289,"doi":11},15996775,2006,"Roth, P. (2006) The early history of tremolite. Axis: 2(3): 1-10. (http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minrec.org\u002Fpdfs\u002FTREMOLITE%20Edited.pdf)",{"id":291,"year":288,"html":292,"doi":293},64226,"Hawthorne, F. C., Oberti, R. (2006) On the classification of amphiboles. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (1) 1-21 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.1.1'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.1.1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.1.1",{"id":295,"year":296,"html":297,"doi":298},7736171,2019,"Bersani, Danilo, Andò, Sergio, Scrocco, Laura, Gentile, Paolo, Salvioli-Mariani, Emma, Fornasini, Laura, Lottici, Pier Paolo (2019) Composition of Amphiboles in the Tremolite–Ferro–Actinolite Series by Raman Spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (8). 491 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin9080491'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin9080491\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F9\u002F8\u002F491\u002Fpdf?version=1566297787' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin9080491",{"id":300,"year":301,"html":302,"doi":303},14044586,2020,"Militello, Gaia M., Sanguineti, Elisa, Gonzàlez, Adrián Yus, Gaggero, Laura (2020) Asbestos amphiboles: effects of comminution on tremolite and actinolite regulated and unregulated fibres. \u003Ci>Episodes\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (3). 909-918 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.18814\u002Fepiiugs\u002F2020\u002F0200s09'>doi:10.18814\u002Fepiiugs\u002F2020\u002F0200s09\u003C\u002Fa>","10.18814\u002Fepiiugs\u002F2020\u002F0200s09",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":308},15818164,2023,"Ott, Jason N., Kalkan, Bora, Kunz, Martin, Berlanga, Genesis, Yuvali, Ali F., Williams, Quentin (2023) Structural behavior of \u003Ci>C\u003C\u002Fi>2\u002F\u003Ci>m\u003C\u002Fi> tremolite to 40 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist: Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials\u003C\u002Fi>, 108 (5) 903-914 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8278'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8278\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8278",[310,320,327,335,345,354,364,374,383,390,399,404,412,418,426,435],{"id":311,"source_url":312,"license_code":313,"credit_html":314,"title":315,"description":316,"author":317,"original_width":318,"original_height":319},24473,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8725525","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8725525\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trémolite-Barège.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTremolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tremolite\"> Tremolite\u003C\u002Fa> \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Aure Valley, Hautes-Pyrénées, Midi-Pyrénées, France\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : 8.2 x 6.7cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",3352,2659,{"id":321,"source_url":322,"license_code":323,"credit_html":324,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":325,"original_height":326},30869,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114827","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114827\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":328,"source_url":329,"license_code":313,"credit_html":330,"title":331,"description":332,"author":317,"original_width":333,"original_height":334},24474,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8792013","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8792013\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite Campolungo.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTremolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tremolite\">Tremolite\u003C\u002Fa> \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality :  Campolungo, Piumogna Valley, Leventina, Ticino (Tessin), Switzerland -TOPOTYPE\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : 14x6.4cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",4438,2746,{"id":336,"source_url":337,"license_code":338,"credit_html":339,"title":340,"description":341,"author":342,"original_width":343,"original_height":344},24475,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140515","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140515\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite-121232.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTremolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tremolite\">Tremolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mt Ibity (Mt Bity), Ibity massif, Ibity Commune, Antsirabé 2 District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVakinankaratra\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vakinankaratra\">Vakinankaratra Region\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAntananarivo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Antananarivo Province\">Antananarivo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Madagascar (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2267.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.2 x 1.2 x 0.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A terminated gem crystal of tremolite from Madagascar - rather rough on the surface but absolutely gemmy, with fine bottle-green color, through the interior.  [Originally uploaded as diopside. An identical crystal has been analyzed by RRUFF (RRUFF Id. Tremolite X050169) by Raman spectroscope and was found to be a tremolite]\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",474,600,{"id":346,"source_url":347,"license_code":338,"credit_html":348,"title":349,"description":350,"author":351,"original_width":352,"original_height":353},24476,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15191672","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15191672\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite-363511.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTremolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tremolite\">Tremolite\u003C\u002Fa> (Specimen size 11 x 9 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Campolungo, Piumogna Valley, Leventina, Ticino (Tessin), Switzerland (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-105911.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",846,741,{"id":355,"source_url":356,"license_code":357,"credit_html":358,"title":359,"description":360,"author":361,"original_width":362,"original_height":363},24477,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15191815","CC BY 3.0","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15191815\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite-254888.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTremolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tremolite\">Tremolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Merelani Hills (Mererani), Lelatema Mountains, Arusha Region, Tanzania\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A rough 2.3 by 1.4 cms crystal. JSS specimen and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",640,480,{"id":365,"source_url":366,"license_code":367,"credit_html":368,"title":369,"description":370,"author":371,"original_width":372,"original_height":373},24478,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=158391122","CC0 1.0","Jstuby, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=158391122\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite surrounding chert nodule.jpg","Tremolite surrounding chert nodule, Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah.  Rock hammer for scale. Taken July 16, 1997, during Penn State's Geology Field Camp.","Jstuby",3930,2560,{"id":375,"source_url":376,"license_code":367,"credit_html":377,"title":378,"description":379,"author":380,"original_width":381,"original_height":382},24479,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188204652","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188204652\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite 01.jpg","Tremolite - mm scale","Slashme",5683,3106,{"id":384,"source_url":385,"license_code":367,"credit_html":386,"title":387,"description":7,"author":380,"original_width":388,"original_height":389},24480,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188204659","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188204659\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite 02.jpg",6110,2836,{"id":391,"source_url":392,"license_code":367,"credit_html":393,"title":394,"description":395,"author":396,"original_width":397,"original_height":398},59108,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163485002","Shannon Heinle, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163485002\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite (GeoDIL number - 1701).jpg","Tremolite is a type of asbestos and a member of the amphibole group. It has the chemical formula of Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2. Tremolite is an important temperature indicator for petrologists because at high temps, it will covert to diopside. This sample is about 9 cm.","Shannon Heinle",2950,1561,{"id":99,"source_url":400,"license_code":313,"credit_html":401,"title":402,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":325,"original_height":403},"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F136653","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F136653\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana","Chrome-tremolite",722,{"id":405,"source_url":406,"license_code":338,"credit_html":407,"title":408,"description":409,"author":342,"original_width":410,"original_height":411},7582,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50696365","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50696365\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Eastonite, Tremolite-612246.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEastonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Eastonite\">Eastonite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTremolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tremolite\">Tremolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Dimensions: 9.8 cm x 9.4 cm x 5.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Sherrer Quarry (C.K. Williams & Co. Quarry; Williams Quarry), C.K. Williams Quarry complex (Williams and Company Rock Quarry), Chestnut Hill (College Hill; Lafayette Hill; Mount Lafayette; Paxinosa Ridge), Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Eastonite is a rare Mica Group species and this showy and rich combination piece is from the Type Locality. Massive, sparkly tan eastonite micro plates are nicely complemented by the veins of fibrous, white tremolite on both sides of the piece. Probably older material, but no proof as the quarry closed in the 1940s. \"Note that most, if not all, 'eastonite' from this locality is in fact a mixture of phlogopite and serpentine. There are no modern analysis confirming the presence of eastonite in Easton. See Livi and Veblen (1987) ‘Eastonite’ from Easton, Pennsylvania: A mixture of phlogopite and a new form of serpentine, American Mineralogist, 72, 113-125\". (MINDAT). Seldom available.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",465,459,{"id":413,"source_url":414,"license_code":338,"credit_html":415,"title":416,"description":409,"author":342,"original_width":410,"original_height":417},7583,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50696366","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50696366\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Eastonite, Tremolite-612247.jpg",427,{"id":419,"source_url":420,"license_code":313,"credit_html":421,"title":422,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":425,"original_height":425},58457,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130006448","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130006448\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hedenbergite. La Calamita, Elba, Italy-9087.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHedenbergite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hedenbergite\">Hedenbergite\u003C\u002Fa> (Weight: 109.9 g) – Place of discovery: La Calamita, Elba, Italy","Raimond Spekking",4402,{"id":427,"source_url":428,"license_code":338,"credit_html":429,"title":430,"description":431,"author":432,"original_width":433,"original_height":434},60630,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6716129","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6716129\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ilvait (Lievrit) mit Pyrit - Calamita, Elba.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIlvaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ilvaite\">Ilvaite\u003C\u002Fa> (Lievrite) with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPyrite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pyrite\">Pyrite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Calamita, Elba - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",2300,2150,{"id":436,"source_url":437,"license_code":438,"credit_html":439,"title":440,"description":441,"author":442,"original_width":443,"original_height":444},70929,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15202147","Public domain","Modris Baum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15202147\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tremolite, Phlogopite-166598.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTremolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tremolite\">Tremolite\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPhlogopite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Phlogopite\">Phlogopite\u003C\u002Fa> (Size: 3.5 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Franklin Quarry (Moses Bigelow Quarry; Farber Quarry), Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> The width of the xl is 3.5 cm. Found ca 1995. This is a complete xl. It fluoresces fairly bright white with a slight blueish tinge. Much larger xls have been found in this quarry. The phlogopite is just some brown cleavages on the lhs. Some of the tremolite from this quarry fluoresceses intense blue white. The quarry is also noted for very brightly fluorescent norbergite\u002Fchondrodite and fine \"uvite\" (tourmaline group).\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Modris Baum",632,720,[446,453,458,463,469],{"id":447,"url":448,"label":449,"formula":450,"spacegroup":451,"year":452},13808,"\u002Fcif\u002F13808.cif","Ballirano 2008","(Ca1.94 K.01 Na.05) Al.01 Fe.12 Mg4.85 Mn.02 Si8 O23.96 F.03 Cl.01 H1.96","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",2008,{"id":454,"url":455,"label":456,"formula":457,"spacegroup":451,"year":452},13809,"\u002Fcif\u002F13809.cif","Antao 2008","Na.38 Ca1.8 K.12 Mg4.94 Fe.06 Si7.8 Al.2 O23.34 F.66",{"id":459,"url":460,"label":461,"formula":462,"spacegroup":451,"year":288},13810,"\u002Fcif\u002F13810.cif","Hawthorne 2006","Na1.18 Mg4.7 Fe.25 Mn.02 Al.03 Ca1.63 Si8 O23.42 F.58 H3.42",{"id":464,"url":465,"label":466,"formula":467,"spacegroup":451,"year":468},13811,"\u002Fcif\u002F13811.cif","Oberti 2005","Na.31 K.1 Mg4.75 Fe.18 Mn.01 Ti.01 Zn.01 Al.144 Ca1.85 Si7.928 B.008 O23.67 F.33 H1.67",2005,{"id":470,"url":471,"label":472,"formula":473,"spacegroup":451,"year":253},13812,"\u002Fcif\u002F13812.cif","Merli 2000","Si8 Mg5 Ca2 H2 O24",[475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497],"Abcasit","Abchasit","Abhazit","Abhazita","Abhazite","Abkhazit","Abkhazita","Abkhazite","Calamit","Calamita","Calamite","Grammatite","Kalamit","Peponit","Peponita","Peponite","Raphilite","Säulenspath","Sebesit","Sebesita","Sebesite","Sternspath","Tremolith",[499,503,507,511,515,518,522,526,530,534,543,546,550,556,562,566,570,574,577,580,583,587,590,594,597,600,604,608,611,614,618,621,624,627,630,633,637,640,644,647,650,654,657,660,663,666,669],{"lang":500,"names":501},"az",[502],"Tremolit",{"lang":504,"names":505},"ca",[506],"tremolita",{"lang":508,"names":509},"cs",[510],"tremolit",{"lang":512,"names":513},"de",[514,502],"Grammatit",{"lang":516,"names":517},"es",[506],{"lang":519,"names":520},"et",[521],"tremoliit",{"lang":523,"names":524},"eu",[525],"Tremolita",{"lang":527,"names":528},"fa",[529],"ترمولیت",{"lang":531,"names":532},"fi",[533],"tremoliitti",{"lang":535,"names":536},"fr",[486,537,538,539,491,495,540,541,542],"Hoepfnerite","Nordenskiöldite","Péponite","Semi-néphrite","Trémolite","Zéolithe en colonne",{"lang":544,"names":545},"gl",[525],{"lang":547,"names":548},"he",[549],"טרמוליט",{"lang":551,"names":552},"it",[553,554,555],"säulenspath","sternspath","tremolite",{"lang":557,"names":558},"ja",[559,560,561],"トレモライト","透角閃石","透閃石",{"lang":563,"names":564},"ka",[565],"ტრემოლიტი",{"lang":567,"names":568},"kk",[569],"Тремолит",{"lang":571,"names":572},"kk-arab",[573],"ترەمولىيت",{"lang":575,"names":576},"kk-cn",[573],{"lang":578,"names":579},"kk-cyrl",[569],{"lang":581,"names":582},"kk-kz",[569],{"lang":584,"names":585},"kk-latn",[586],"Tremolït",{"lang":588,"names":589},"kk-tr",[586],{"lang":591,"names":592},"ko",[593],"투섬석",{"lang":595,"names":596},"mk",[569],{"lang":598,"names":599},"ms",[502],{"lang":601,"names":602},"nb",[603],"tremolitt",{"lang":605,"names":606},"nl",[607],"tremoliet",{"lang":609,"names":610},"nn",[603],{"lang":612,"names":613},"pl",[510],{"lang":615,"names":616},"ps",[617],"ترموليت",{"lang":619,"names":620},"pt",[525,555],{"lang":622,"names":623},"ru",[569],{"lang":625,"names":626},"sk",[502],{"lang":628,"names":629},"sl",[502],{"lang":631,"names":632},"sms",[603],{"lang":634,"names":635},"sr",[636],"тремолит",{"lang":638,"names":639},"sv",[510],{"lang":641,"names":642},"uk",[643],"Тремоліт",{"lang":645,"names":646},"uz",[502],{"lang":648,"names":649},"vi",[510],{"lang":651,"names":652},"zh",[561,653],"透闪石",{"lang":655,"names":656},"zh-cn",[653],{"lang":658,"names":659},"zh-hans",[653],{"lang":661,"names":662},"zh-hant",[561],{"lang":664,"names":665},"zh-hk",[561],{"lang":667,"names":668},"zh-sg",[653],{"lang":670,"names":671},"zh-tw",[561],"Q423051",{"history":674,"applications":678},{"markdown":675,"model_version":676,"prompt_version":677,"reviewed_at":11},"The name tremolite points at a place its founding specimens never came from. But the human story of the mineral begins thousands of years before anyone gave it that name — not with its clear crystals, but with its tangled, fibrous form.\n\nWhen countless tiny tremolite and actinolite fibres interlock, they make nephrite, one of the two stones the world calls jade[1]. Nephrite is extraordinarily tough, and that toughness made it the working stone of several ancient cultures. In Neolithic China it was carved into ceremonial and everyday objects, from small ornaments to whole burial suits, by the Liangzhu and Hongshan cultures[1]. In New Zealand the Māori worked the same stone — they call it *pounamu* — into weapons, ornaments, and tools[1]. Among them were the short club known as the *mere*, the neck pendant called the *hei-tiki*, and adzes for cutting[1]. Carved nephrite was also the main good traded along the prehistoric Maritime Jade Road across Southeast Asia, with production peaking between about 2000 BCE and 500 CE[1].\n\nA formal mineral name came only at the close of the 18th century, and even then it arrived twice. In 1782 Johann Ehrenreich von Fichtel called material from Sebeşu de Jos, in Transylvania, *Säulenspath* and *Sternspath* — the column-spar and star-spar[2].\n\nIt was the second name that lasted. In 1789 the Swiss naturalist Johann Georg Albrecht Höpfner christened the mineral after Val Tremola, the Tremola valley in the central St Gotthard massif of Ticino, southern Switzerland[3]. He chose that valley because the dealer who sold him the specimens said it was where they were found[3]. The dealer was wrong. Modern study of the surviving type material, now kept in Geneva, places the true source at Campolungo, about 14 kilometres further south[3]. The name stuck anyway, fixed to a valley that, unlike Campolungo, lies on the wrong side of the geological line where tremolite first appears[3].","claude-opus-4-8","1.0.0",{"markdown":679,"model_version":676,"prompt_version":677,"reviewed_at":11},"Tremolite is not a mineral the world mines for its own sake. Its place in modern life is split between one prized ornamental form and a serious health hazard.\n\nThe ornamental form is nephrite, one of the two stones sold as jade and built from densely interlocked tremolite and actinolite fibres[1]. Its toughness lets carvers cut fine, durable detail, and it remains a working material for jade jewellery and carved objects today.\n\nThe hazard comes from tremolite's fibrous form, which is one of the six recognised types of asbestos[2]. Breathing in asbestiform tremolite can cause asbestosis — scarring of the lungs — along with lung cancer and mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining around the lungs[2]. Most exposure is not deliberate. Fibrous tremolite turns up as a contaminant in vermiculite, in talc, and in chrysotile, itself another form of asbestos[2].\n\nThe clearest illustration is Libby, Montana. A vermiculite mine there laced the town with tremolite fibres[3]. By the time W.R. Grace bought the mine in 1963, it produced 80% of the world's vermiculite[3]. Close to a tenth of the population later died of asbestos-related disease[3]. The cleanup became the first public-health emergency the United States Environmental Protection Agency ever declared[3]. Some tremolite asbestos is also still mined on purpose: about 40,200 tons a year in India[2]."]