[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:4031":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":19,"strunz10ed3":28,"strunz10ed4":29,"dana8ed1":30,"dana8ed2":31,"dana8ed3":32,"dana8ed4":31,"csystem":33,"cclass":34,"spacegroup":11,"spacegroupset":35,"a":36,"b":37,"c":38,"alpha":35,"beta":39,"gamma":35,"aerror":40,"berror":41,"cerror":42,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":43,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":44,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":45,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":46,"tlform":11,"hmin":47,"hmax":41,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":35,"vhnmax":35,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":48,"dmeas2":48,"dcalc":49,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":50,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":51,"streak":52,"colour":53,"commentcolor":11,"colors":54,"streak_colors":58,"luminescence":11,"uv":59,"cleavage":60,"cleavagetype":61,"fracturetype":62,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":63,"opticalsign":64,"opticalalpha":65,"opticalalpha2":66,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":67,"opticalbeta2":68,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":69,"opticalgamma2":70,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":35,"opticalomega2":35,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":35,"opticalepsilon2":35,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":35,"opticaln2":35,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":71,"optical2vcalc2":35,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":72,"optical2vmeasured2":35,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":73,"rimax":74,"opticaldispersion":75,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":76,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":77,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":78,"type_specimen_store":79,"description_short":80,"aboutname":81,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":82,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":83,"group_members":84,"associates":85,"confused_with":172,"type_localities":173,"occurrence_total":174,"citations":175,"images":273,"structures":391,"synonyms":398,"language_names":407,"wikidata_qid":486,"texts":487},4031,"1:1:4031:6","1b86653c-d04d-4f7c-8722-bec5735f752c","Trona","Tn",0,"mineral",null,1607,false,"Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>H(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(HCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20],"Na","O","C","H",[17,18,19,20],"11.1.6",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1773","5","B","15","13","1","4","Monoclinic",5,"0","20.4218","3.4913","10.3326","106.452",9,3,6,4,2,"Space Group: I2\u002Fa.","Crystals elongated [010], also flattened {001}. {h0l} faces striated parallel to [010]. Fibrous or massive columnar common.",2.5,"2.11","2.124","Vitreous","Translucent","White","Colourless, gray-white, light yellow; colourless in transmitted light.",[55,56,57],"colorless","white","yellow",[56],"May fluoresce under SW UV.","On {100} perfect; on \u003Cmi>{_211}\u003C\u002Fmi> and {001} in traces.","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven,Sub-Conchoidal","Biaxial","-","1.412","1.417","1.492","1.494","1.540","1.543","74","76",1.412,1.543,"relatively strong","X = b; Z ∧ c = 83°. ","Soluble in water. Effervesces in acids.\r\n\r\nIt can exhibit a fiber-optic image transmission effect (Baur et al. 1957).","Saline lakes and their evaporites; efflorecences on soils in arid regions.","No designated type material.","A non-marine evaporite mineral. Trona is the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States.\r\n\r\nChemically similar to wegscheiderite; compare thermonatrite and 'UM1974-04-CO:HNa'.","Trona is a Swedish term, deriving ultimately from the Arabic \"natrum\", native salt.","2025-08-11 12:14:24",[],[],[86,94,101,108,116,124,133,141,150,156,165],{"id":87,"name":88,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":89,"mindat_formula":90,"hmin":44,"hmax":47,"dmeas":91,"dcalc":92,"primary_image_id":93},722,"Borax","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.715","1.7",3632,{"id":95,"name":96,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":97,"mindat_formula":98,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":99,"dcalc":99,"primary_image_id":100},1662,"Gaylussite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.991",9700,{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":104,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":47,"hmax":41,"dmeas":105,"dcalc":106,"primary_image_id":107},1706,"Glauberite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.75","2.78",56675,{"id":109,"name":110,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":111,"mindat_formula":112,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":113,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":115},1784,"Gypsum","Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.312","2.308",10652,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":119,"ima_formula":120,"mindat_formula":120,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":123},1804,"Halite","Isometric","NaCl","2.168","2.165",29829,{"id":125,"name":126,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":127,"mindat_formula":128,"hmin":129,"hmax":47,"dmeas":130,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},2725,"Mirabilite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"1.464","1.467",30201,{"id":134,"name":135,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":136,"mindat_formula":137,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":138,"dcalc":139,"primary_image_id":140},2831,"Nahcolite","NaH(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","NaHCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.21","2.16",16985,{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":144,"mindat_formula":145,"hmin":146,"hmax":129,"dmeas":147,"dcalc":148,"primary_image_id":149},2858,"Natron","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1,"1.478","1.458",30328,{"id":151,"name":152,"entrytype":9,"csystem":119,"ima_formula":153,"mindat_formula":153,"hmin":154,"hmax":43,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":35,"primary_image_id":155},2935,"Northupite","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl",3.5,17887,{"id":157,"name":158,"entrytype":9,"csystem":159,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":161,"hmin":47,"hmax":41,"dmeas":162,"dcalc":163,"primary_image_id":164},3935,"Thénardite","Orthorhombic","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.664","2.674",30823,{"id":166,"name":167,"entrytype":9,"csystem":159,"ima_formula":168,"mindat_formula":169,"hmin":146,"hmax":129,"dmeas":170,"dcalc":171,"primary_image_id":11},3938,"Thermonatrite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.255","2.259",[],[],134,[176,180,184,188,192,195,200,204,207,211,215,219,224,228,232,236,241,245,248,252,256,261,265,269],{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":11},16126352,1747,"Wallerius, J.G. (1747) Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket. Stockholm: 174 (as Alkali orientale impurum terrestre).",{"id":181,"year":182,"html":183,"doi":11},16126353,1773,"Bagge, C. (1773) Om trona, eller ett slags natron, som finnes i Konungariket Tripoli i Barbariet. Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar, 34, 140-143.",{"id":185,"year":186,"html":187,"doi":11},18289126,1802,"Klaproth, M. H. (1802) LXXVIII. Untersuchung des straligen Natrum. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 3. Rottmann. p.83-88.",{"id":189,"year":190,"html":191,"doi":11},16126355,1826,"de Rivero, M., Boussingault, J.-B. (1826) Mémoire sur l'urao (carbonate de soude). Annales des mines, 12, 278-279. (as Urao)",{"id":193,"year":190,"html":194,"doi":11},16126356,"Haidinger, (1826) Sur le carbonate de soufre natif. Annales des mines, 12, 279-281.",{"id":196,"year":197,"html":198,"doi":199},101711,1888,"Zepharovich, V. v. (1888) Ueber Trona, Idrialin und Hydrozinkit. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Krystallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (1-6). 135-144 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1888.13.1.135'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1888.13.1.135\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1888.13.1.135",{"id":201,"year":202,"html":203,"doi":11},16126358,1889,"Chatard, T.M. (1889) On urao. American Journal of Science, 38, 59-64. (as urao)",{"id":205,"year":202,"html":206,"doi":11},16126359,"Ayres, E.F. (1889) Notes on the crystallization of urao (trona). American Journal of Science, 38, 65-66.",{"id":208,"year":209,"html":210,"doi":11},16126360,1890,"Chatard, T.M. (1890) Natural soda, its occurrence and utilization. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 60, 27-101.",{"id":212,"year":213,"html":214,"doi":11},16126361,1911,"Doelter, C. (1911) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts), 1, 186.",{"id":216,"year":217,"html":218,"doi":11},16126362,1916,"Hintze, C. (1916) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1(3A): 2759, 2770.",{"id":220,"year":221,"html":222,"doi":223},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":225,"year":226,"html":227,"doi":11},519052,1922,"Walther, P. (1922) Sodium carbonate minerals of the Mogadi Lakes, British East Africa. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (5) 86-88 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM7\u002FAM7_86.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":229,"year":230,"html":231,"doi":11},4468631,1923,"(1923) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 9 - Text - Band IX - Trechmannit-Zoisit und Nachträge. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":11},16126366,1931,"Piazza (1931) Periodico de Mineralogia-Roma, 2, 17.",{"id":237,"year":238,"html":239,"doi":240},653692,1934,"Larsen, E.S.; Berman, H. (1934) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin of the US Geological Survey\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 848. US Geological Survey p.1-266. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb848'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb848\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0848\u002Freport.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb848",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},524455,1951,"Murdoch, Joseph (1951) Notes on California Minerals: nuevite=samarskite; trona and hanksite; gaylussite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (3-4) 358-361 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM36\u002FAM36_358.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":246,"year":243,"html":247,"doi":11},1118652,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":249,"year":250,"html":251,"doi":11},522971,1957,"Baur, G. S., Larsen, W. N., Sand, L. B. (1957) Image projection by fibrous minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  42 (9-10) 697-699 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM42\u002FAM42_697.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":253,"year":254,"html":255,"doi":11},523173,1959,"Pabst, A. (1959) On the hydrates of sodium carbonate, a correction, and the crystallography of trona. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (3-4) 274-281 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM44\u002FAM44_274.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":260},199357,1982,"Choi, C. S., Mighell, A. D. (1982) Neutron diffraction study of sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (11) 2874-2876 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0567740882010164'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0567740882010164\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0567740882010164",{"id":262,"year":263,"html":264,"doi":11},16126372,1996,"Jones, B., Renaut, R.W. (1996) Skeletal crystals of calcite and trona from hot-spring deposits in Kenya and New Zealand. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66(1), 265–274.",{"id":266,"year":267,"html":268,"doi":11},16967804,2005,"(2005) Trona. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Ftrona.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":270,"year":271,"html":272,"doi":11},16126373,2014,"O'Bannon, E., Beavers, C.M., Williams, Q. (2014) Trona at extreme conditions: a pollutant-sequestering material at high pressures and low temperatures. American Mineralogist, 99, 1973-1984.",[274,284,294,301,307,313,323,333,339,348,355,362,369,376,383],{"id":275,"source_url":276,"license_code":277,"credit_html":278,"title":279,"description":280,"author":281,"original_width":282,"original_height":283},83689,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3660556","Public domain","US gov, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3660556\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona(small).jpg","Image on trona, a naturally occurring mineral that is primarily hydrated sodium bicarbonate carbonate (Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>HCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O).\n\u003Cp>Image from: \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fresourcescommittee.house.gov\u002Fsubcommittees\u002Femr\u002Fusgsweb\u002Fmaterials\u002Fsodaash.html\">http:\u002F\u002Fresourcescommittee.house.gov\u002Fsubcommittees\u002Femr\u002Fusgsweb\u002Fmaterials\u002Fsodaash.html\u003C\u002Fa> \n\u003C\u002Fp>\nPhotographer unknown.","US gov",600,451,{"id":285,"source_url":286,"license_code":287,"credit_html":288,"title":289,"description":290,"author":291,"original_width":292,"original_height":293},24591,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20905842","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20905842\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona-417603.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trona\">Trona\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOwens_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Owens Lake\">Owens Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOwens_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Owens Valley\">Owens Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3519.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 14.4 x 10.8 x 7.8 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Trona is a rare carbonate found in saline lakes and their evaporites. This is a superb, large example of sugary, translucent, honey-brown crystals of large size. Such specimens from this locale are considered to be the finest examples of the species. From a small find. Ex. Karl Faddis Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",465,381,{"id":295,"source_url":296,"license_code":287,"credit_html":297,"title":298,"description":299,"author":291,"original_width":282,"original_height":300},83691,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152606","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152606\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona-179863.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trona\">Trona\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOwens_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Owens Lake\">Owens Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOwens_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Owens Valley\">Owens Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3519.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.8 x 8.6 x 5.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>From Owens dry lake in California, this cluster of trona, a hydrated sodium, hydrogen, carbonate, occurs in large, golden crystals to 4.5 cm in length. From a major find by John Seibel at a small mine out there, acknowledged to have produced best of species, in the late-90s. Ex. Martin Zinn Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",386,{"id":302,"source_url":303,"license_code":287,"credit_html":304,"title":305,"description":290,"author":291,"original_width":292,"original_height":306},83693,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20905840","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20905840\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona-417601.jpg",335,{"id":308,"source_url":309,"license_code":287,"credit_html":310,"title":311,"description":290,"author":291,"original_width":292,"original_height":312},83694,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20905841","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20905841\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona-417602.jpg",376,{"id":314,"source_url":315,"license_code":316,"credit_html":317,"title":318,"description":319,"author":320,"original_width":321,"original_height":322},83703,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=36010502","CC BY-SA 4.0","E65vern, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=36010502\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona from Trona.jpg","Trona sample collected from Searles Lake  San Bernardino County, California, near the town of Trona.","E65vern",2592,1936,{"id":324,"source_url":325,"license_code":326,"credit_html":327,"title":328,"description":329,"author":330,"original_width":331,"original_height":332},83706,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84648431","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84648431\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona (Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Formation, Lower Eocene; Blacks Fork Mine, near Granger, Wyoming, USA) 2 (48998191587).jpg","\u003Cp>Trona from the Eocene of Wyoming, USA. (~10.7 centimeters across along the base)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Green River Formation of Utah-Colorado-Wyoming is a widespread, Eocene-aged lake deposit.  It is famous for having vast oil shale deposits and containing exquisitely-preserved fossils.  The Green River also contains the world's largest sodium carbonate evaporite deposit, in the form of thick trona beds.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Trona is a scarce hydrous sodium bicarbonate-carbonate mineral - Na3(HCO3)(CO3)·2H2O.  It is an evaporite mineral, formed by the evaporation of water and the precipitation of dissolved minerals.  Most evaporites form when restricted ocean basins dry out, leaving behind rock salt, rock anhydrite, and rock gypsum.  Trona is a nonmarine evaporite mineral.  This specimen is from a trona horizon formed when water in ancient Lake Gosiute evaporated.  The lake existed during the Early Eocene in southwestern Wyoming.  As climate cycled from non-arid to arid, the lake's water levels waxed and waned.  During times of significantly dry climate, the lake shrunk in size, became highly saline and highly alkaline, and dried out, resulting in alkaline evaporite deposits.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Green River trona beds have economic significance and are mined at several sites in Wyoming.  The trona is processed and made into \"soda ash\", which has multiple uses in society.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: thin trona bed (encountered in shaft sinking) above an actively mined trona horizon, Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Formation, Lower Eocene, ~49.9 to 51.5 Ma\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Texasgulf's Blacks Fork Trona Mine, northeast of the town of Granger, western Sweetwater County, southwestern Wyoming, USA (vicinity of 41° 40' 22.60\" North latitude, 109° 53' 55.10\" West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>See info. at:\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreen_River_Formation\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreen_River_Formation\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreen_River_Formation<\u002Fa>\nand\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSodium_carbonate\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSodium_carbonate\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSodium_carbonate<\u002Fa>\nand\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSodium_carbonate#Applications\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSodium_carbonate#Applications\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSodium_carbonate#Applications<\u002Fa>","James St. John",3740,1965,{"id":334,"source_url":335,"license_code":326,"credit_html":336,"title":337,"description":329,"author":330,"original_width":338,"original_height":243},83707,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84648435","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84648435\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona (Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Formation, Lower Eocene; Blacks Fork Mine, near Granger, Wyoming, USA) 3 (48997984266).jpg",3698,{"id":340,"source_url":341,"license_code":277,"credit_html":342,"title":343,"description":344,"author":345,"original_width":346,"original_height":347},83695,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906425","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906425\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona - USGS Mineral Specimens 1114.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trona\">Trona\u003C\u002Fa> (pen for scale)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Collected from Stauffer Mine, Green River, Wyoming. Mineral collection of Brigham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah. BYU index 9-9010\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Andrew Silver",1400,908,{"id":349,"source_url":350,"license_code":277,"credit_html":351,"title":352,"description":353,"author":345,"original_width":346,"original_height":354},83696,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906452","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906452\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona - USGS Mineral Specimens 1115.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trona\">Trona\u003C\u002Fa> (pen for scale)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Mineral collection of Brigham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah. BYU index 9-9016\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1010,{"id":356,"source_url":357,"license_code":277,"credit_html":358,"title":359,"description":360,"author":345,"original_width":346,"original_height":361},83697,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906511","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906511\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona - USGS Mineral Specimens 1116.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trona\">Trona\u003C\u002Fa> (pen for scale)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Mineral collection of Brigham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah.  BYU index 9-9017\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1050,{"id":363,"source_url":364,"license_code":277,"credit_html":365,"title":366,"description":367,"author":345,"original_width":346,"original_height":368},83698,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906515","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906515\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona - USGS Mineral Specimens 1117.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trona\">Trona\u003C\u002Fa> (pen for scale)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Collected by Jim King, August, 1978, from 20 miles west of Green River, Wyoming. Mineral collection of Brigham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah. BYU index 9-9018\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",712,{"id":370,"source_url":371,"license_code":277,"credit_html":372,"title":373,"description":374,"author":345,"original_width":346,"original_height":375},83699,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906535","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906535\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona - USGS Mineral Specimens 1118.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trona\">Trona\u003C\u002Fa> (pen for scale)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Mineral collection of Brigham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah. BYU index 9-9044\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1116,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":277,"credit_html":379,"title":380,"description":381,"author":345,"original_width":382,"original_height":346},83700,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906551","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20906551\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Trona - USGS Mineral Specimens 1119.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trona\">Trona\u003C\u002Fa> (pen for scale)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Mineral collection of Brigham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah. No BYU index\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1067,{"id":384,"source_url":385,"license_code":277,"credit_html":386,"title":387,"description":388,"author":389,"original_width":390,"original_height":390},1657,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955906","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955906\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aphthitalite w- halite trona Hydrous sodium potassium sulfate Searles lake California 2283.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",700,[392],{"id":393,"url":394,"label":395,"formula":396,"spacegroup":397,"year":258},13882,"\u002Fcif\u002F13882.cif","Choi 1982","Na3 C2 O8 H5","C 1 2\u002Fc 1",[399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406],"Ägyptisches Natrium","Alkali orientale impurum terrestre","Natrum von Tripole","Stralige Natrum","Tronit","Tronita","Tronite","Urao",[408,412,416,420,424,427,430,434,437,440,443,446,450,454,457,461,464,467,470,473,476,479,483],{"lang":409,"names":410},"ar",[411],"ترونا",{"lang":413,"names":414},"ba",[415],"Трона",{"lang":417,"names":418},"bn",[419],"ট্রোনা",{"lang":421,"names":422},"ca",[423],"trona",{"lang":425,"names":426},"cs",[7],{"lang":428,"names":429},"de",[7],{"lang":431,"names":432},"es",[433,7],"natrita",{"lang":435,"names":436},"eu",[7],{"lang":438,"names":439},"fa",[411],{"lang":441,"names":442},"fi",[7],{"lang":444,"names":445},"fr",[7],{"lang":447,"names":448},"ga",[449],"tróna",{"lang":451,"names":452},"he",[453],"טרונה",{"lang":455,"names":456},"it",[7],{"lang":458,"names":459},"ja",[460],"トロナ",{"lang":462,"names":463},"mk",[415],{"lang":465,"names":466},"oc",[7],{"lang":468,"names":469},"pl",[7],{"lang":471,"names":472},"pt",[423],{"lang":474,"names":475},"ru",[415],{"lang":477,"names":478},"sl",[7],{"lang":480,"names":481},"sr",[482],"трона",{"lang":484,"names":485},"uk",[415],"Q253023",{"history":11,"applications":11}]