[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:4050":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":11,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":26,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":28,"dana8ed3":28,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":34,"cclass":35,"spacegroup":36,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":39,"c":40,"alpha":37,"beta":41,"gamma":37,"aerror":42,"berror":43,"cerror":44,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":45,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":46,"tlform":47,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":37,"vhnmax":37,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":49,"dmeas2":49,"dcalc":50,"dmeaserror":43,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":51,"commentluster":52,"diapheny":53,"streak":54,"colour":55,"commentcolor":11,"colors":56,"streak_colors":60,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":61,"cleavagetype":62,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":63,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":64,"opticalsign":65,"opticalalpha":66,"opticalalpha2":37,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":67,"opticalbeta2":37,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":68,"opticalgamma2":37,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":37,"opticalomega2":37,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":37,"opticalepsilon2":37,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":37,"opticaln2":37,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":69,"optical2vcalc2":37,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":37,"optical2vmeasured2":37,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":70,"rimax":71,"opticaldispersion":72,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":73,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":74,"industrial":11,"occurrence":75,"otheroccurrence":76,"type_specimen_store":77,"description_short":11,"aboutname":78,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":79,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":80,"group_members":81,"associates":82,"confused_with":91,"type_localities":92,"occurrence_total":99,"citations":100,"images":133,"structures":169,"synonyms":185,"language_names":187,"wikidata_qid":211,"texts":212},4050,"1:1:4050:7","2a258ab6-cf35-4a10-930b-f1d116d001a1","Tunellite","Tnl",0,"mineral",null,1053,false,"SrB\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","SrB\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20],"Sr","B","O","H",[17,18,19,20],[18,17],"9.3.31",[25],"APPROVED",1961,"1961","6","F","C","05","26","2","Monoclinic",5,14,"0","14.415","8.213","9.951","114.05",3,1,2,4,"Crystals to 10 cm elongated on [001]. Flattened tabular with dominant {100}. Compact fine grained nodules.  Forms include {100}, {001}, {110}, {011}, and {111}.","White compact fine-grained nodules. Also as individual long prismatic crystals up to 1.5 cm in length and equant crystals up to 1 cm in diameter.",2.5,"2.40","2.391","Sub-Vitreous,Pearly","Pearly on cleavages","Transparent","White","Colourless, grayish white",[57,58,59],"colorless","white","gray",[58],"Perfect on {100}\r\nDistinct on {001}","Perfect","flexible","Biaxial","+","1.519","1.534","1.569","68",1.519,1.569,"r > v weak","Y = b; X ∧ a = 29°; Z ∧ c = –5°.","Soluble in cold dilute acid or strong alkaline solutions. Unaffected by glycerol or methanol. In H2SO4, a coating of SrSO4 inhibits further dissolution.\r\n\r\nHeated in a closed tube, tunellite exfoliates perpendicular to the cleavage, turns silvery white (resembling muscovite), then turns chalky white. The water driven off has a pH of 4.","A secondary mineral in a borate deposit.","Secondary mineral in borate deposits","National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 123928.","Named by R.C. Erd, V. Morgan, and J.R. Clark in 1961 in honor of George Gerard Tunell, Jr. (4 April 1900, Chicago, Illinois, USA - 4 July 1996, Montecito, California, USA), professor of geochemistry, University of California. President of the Mineralogical Society of America (1950) and Roebling Medal recipient in 1973. He made major advances in X-ray crystallography, physical chemistry, and thermodynamic analysis of minerals, especially metallic ores. The name is pronounced tŭn nĕl' īt.","2025-08-11 12:14:24",[],[],[83],{"id":84,"name":85,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":86,"mindat_formula":87,"hmin":44,"hmax":42,"dmeas":88,"dcalc":89,"primary_image_id":90},1967,"Hydroboracite","CaMg[B\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaMg[B\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.15","2.170",11805,[],[93],{"id":94,"txt":95,"latitude":96,"longitude":97,"country":98},3484,"Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA",35.044445,-117.6944427,"USA",9,[101,104,108,113,117,121,125,129],{"id":102,"year":26,"html":103,"doi":11},16126469,"Erd, R.C., Morgan, V., Clark, J.R. (1961) Tunellite, a new hydrous strontium borate from the Kramer Borate District, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper: 424-C: 294-297.",{"id":105,"year":106,"html":107,"doi":11},523691,1962,"Fleischer, Michael (1962) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  47 (3-4) 414-420 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM47\u002FAM47_414.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":109,"year":110,"html":111,"doi":112},2209411,1963,"Clark, J. R. (1963) Boron-Oxygen Polyanion in the Crystal Structure of Tunellite. \u003Ci>Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 141 (3586). 1178-1179 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1126\u002Fscience.141.3586.1178'>doi:10.1126\u002Fscience.141.3586.1178\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1126\u002Fscience.141.3586.1178",{"id":114,"year":115,"html":116,"doi":11},524160,1964,"Clark, Joan R. (1964) The crystal structure of tunellite, SrB\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (11-12) 1549-1568 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM49\u002FAM49_1549.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":118,"year":84,"html":119,"doi":120},6046,"IMA (1967) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (277) 131-136 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1967.036.277.20'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1967.036.277.20\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_36\u002F36-277-131.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1967.036.277.20",{"id":122,"year":123,"html":124,"doi":11},16942017,1994,"Burns, C. P., Hawthorne, F. C. (1994) Hydrogen bonding in tunellite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  32 (4) 895-902 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM32_895.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":126,"year":127,"html":128,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":130,"year":131,"html":132,"doi":11},16967837,2005,"(2005) Tunellite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Ftunellite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",[134,144,154,160],{"id":135,"source_url":136,"license_code":137,"credit_html":138,"title":139,"description":140,"author":141,"original_width":142,"original_height":143},24730,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453344","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453344\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tunellite-mrz202a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTunellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tunellite\">Tunellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5 x 4.3 x 2.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Tunellite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very nice cluster of well-formed crystals to 3 cm from this classic locality. Few were saved as they came out, and specimens of this quality are hard to obtain today. Note that this rare borate is stable.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",600,520,{"id":145,"source_url":146,"license_code":147,"credit_html":148,"title":149,"description":150,"author":151,"original_width":152,"original_height":153},24732,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118197766","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118197766\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tunellite (48603589702).jpg","\u003Cp>Boron\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nCalifornia, USA","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",6000,4000,{"id":155,"source_url":156,"license_code":147,"credit_html":157,"title":158,"description":159,"author":151,"original_width":152,"original_height":153},24733,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199629","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199629\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tunellite (48522706492).jpg","\u003Cp>Boron - Kern County\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nCalifornia, USA",{"id":161,"source_url":162,"license_code":137,"credit_html":163,"title":164,"description":165,"author":166,"original_width":167,"original_height":168},24731,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20548628","Chris857, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20548628\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tunellite - US Borax Mine, Boron, California.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTunellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Tunellite\">Tunellite\u003C\u002Fa> from the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FU.S._Borax_Boron_Min\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:U.S. Borax Boron Min\">US Borax Mine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Boron, California\">Boron, California\u003C\u002Fa>. Held in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FA._E._Seaman_Mineral_Museum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum\">A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum\u003C\u002Fa>.","Chris857",1474,1253,[170,176,181],{"id":171,"url":172,"label":173,"formula":174,"spacegroup":175,"year":123},13933,"\u002Fcif\u002F13933.cif","Burns 1994","Sr B6 H8 O14","P 1 21\u002Fa 1",{"id":177,"url":178,"label":179,"formula":180,"spacegroup":175,"year":115},13934,"\u002Fcif\u002F13934.cif","Clark 1964","Sr B6 O14 H8",{"id":182,"url":183,"label":184,"formula":180,"spacegroup":175,"year":110},13935,"\u002Fcif\u002F13935.cif","Clark 1963",[186],"Tunelliet",[188,193,197,201,204,207],{"lang":189,"names":190},"ca",[191,192],"tunel·lita","tunellita",{"lang":194,"names":195},"de",[196],"Tunellit",{"lang":198,"names":199},"eu",[200],"Tunellita",{"lang":202,"names":203},"fr",[7],{"lang":205,"names":206},"it",[7],{"lang":208,"names":209},"zh",[210],"图硼锶石","Q424842",{"history":11,"applications":11}]