[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:4085":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":23,"impurities":11,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":43,"beta":44,"gamma":45,"aerror":46,"berror":11,"cerror":47,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":38,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":48,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":49,"tlform":11,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":39,"vhnmax":39,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":51,"dcalc":51,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":52,"lustretype":53,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":54,"streak":11,"colour":55,"commentcolor":11,"colors":56,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":60,"cleavage":61,"cleavagetype":62,"fracturetype":63,"tenacity":64,"commentbreak":65,"opticaltype":66,"opticalsign":67,"opticalalpha":68,"opticalalpha2":69,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":70,"opticalbeta2":71,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":72,"opticalgamma2":73,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":74,"optical2vcalc2":39,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":75,"optical2vmeasured2":76,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":77,"rimax":78,"opticaldispersion":79,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":80,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":81,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":82,"industrial":11,"occurrence":83,"otheroccurrence":84,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":85,"aboutname":86,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":87,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":88,"group_members":89,"associates":90,"confused_with":109,"type_localities":110,"occurrence_total":115,"citations":116,"images":272,"structures":370,"synonyms":377,"language_names":406,"wikidata_qid":549,"texts":550},4085,"1:1:4085:9","2c0a0c62-cf09-4ac1-bb66-481c72291ff6","Ulexite","Ulx",0,"mineral",null,2395,false,"NaCa[B\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>]·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaCaB\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20,21],"Ca","Na","B","O","H",[17,18,19,20,21],[19],"9.3.21",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1850","6","E","A","25","26","5","11","1","Triclinic",2,"0","8.816","12.87","6.678","90.25","109.12","105.1",3,1,"Polysynthetic, common in massive aggregates and crushed fragments. Several twin laws apply: 1. Polysynthetic on {010} and {100}; 2. \u003Cmi>{34_0} or {23_0}\u003C\u002Fmi> less certain, and others of a more complex nature.  The twinning distinguishes ulexite from probertite.","Small nodular, rounded, or lens-like masses; loose at times (termed \"cotton balls\"), comprised of acicular crystals. Fibers may be radially arranged or randomly oriented towards the centers of the masses and arranged in parallel position at the periphery. Botryoidal crusts or randomly oriented fibers. Compact veins with a parallel fibrous structure. Distinct crystals rare, greatly elongated [001] (Palache et al (1951) Dana's System of Min.: 345).",2.5,"1.955","Silky, Vitreous","Vitreous,Silky","Transparent","Colourless, white, grey with included clays.",[57,58,59],"colorless","white","gray","Yellow, greenish yellow, cream, white.","Perfect on {010}; on \u003Cmi>{11_0}\u003C\u002Fmi> good; on {110} poor.","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven","brittle","Fracture uneven across fibers.","Biaxial","+","1.491","1.496","1.504","1.506","1.519","1.52","68","73","78",1.491,1.52,"none","X (11.5°,81°); Y (100°,21.5°); Z (107°,70°) [with c (0°,0°) and b* (0°,90°) using (φ,ρ)].","Bulganak volcano material [cm\u003Csup>-1\u003C\u002Fsup>]: 3600, 3520, 3420, 3305, 3220, 3125, 1667, 1631, 1470sh, 1413, 1395sh, 1355, 1319, 1211, 1190sh, 1099s, 1058s, 1001s, 980sh, 960sh, 921, 860s, 837, 747, 716, 643, 611, 538, 505sh, 471w, 445","Slightly decomposed in cold water and more so in hot water, with the loss of Na to the solution.","Playas in a desert region.","Arid regions. In salt playas and desiccated saline lakes.","A rare sodium-calcium borate.\r\n\r\nMost specimens of ulexite are fibrous in nature. Most of the time, the fibers are intergrown into felt-like aggregates. Most familiar to collectors is the kind of ulexite that is popularly called \"TV rock\" because of it...","Named after Georg Ludwig Ulex (8 October 1811, Neuhaus, Germany - 25 March 1883, Altona, German Empire), German chemist and politician, who first correctly analyzed the species.","2026-01-10 15:50:33",[],[],[91,100],{"id":92,"name":93,"entrytype":9,"csystem":94,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":38,"hmax":50,"dmeas":97,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":99},722,"Borax","Monoclinic","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.715","1.7",3632,{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":9,"csystem":94,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":105,"hmax":105,"dmeas":106,"dcalc":107,"primary_image_id":108},1936,"Howlite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiB\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"2.62","2.61",59639,[],[111],{"id":112,"txt":113,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":114},689,"Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile","Chile",127,[117,120,124,127,131,135,139,143,147,151,155,159,163,167,171,175,179,183,187,192,195,199,203,207,210,214,218,222,225,229,233,238,242,246,250,254,259,263,267],{"id":118,"year":11,"html":119,"doi":11},16652274,"Currier, Rock (n.d.) Best of.. Ulexite. \u003Ca target='_blank' rel='nofollow' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fa\u002Fbest_ulexite'>https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fa\u002Fbest_ulexite\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":121,"year":122,"html":123,"doi":11},16126676,1844,"Hayes, A.A. (1844) Borate of Lime. Borocalcius obliquus. American Journal of Science: 46: 377-377. (as Hydrous borate of lime).",{"id":125,"year":122,"html":126,"doi":11},16126677,"Hayes, A.A. (1844) Hydrous borate of lime. American Journal of Science: 47: 215-215.",{"id":128,"year":129,"html":130,"doi":11},16126678,1847,"Hausmann, J.F.L. (1847) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen. Second edition, vol. 2, in two parts: 1429 (as Hydroborocalcite)",{"id":132,"year":133,"html":134,"doi":11},16126679,1849,"Ulex, G.L. (1849) Ueber eine natürliche borsaure Verbindung. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie: 70(1): 49-52. (as Boronatro-calcite)",{"id":136,"year":137,"html":138,"doi":11},1118649,1850,"Dana, James D. (1850) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (3rd ed.) G. P. Putnam. p.711",{"id":140,"year":141,"html":142,"doi":11},16126681,1853,"Anderson, T. (1853) On the Natro-Boro-Calcite, or 'Tiza' of Iquique. Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow: 3: 293-296.",{"id":144,"year":145,"html":146,"doi":11},16126682,1856,"Rammelsberg, C. (1856) On the boronatrocalcite of South America. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 11(74): 486.",{"id":148,"year":149,"html":150,"doi":11},16177257,1857,"How, Henry (1857) On the occurrence of natro-boro-calcite with Glauber-salt in the gypsum of Nova Scotia. \u003Ci>Silliman's Journal\u003C\u002Fi>, 230-235",{"id":152,"year":153,"html":154,"doi":11},16126684,1859,"Kletzinsky (1859) Polyt. Centr.: 1384 (as Tinkalzit).",{"id":156,"year":157,"html":158,"doi":11},16043461,1861,"How, Henry (1861) On natro-boro-calcite and another borate occurring in the gypsum of Nova Scotia. \u003Ci>The American Journal of Science and Arts\u003C\u002Fi>,  S. 2 Vol. 32. 9-13",{"id":160,"year":161,"html":162,"doi":11},16126686,1874,"Des Cloizeaux, A. (1874) Manuel de minéralogie. 2 volumes and Atlas, Paris, volume 2, 1 Fasc., 208pp.: 10.",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":11},16126688,1877,"Reynolds (1877) On Franklandite, a New Mineral Borate. Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 3: 284 (as Franklandite).",{"id":168,"year":165,"html":169,"doi":170},5113,"How, Henry (1877) Contributions to the Mineralogy of Nova Scotia. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  1 (7). 257-260 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1877.001.7.11'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1877.001.7.11\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_1\u002F1-7-257.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1877.001.7.11",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":11},16126689,1900,"Buttgenbach (1900-1901) Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Annales, 28, Mem. 99.",{"id":176,"year":177,"html":178,"doi":11},16126690,1901,"de Schulten (1901) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 132: 1576.",{"id":180,"year":181,"html":182,"doi":11},16126691,1907,"van't Hoff (1907) Preuss. Ak. Wiss., Sitzber.: 303.",{"id":184,"year":185,"html":186,"doi":11},518689,1918,"Foshag, William Frederick (1918) Ulexite from Lang, California. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  3 (4) 35 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM3\u002FAM3_35.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":188,"year":189,"html":190,"doi":191},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":193,"year":189,"html":194,"doi":11},16126694,"Walker (1921) University of Toronto Stud., Geology series, no. 12: 54.",{"id":196,"year":197,"html":198,"doi":11},16126695,1924,"Mellor, J.W. (1924) A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. 16 volumes, London: 5: 94.",{"id":200,"year":201,"html":202,"doi":11},16126696,1933,"Hintze, Carl (1933) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1, [4A]: 156.",{"id":204,"year":205,"html":206,"doi":11},16126697,1937,"Boky (1937) Bulletin de l'Académie des sciences de l'Union des Républiques Soviétiques Socialistes, Cl. sc. mat. nat., Ser. chim.: 871.",{"id":208,"year":205,"html":209,"doi":11},16126698,"Godlevsky (1937) Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, Leningrad, Zapiski: 66(2): 315 (Min. Abs. (1938): 7: 122).",{"id":211,"year":212,"html":213,"doi":11},521077,1940,"Murdoch, Joseph (1940) Crystallography of ulexite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (11) 754-762 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM25\u002FAM25_754.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":215,"year":216,"html":217,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":219,"year":220,"html":221,"doi":11},522965,1957,"Baur, Gretta S., Sand, L. B. (1957) X-ray powder data for ulexite and halotrichite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  42 (9-10) 676-678 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM42\u002FAM42_676.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":223,"year":220,"html":224,"doi":11},522971,"Baur, G. S., Larsen, W. N., Sand, L. B. (1957) Image projection by fibrous minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  42 (9-10) 697-699 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM42\u002FAM42_697.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":226,"year":227,"html":228,"doi":11},523018,1958,"Allen, Robert D., Almond, Hy (1958) Nonfibrous ulexite from the Kramer District, California. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (1-2) 169-170 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM43\u002FAM43_169.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":11},523236,1959,"Clark, J. R., Christ, C. L. (1959) Studies of borate minerals (V): Reinvestigation of X-ray crystallography of ulexite and probertite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (7-8) 712-719 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM44\u002FAM44_712.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":237},2511670,1963,"Weichel-Moore, E. J., Potter, R. J. (1963) Fibre optical properties of ulexite. \u003Ci>Nature\u003C\u002Fi>,  200 (4912) 1163-1165 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002F2001163b0'>doi:10.1038\u002F2001163b0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1038\u002F2001163b0",{"id":239,"year":240,"html":241,"doi":11},16126705,1975,"Papezik, V. S., Fong, C. C. K. (1975) Howlite and ulexite from the Carboniferous gypsum and anhydrite beds in western Newfoundland. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (4) 370-376 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol14\u002FCM14_393.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":11},526994,1978,"Ghose, Subrata, Wan, Che'ng, Clark, Joan R. (1978) Ulexite, NaCaB5(OH)6·5H2O: structure refinement, polyanion configuration, hydrogen bonding, and fiber optics. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  63 (1-2) 160-171 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM63\u002FAM63_160.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":247,"year":248,"html":249,"doi":11},16856013,1981,"Roulston, B. V., Waugh, D. C. E. (1981) A borate mineral assemblage from Penobsquis and Salt Springs evaporite deposits of southern New Brunswick. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  19 (2) 291-301 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM19_291.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":251,"year":252,"html":253,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":255,"year":256,"html":257,"doi":258},12676397,2000,"Şener, Savaş, Özbayoǧlu, Gülhan, Demirci, Şahinde (2000) Changes in the structure of ulexite on heating. \u003Ci>Thermochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>, 362. 107-112 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0040-6031(00)00584-0'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs0040-6031(00)00584-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs0040-6031(00)00584-0",{"id":260,"year":261,"html":262,"doi":11},16771791,2003,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2003) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5 - Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":264,"year":265,"html":266,"doi":11},16967869,2005,"(2005) Ulexite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fulexite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":268,"year":269,"html":270,"doi":271},19433992,2026,"Yamaguchi, Kosuke; Okada, Satoru; Hasegawa, Hiroki; Kyono, Atsushi (2026) Crystal structure of dehydrated ulexite, NaCaB5O6(OH)6·3H2O. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  111 (1). 100-107 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2025-9820'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2025-9820\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2025-9820",[273,283,290,300,305,315,324,331,340,348,354,363],{"id":274,"source_url":275,"license_code":276,"credit_html":277,"title":278,"description":279,"author":280,"original_width":281,"original_height":282},24874,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127318","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127318\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ulexite-39574.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUlexite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ulexite\">Ulexite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a great example of the transparent and colorless mineral known as \"TV rock\" because it has optical properties like fiber-optic cable. It is transparent along the perfect vertical axis, while opaque along other axes. When polished, as this is, you can hold it over writing and witness this phenomenon. Is this a fine mineral specimen? No, not really. But it is really \"neat\" material and I wasn't sure those outside of California had been exposed to it. It does get sold widely to museums and rock shops, again labelled as \"tv rock\" or \"fiber-optic rock\". Fun for kids... 4.3 x 3.1 x 1.9 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",400,348,{"id":284,"source_url":285,"license_code":286,"credit_html":287,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":288,"original_height":289},30890,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116503","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116503\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":291,"source_url":292,"license_code":293,"credit_html":294,"title":295,"description":296,"author":297,"original_width":298,"original_height":299},24876,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=48562323","CC BY 3.0","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=48562323\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ulexite-237263.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUlexite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ulexite\">Ulexite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: U.S. Borax open pit (Boron pit), U.S. Borax Mine (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Dimensions: 85 mm x 65 mm x 65 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Ulexite. A knobby mass of intergrown fibrous micro crystals. Countless tons of this material have been mined at Boron, and placed on the borate dumps for long term storage. Few collectors ever collected this material and had the patience to clean the mud out of all the nooks and crannies of the specimens. Scale at bottom of image is an inch with a rule at one cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Rock Currier",1024,899,{"id":301,"source_url":302,"license_code":286,"credit_html":303,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":288,"original_height":304},30891,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119868","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119868\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",667,{"id":306,"source_url":307,"license_code":308,"credit_html":309,"title":310,"description":311,"author":312,"original_width":313,"original_height":314},24877,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744462","CC BY-SA 4.0","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744462\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 328 - Ulexite (États-Unis).jpg","Ulexite, en provenance des États-Unis, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",3408,2580,{"id":316,"source_url":317,"license_code":286,"credit_html":318,"title":319,"description":320,"author":321,"original_width":322,"original_height":323},24879,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182899693","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182899693\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ulexite Boron Minéraux SU.jpg","Ulexite from Boron, California, USA. Sorbonne University mineral collection.","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",7600,5067,{"id":325,"source_url":326,"license_code":286,"credit_html":327,"title":328,"description":320,"author":321,"original_width":329,"original_height":330},24880,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=183336127","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=183336127\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ulexite Boron Minéraux SU n02.jpg",7898,5179,{"id":332,"source_url":333,"license_code":293,"credit_html":334,"title":335,"description":336,"author":337,"original_width":338,"original_height":339},24875,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31697412","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31697412\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ulexite, Orpiment-233998.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUlexite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ulexite\">Ulexite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOrpiment\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Orpiment\">Orpiment\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: U.S. Borax open pit (Boron pit), U.S. Borax Mine (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A 4.2 by 4.2 cms nodule of white \"popcorn\" Ulexite partially covered by orange Orpiment. These nodules were found years ago near the surface when the mine was being opened. JSS specimen and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",640,480,{"id":341,"source_url":342,"license_code":276,"credit_html":343,"title":344,"description":345,"author":280,"original_width":346,"original_height":347},10979,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456645","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456645\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ulexite-pas-84a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUlexite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ulexite\">Ulexite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArequipa\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arequipa\">Arequipa\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArequipa_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arequipa Province\">Arequipa Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArequipa_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arequipa Region\">Arequipa Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Peru (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-145554.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 9 x 8.5 x 5.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Ulexite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Hayesine is a discredited species name now shown to be the same as the previously described species Ulexite. This is, however, a VERY fine, rich, and large example of ulexite from Peru! It is crystallized in globular clusters, and complete all around.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,793,{"id":349,"source_url":350,"license_code":276,"credit_html":351,"title":352,"description":345,"author":280,"original_width":281,"original_height":353},10980,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456647","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456647\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ulexite-pas-84b.jpg",387,{"id":355,"source_url":356,"license_code":357,"credit_html":358,"title":359,"description":360,"author":361,"original_width":362,"original_height":362},12208,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956112","Public domain","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956112\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Inderborite with ulexite Basic hydrous calcium magnesium borate Lake Inder, Russia 3022.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fru.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002F%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:Индерборит\">\u003Cb>Индерборит\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fa> — минерал класса боратов.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",900,{"id":364,"source_url":365,"license_code":293,"credit_html":366,"title":367,"description":368,"author":297,"original_width":298,"original_height":369},12217,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27516374","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27516374\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Inderite, Ulexite-237314.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inderite\">Inderite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUlexite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ulexite\">Ulexite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:US_Borax_Open_Pit\" title=\"Category:US Borax Open Pit\">US Borax Open Pit\u003C\u002Fa> — \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:US_Borax_Mine\" title=\"Category:US Borax Mine\">U.S. Borax Mine\u003C\u002Fa> (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, eastern \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Kern_County,_California\" title=\"Category:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa> (Mojave Desert), Southern California, U.S.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Inderite and Ulexite. R. Currier collection. When the Inderite crystals were found at Boron, they were white\u002Ftransparent. After a few years in the air of the Los Angeles basin, they turn white on their surface. The white mineral can be removed by soaking them in water for a few minutes.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The scale at the bottom of the image is an inch with a rule at one cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",560,[371],{"id":372,"url":373,"label":374,"formula":375,"spacegroup":376,"year":244},14013,"\u002Fcif\u002F14013.cif","Ghose 1978","Ca Na B5 O17 H16","P -1",[378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405],"Boronatro-calcite","Boronatrocalcit","Boronatrocalcita","boronitrocalcite","Cotton-ball Borax","Fernsehstein","Franklandit","Franklandita","Franklandite","Hayesine (of Forbes)","Hayesit","Hayesita","Hayesite","Natroborocalcit","Natroborocalcita","Natroborocalcite","Natronborocalcite","Natronkalk-borat","Raphit","Raphita","Raphite","Stiberit","Stiberita","Stiberite","Television Stone","Tinkalzit","Tiza","TV stone",[407,411,415,419,424,428,431,435,438,442,446,450,454,457,464,469,473,476,480,484,487,490,494,497,503,507,511,514,518,521,525,528,532,539,542,545],{"lang":408,"names":409},"ar",[410],"أوليكسيت",{"lang":412,"names":413},"ca",[414],"ulexita",{"lang":416,"names":417},"cs",[418],"Ulexit",{"lang":420,"names":421},"de",[383,422,423,418],"Televisionsstein","TV-Stein",{"lang":425,"names":426},"el",[427],"Ουλεξίτης",{"lang":429,"names":430},"es",[414],{"lang":432,"names":433},"et",[434],"uleksiit",{"lang":436,"names":437},"eu",[414],{"lang":439,"names":440},"fa",[441],"الکزیت",{"lang":443,"names":444},"fi",[445],"uleksiitti",{"lang":447,"names":448},"fr",[449],"Uléxite",{"lang":451,"names":452},"gl",[453],"Ulexita",{"lang":455,"names":456},"it",[7],{"lang":458,"names":459},"ja",[460,461,462,463],"ウレキサイト","ウレックス石","テレビ石","曹灰硼石",{"lang":465,"names":466},"kk",[467,468],"Боронатрокальцит","Улексит",{"lang":470,"names":471},"ko",[472],"조회붕석",{"lang":474,"names":475},"ky",[468],{"lang":477,"names":478},"nb",[479],"ulexitt",{"lang":481,"names":482},"nl",[483],"ulexiet",{"lang":485,"names":486},"nn",[479],{"lang":488,"names":489},"oc",[453],{"lang":491,"names":492},"pl",[493],"Uleksyt",{"lang":495,"names":496},"pt",[414,7],{"lang":498,"names":499},"ru",[500,501,502],"боронатрокальцит","телевизионный камень","улексит",{"lang":504,"names":505},"sat",[506],"ᱤᱭᱩᱞᱮᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ",{"lang":508,"names":509},"se",[510],"uleksihtta",{"lang":512,"names":513},"smn",[434],{"lang":515,"names":516},"sms",[517],"uleksitt",{"lang":519,"names":520},"sr",[502],{"lang":522,"names":523},"sv",[524],"ulexit",{"lang":526,"names":527},"uk",[468],{"lang":529,"names":530},"uz",[531],"Uleksit",{"lang":533,"names":534},"zh",[535,536,537,538],"冰硼钠石","硼钠解石","鈉硼解石","钠硼解石",{"lang":540,"names":541},"zh-cn",[535],{"lang":543,"names":544},"zh-hans",[535],{"lang":546,"names":547},"zh-hant",[548],"冰硼鈉石","Q409611",{"history":11,"applications":11}]