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H. (1797) LVII. Chemische Untersuchung des Uranerzes. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2. Rottmann. p.197-221.",{"id":263,"year":264,"html":265,"doi":11},16126779,1893,"Hillebrand (1893) USGS Bulletin 113: 37.",{"id":267,"year":268,"html":269,"doi":11},16126780,1923,"Goldschmidt, Thomassen (1923) Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Mat.-nat. Kl.: 2.",{"id":271,"year":272,"html":273,"doi":11},16126781,1927,"Aubel (1927) C.R.: 185: 586.",{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":11},16126782,1932,"Parsons (1932) Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser.: 32: 17.",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":11},16126783,1935,"Ellsworth (1935) American Journal of Science: 9: 127.",{"id":283,"year":284,"html":285,"doi":11},520763,1938,"Shaub, B. M. (1938) The occurrence, crystal habit and composition of the uraninite from the Ruggles Mine, near Grafton Center, New Hampshire. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  23 (5) 334-341 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM23\u002FAM23_334.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":287,"year":288,"html":289,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":291,"year":292,"html":293,"doi":294},1207390,1948,"Rundle, R. E., Baenziger, N. C., Wilson, A. S., McDonald, R. A. (1948) The Structures of the Carbides, Nitrides and Oxides of Uranium. \u003Ci>Journal Of The American Chemical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  70 (1). 99-105 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fja01181a029'>doi:10.1021\u002Fja01181a029\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fja01181a029",{"id":296,"year":297,"html":298,"doi":299},595495,1958,"Frondel, Clifford (1958) Systematic mineralogy of uranium and thorium. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 1064. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb1064'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb1064\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F1064\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb1064",{"id":301,"year":302,"html":303,"doi":11},16126788,1964,"Kenna, B.T., Kuroda, P.K. (1964) Technetium in nature. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry: 26(4): 493-499.",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":11},17561684,1970,"Sankaran, A. V., Bhattacharyya, T. K., Dar, K. K. (1970) Rare-Earths and Other Trace Elements in Uraninites. \u003Ci>Journal of the Geological Society of India\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (3). 205-216",{"id":309,"year":310,"html":311,"doi":11},12906830,1974,"Haji-Vassiliou, Andreas (1974) Uranium Mineralization-- Uraninite. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 5 (2) 79-86",{"id":313,"year":314,"html":315,"doi":11},526872,1977,"Snetsinger, K. G., Polkowski, George (1977) Rare accessory uraninite in a Sierran granite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  62 (5-6) 587-588 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM62\u002FAM62_587.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":317,"year":318,"html":319,"doi":320},4149725,1992,"Finch, Robert J., Ewing, Rodney C. (1992) The corrosion of uraninite under oxidizing conditions. \u003Ci>Journal of Nuclear Materials\u003C\u002Fi>, 190. 133-156 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0022-3115(92)90083-w'>doi:10.1016\u002F0022-3115(92)90083-w\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0022-3115(92)90083-w",{"id":322,"year":323,"html":324,"doi":11},16126792,1994,"Pearcy, E.C., Prikryl, J.D., Murphy, W.M., Leslie, B.W. (1994) Alteration of uraninite from the Nopal I deposit, Peña Blanca District, Chihuahua, Mexico, compared to degradation of spent nuclear fuel in the proposed U.S. high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Applied Geochemistry: 9: 713-732.",{"id":326,"year":327,"html":328,"doi":11},16126793,1997,"Greenwood, N.N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997) \u003Ci>Chemistry of the Elements\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann.",{"id":330,"year":331,"html":332,"doi":11},16126794,1999,"Abdelouas, A., Lutze, W., Nuttall, H.E. (1999) Oxidative dissolution of uraninite precipitated on Navajo sandstone. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology: 36: 353-375.",{"id":334,"year":335,"html":336,"doi":11},16126796,2005,"Fayek, M., Utsunomiya, S., Pfiffner, S.M., White, D.C., Riciputi, L.R., Ewing, R.C., Anovitz, L.M., Stadermann, F.J. (2005) The application of HRTEM techniques and nanosims to chemically and isotopically characterize Geobacter Sulfurreducens surfaces. The Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1631-1641. [bioprecipitation of uraninite].",{"id":338,"year":335,"html":339,"doi":11},16967894,"(2005) Uraninite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Furaninite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":341,"year":335,"html":342,"doi":343},64122,"Alexandre, P., Kyser, T. K. (2005) Effects of cationic substitutions and alteration in uraninite, and implications for the dating of uranium deposits. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (3). 1005-1017 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.3.1005'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.3.1005\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol43\u002FCM43_1005.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.3.1005",{"id":345,"year":346,"html":347,"doi":348},7717957,2013,"Ram, R., Charalambous, F.A., McMaster, S., Pownceby, M.I., Tardio, J., Bhargava, S.K. (2013) Chemical and micro-structural characterisation studies on natural uraninite and associated gangue minerals. \u003Ci>Minerals Engineering\u003C\u002Fi>, 45. 159-169 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.mineng.2013.02.004'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.mineng.2013.02.004\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.mineng.2013.02.004",{"id":350,"year":351,"html":352,"doi":11},16693484,2014,"Plášil, J. (2014) Oxidation-hydration weathering of uraninite: the current state-of-knowledge. \u003Ci>Journal of GEOsciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  59 (2) 99-114 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jgeosci.org\u002Fcontent\u002Fjgeosci.163_plasil.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":354,"year":355,"html":356,"doi":357},65274,2015,"Alexandre, Paul, Peterson, Ron, Joy, Brian (2015) Sector Zoning In Uraninite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (4) 693-703 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1500004'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1500004\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1500004",{"id":359,"year":355,"html":360,"doi":361},65277,"Alexandre, Paul, Kyser, Kurt, Layton-Matthews, Daniel, Joy, Brian, Uvarova, Yulia (2015) Chemical Compositions of Natural Uraninite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (4) 595-622 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1500017'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1500017\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1500017",[363,370,376,386,391,400,406,414,423,432,442,450,458,466,474,480,488,495,501,507,513,517,523,530,536,543,548,555,560,568,576,584,592,599,608,615,624,629,636,644,651,658,664,670,677,683,688,693,700,706],{"id":364,"source_url":365,"license_code":366,"credit_html":367,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":368,"original_height":369},30895,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116320","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116320\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":371,"source_url":372,"license_code":373,"credit_html":374,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":368,"original_height":375},30896,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65175","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65175\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",833,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":379,"credit_html":380,"title":381,"description":382,"author":383,"original_width":384,"original_height":385},27043,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39348317","Public domain","Chris Popham, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39348317\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite, var. Sooty Uraninite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>, variety Sooty Uraninite\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kingswood Mine, Buckfastleigh, Dartmoor & Teign Valley District, Devon, England, UK\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Collected in autumn 2003 from the spoil head at the entrance to the adit. This piece has no discernable crystal structure but gives a reading of 100 counts per second at a distance of 30cm. The field of view is 5.5cm. Chris Popham specimen and photo 2004.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Chris Popham",800,560,{"id":387,"source_url":388,"license_code":373,"credit_html":389,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":368,"original_height":390},30897,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F168325","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F168325\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",888,{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":373,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},27044,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246694","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246694\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite w7.jpg","botryoidal Uraninite from Pribram Mining District (Czech Rep.)","Weirdmeister",1280,853,{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":373,"credit_html":403,"title":404,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":405},27045,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246695","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246695\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite w10.jpg",960,{"id":407,"source_url":408,"license_code":373,"credit_html":409,"title":410,"description":411,"author":397,"original_width":412,"original_height":413},27048,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57767914","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57767914\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite vein.jpg","polished cut of uraninite vein from shaft #4, Pribram ,czech republic",2979,2079,{"id":415,"source_url":416,"license_code":373,"credit_html":417,"title":418,"description":419,"author":420,"original_width":421,"original_height":422},34424,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=121851061","Jarosław Grolik, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=121851061\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninit wtórne minerały.jpg","Uraninit z minerałami wtórnymi","Jarosław Grolik",4963,3375,{"id":424,"source_url":425,"license_code":426,"credit_html":427,"title":428,"description":429,"author":430,"original_width":384,"original_height":431},27042,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162837","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162837\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-225146.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Swamp #1 quarry, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTopsham\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Topsham\">Topsham\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSagadahoc_County,_Maine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sagadahoc County, Maine\">Sagadahoc County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maine\">Maine\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-192814.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.7 x 2.4 x 1.4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>These specimens found in the late 1950s represent the pinnacle of crystallized uraninite, to most collectors. This beautiful large thumbnail features a dominant 1.5-cm-across crystal perched atop smaller ones, on matrix. Ex. Ken Hollman Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",788,{"id":433,"source_url":434,"license_code":435,"credit_html":436,"title":437,"description":438,"author":439,"original_width":440,"original_height":441},27052,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83882584","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83882584\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite in pegmatite (Ingelsbo Pegmatite; Ingelsbo, Sweden) 2 (26297195003).jpg","\u003Cp>Uraninite in pegmatitic granite from Sweden. (Robert Lauf collection)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Dull black crystal = uraninite\nMottled brown material = potassium feldspar\nShiny, black-looking flakes = mica\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The oxide minerals all contain one or more oxide anions (O-2).  The oxide minerals include species that are hydroxy-oxides.  The hydroxide minerals (those with one or more OH-) are usually considered together with the oxides.  Many sulfide minerals are not stable in Earth-surface conditions.  In the presence of oxygen and moisture, sulfide minerals tend to tarnish or alter to oxides and hydroxy-oxides.  All except the most inert elements (such as the platinum-group elements and gold and noble gases) readily form oxides.  Gold oxide forms only under special conditions.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uraninite is a scarce uranium oxide mineral, UO2.  Uranium is a radioactive element and uraninite is a primary uranium mineral.  It forms under non-oxidizing conditions - in such environments, the uranium is in the form of U+4 ions.  In an oxidizing environment, such as the Earth's surface, uraninite alters to secondary uranium minerals having U+6 ions, which are usually incorporated into uranyl ions, (UO2)+2.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uraninite is black, moderately hard, and radioactive.  It occurs in some pegmatites, in some hydrothermal veins, and in some sedimentary rocks.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Swedish rock shown above is a sample of the Ingelsbo Pegmatite with potassium feldspar and mica.  The black cubic crystal is uraninite within a feldspar crystal.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Ingelsbo, southeastern Dalarna Province, Sweden\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of uraninite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4102\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4102\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4102<\u002Fa>","James St. John",1365,1400,{"id":443,"source_url":444,"license_code":435,"credit_html":445,"title":446,"description":447,"author":439,"original_width":448,"original_height":449},27053,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449279","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449279\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite (Cardiff Mine, Wilberforce, Ontario, Canada).jpg","Uraninite from Ontario, Canada. (Robert Lauf collection)\n\u003Cp>Large, black crystal near the lower right = uraninite\nGreenish crystal near the upper left = probably apatite\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The oxide minerals all contain one or more oxide anions (O-2).  The oxide minerals include species that are hydroxy-oxides.  The hydroxide minerals (those with one or more OH-) are usually considered together with the oxides.  Many sulfide minerals are not stable in Earth-surface conditions.  In the presence of oxygen and moisture, sulfide minerals tend to tarnish or alter to oxides and hydroxy-oxides.  All except the most inert elements (such as the platinum-group elements and gold and noble gases) readily form oxides.  Gold oxide forms only under special conditions.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uraninite is a scarce uranium oxide mineral, UO2.  Uranium is a radioactive element and uraninite is a primary uranium mineral.  It forms under non-oxidizing conditions - in such environments, the uranium is in the form of U+4 ions.  In an oxidizing environment, such as the Earth's surface, uraninite alters to secondary uranium minerals having U+6 ions, which are usually incorporated into uranyl ions, (UO2)+2.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uraninite is black, moderately hard, and radioactive.  It occurs in some pegmatites, in some hydrothermal veins, and in some sedimentary rocks.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Cardiff Mine, Wilberforce, southeastern Ontario, southeastern Canada\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of uraninite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4102",1163,2002,{"id":451,"source_url":452,"license_code":373,"credit_html":453,"title":454,"description":455,"author":397,"original_width":456,"original_height":457},27046,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246696","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246696\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite w11.JPG","botryoidal and metallic-like Uraninite from Pribram Mining District (Czech Rep.)",3264,2176,{"id":459,"source_url":460,"license_code":426,"credit_html":461,"title":462,"description":463,"author":464,"original_width":465,"original_height":465},27047,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=55174978","책읽는달팽, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=55174978\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-3cm.jpg","Uraninite (almost 3cm)","책읽는달팽",3024,{"id":467,"source_url":468,"license_code":426,"credit_html":469,"title":470,"description":471,"author":430,"original_width":472,"original_height":473},2219,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457469","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457469\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Astrocyanite-(Ce)-Kamotoite-(Y)-Uraninite-rad08-10c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAstrocyanite-(Ce)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Astrocyanite-(Ce)\">Astrocyanite-(Ce)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKamotoite-(Y)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kamotoite-(Y)\">Kamotoite-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kamoto East Open cut, Kamoto, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4311.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.8 x 4.7 x 3.8 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Kamotoite and Astrocyanite with Uranophane on Uraninite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>TYPE LOCALITY material of these VERY rare species! The kamotoite are the vibrant yellow crystalline sprays with individual flat-laying crystals to 6 or 7 mm, accented by microcrystalline uranophane around their periphery and by a small bit of subcrystalline Astrocyanite (blue). Aesthetic, rich specimen, of some significance. TYPE LOCALITY for both Kamotoite and Astrocyanite\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,392,{"id":475,"source_url":476,"license_code":426,"credit_html":477,"title":478,"description":471,"author":430,"original_width":472,"original_height":479},2220,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457470","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457470\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Astrocyanite-(Ce)-Kamotoite-(Y)-Uraninite-rad08-10b.jpg",360,{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":426,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":485,"author":430,"original_width":486,"original_height":487},2934,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127095","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127095\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Becquerelite-Uraninite-38634.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBecquerelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Becquerelite\">Becquerelite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rich and colorful specimen just LOADED with the extremely rare uranium species Becquerelite . Ex Bill Smith collection, and recently reconfirmed by Bill Pinch, to ensure accuracy. 6.2 x 5.3 x 4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",721,799,{"id":489,"source_url":490,"license_code":426,"credit_html":491,"title":492,"description":493,"author":430,"original_width":384,"original_height":494},2938,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159053","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159053\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fourmarierite-Becquerelite-Uraninite-201071.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFourmarierite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fourmarierite\">Fourmarierite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBecquerelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Becquerelite\">Becquerelite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5 x 5 x 4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rich example of Uraninite covered with red hexagonal Fourmarierite crystals. The crystals are associated with good sized and well formed Becquerelite crystals. Shinkolobwe is the type locality for both of Fourmarierite and Becquerelite. Ex. Carnegie Museum Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,{"id":496,"source_url":497,"license_code":426,"credit_html":498,"title":499,"description":500,"author":430,"original_width":384,"original_height":494},2939,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176603","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176603\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Becquerelite-Uranophane-Uraninite-201143.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBecquerelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Becquerelite\">Becquerelite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5 x 4.5 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Shinkolobwe is the type locality for Becquerelite where it forms lathe-like, yellow to orange, flat-terminated crystals. Here the mineral is associated with Uranophane in very tiny needles. Sometimes the crystals cluster together like shown in the photo, and they reach on this specimen 5 mm. This is a good reference piece for a locality that is closed since more than 50 years.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":502,"source_url":503,"license_code":426,"credit_html":504,"title":505,"description":500,"author":430,"original_width":506,"original_height":384},2940,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176605","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176605\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Becquerelite-Uranophane-Uraninite-201144.jpg",577,{"id":508,"source_url":509,"license_code":426,"credit_html":510,"title":511,"description":512,"author":430,"original_width":384,"original_height":494},6718,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161225","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161225\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schoepite-Curite-Uraninite-214948.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSchoepite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Schoepite\">Schoepite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCurite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Curite\">Curite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 14.0 x 10.0 x 7.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very large and colourful specimen from the Shinkolobwe mine. The yellow mineral used to be called Ianthinite but since the discovery in the 1950’s has turned into Epiianthinite; which is, in fact, now realized to be the same species as previously known Schoepite. It is a sort of pseudomorph because the crystal habit of the Ianthinite can still be seen (the change occurred after the specimen was recovered, post-mining). Associated is also a 10 mm large cluster of red Curite crystals nicely nestled in the yellow Epiianthinite. It is beautiful. A very heavy specimen due to the matrix consisting of pure Uraninite. Shinkolobwe is the type locality for the Schoepite and the Curite, a mine closed since decades. It used to be on display at the Carnegie Museum, just because of the gorgeous colour mix. This specimen was removed from the display in the early 1990's because it was considered \"too hot\" and sold to now-deceased dealer Gilbert Gauthier. Before it went to Carnegie, it came from the famous dealer Dr. F. Krantz, in Bonn. Type Locality for both species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":166,"source_url":514,"license_code":426,"credit_html":515,"title":516,"description":493,"author":430,"original_width":384,"original_height":494},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159050","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159050\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fourmarierite-Becquerelite-Uraninite-201068.jpg",{"id":518,"source_url":519,"license_code":426,"credit_html":520,"title":521,"description":493,"author":430,"original_width":472,"original_height":522},9327,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159051","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159051\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fourmarierite-Becquerelite-Uraninite-201069.jpg",300,{"id":524,"source_url":525,"license_code":426,"credit_html":526,"title":527,"description":528,"author":430,"original_width":529,"original_height":494},10604,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176146","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176146\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gummite-Uraninite-159319.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGummite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gummite\">Gummite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Pitchblende\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Pick's Delta Mine (Delta Mine; Pick's Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDelta\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Delta\">Delta\u003C\u002Fa>, San Rafael District (San Rafael Swell), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEmery_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Emery County, Utah\">Emery County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4377.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.0 x 5.1 x 3.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Gummite is a rare radioactive mineral, a mixture of uranium minerals, oxides, silicates, hydrates and hydrous oxides of uranium, derived from the alteration of uraninite. It is named for its gum-like consistency. Here you see a layer of yellow-orange gummite on a matrix of pitchblende. Hard to obtain! From the collection of noted California collector Charles Hansen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",453,{"id":531,"source_url":532,"license_code":426,"credit_html":533,"title":534,"description":535,"author":430,"original_width":384,"original_height":494},12077,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161226","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161226\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schoepite-Curite-Uraninite-214949.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSchoepite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Schoepite\">Schoepite\u003C\u002Fa> (\u003Ci>Epiianthinite\u003C\u002Fi>, yellow), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCurite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Curite\">Curite\u003C\u002Fa> (red), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa> (grey matrix)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 14.0 x 10.0 x 7.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very large and colourful specimen from the Shinkolobwe mine. The yellow mineral used to be called Ianthinite but since the discovery in the 1950’s has turned into Epiianthinite; which is, in fact, now realized to be the same species as previously known Schoepite. It is a sort of pseudomorph because the crystal habit of the Ianthinite can still be seen (the change occurred after the specimen was recovered, post-mining). Associated is also a 10 mm large cluster of red Curite crystals nicely nestled in the yellow Epiianthinite. It is beautiful. A very heavy specimen due to the matrix consisting of pure Uraninite. Shinkolobwe is the type locality for the Schoepite and the Curite, a mine closed since decades. It used to be on display at the Carnegie Museum, just because of the gorgeous colour mix. This specimen was removed from the display in the early 1990's because it was considered \"too hot\" and sold to now-deceased dealer Gilbert Gauthier. Before it went to Carnegie, it came from the famous dealer Dr. F. Krantz, in Bonn. Type Locality for both species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":537,"source_url":538,"license_code":426,"credit_html":539,"title":540,"description":541,"author":430,"original_width":542,"original_height":384},15577,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159090","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159090\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Masuyite-Uraninite-201157.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMasuyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Masuyite\">Masuyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.9 x 3.2 x 1.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Microcrystalline and acrystalline masuyite (TYPE LOCALITY) here occurs very richly, in unusual concentration in fact, coating sharp crystals of cubic uraninite (to about 1 cm). Overall a pretty specimen, and quite significant for the locality as well. From the prominent radioactive mineral collection of Alain Caubel, of France.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",564,{"id":544,"source_url":545,"license_code":426,"credit_html":546,"title":547,"description":541,"author":430,"original_width":522,"original_height":472},15578,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159092","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159092\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Masuyite-Uraninite-201158.jpg",{"id":549,"source_url":550,"license_code":426,"credit_html":551,"title":552,"description":553,"author":430,"original_width":554,"original_height":472},15579,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453833","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453833\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Masuyite-Uraninite-mun08rad-05b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMasuyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Masuyite\">Masuyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.9 x 3.2 x 1.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Masuyite on Uraninite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Microcrystalline and acrystalline masuyite (TYPE LOCALITY) here occurs very richly, in unusual concentration in fact, coating sharp crystals of cubic uraninite (to about 1 cm). I could not explain why the normally more common uranium species uraninite is so rare from this locality which produces so many other uranium minerals but an expert told me the following: The fact that Uraninite crystals are rare in Shinkolobwe is in first place that there where very few cavities where the mineral could cristalise.Where cristallisation was possible, the ground water washed the crystals away. Uranium is one of the most mobile elements so weathering is easy.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",337,{"id":556,"source_url":557,"license_code":426,"credit_html":558,"title":559,"description":553,"author":430,"original_width":522,"original_height":472},15580,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453834","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453834\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Masuyite-Uraninite-mun08rad-05c.jpg",{"id":561,"source_url":562,"license_code":426,"credit_html":563,"title":564,"description":565,"author":430,"original_width":566,"original_height":567},21324,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174954","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174954\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rutherfordine-Uraninite-20883.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutherfordine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutherfordine\">Rutherfordine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Uluguru Mts (Uruguru Mts), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMorogoro_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Morogoro Region\">Morogoro Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Tanzania (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-188716.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A thin coating of yellowish rutherfordine completely covers a relatively large uraninite cube on this rare old treasure from the radioactive deposits that extend a bit into Tanzania, but is seldom accessible to collectors these days! Ex. Carl Davis Thumbnail Collection  1.5 x 1.5 x 1.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",350,299,{"id":569,"source_url":570,"license_code":435,"credit_html":571,"title":572,"description":573,"author":439,"original_width":574,"original_height":575},27051,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83882580","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83882580\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite in pegmatite (Ingelsbo Pegmatite; Ingelsbo, Sweden) 1 (26901187545).jpg","\u003Cp>Uraninite in pegmatitic granite from Sweden. (Robert Lauf collection)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Black crystal = uraninite\nMottled buff to brown material = potassium feldspar\nShiny flakes = mica\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The oxide minerals all contain one or more oxide anions (O-2).  The oxide minerals include species that are hydroxy-oxides.  The hydroxide minerals (those with one or more OH-) are usually considered together with the oxides.  Many sulfide minerals are not stable in Earth-surface conditions.  In the presence of oxygen and moisture, sulfide minerals tend to tarnish or alter to oxides and hydroxy-oxides.  All except the most inert elements (such as the platinum-group elements and gold and noble gases) readily form oxides.  Gold oxide forms only under special conditions.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uraninite is a scarce uranium oxide mineral, UO2.  Uranium is a radioactive element and uraninite is a primary uranium mineral.  It forms under non-oxidizing conditions - in such environments, the uranium is in the form of U+4 ions.  In an oxidizing environment, such as the Earth's surface, uraninite alters to secondary uranium minerals having U+6 ions, which are usually incorporated into uranyl ions, (UO2)+2.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uraninite is black, moderately hard, and radioactive.  It occurs in some pegmatites, in some hydrothermal veins, and in some sedimentary rocks.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Swedish rock shown above is a sample of the Ingelsbo Pegmatite with potassium feldspar and mica.  The black cubic crystal is uraninite within a feldspar crystal.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Ingelsbo, southeastern Dalarna Province, Sweden\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of uraninite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4102\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4102\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4102<\u002Fa>",1339,1376,{"id":577,"source_url":578,"license_code":435,"credit_html":579,"title":580,"description":581,"author":439,"original_width":582,"original_height":583},27054,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449281","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449281\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite (Moab, Utah, USA).jpg","Uraninite from Utah, USA. (Robert Lauf collection)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The oxide minerals all contain one or more oxide anions (O-2).  The oxide minerals include species that are hydroxy-oxides.  The hydroxide minerals (those with one or more OH-) are usually considered together with the oxides.  Many sulfide minerals are not stable in Earth-surface conditions.  In the presence of oxygen and moisture, sulfide minerals tend to tarnish or alter to oxides and hydroxy-oxides.  All except the most inert elements (such as the platinum-group elements and gold and noble gases) readily form oxides.  Gold oxide forms only under special conditions.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uraninite is a scarce uranium oxide mineral, UO2.  Uranium is a radioactive element and uraninite is a primary uranium mineral.  It forms under non-oxidizing conditions - in such environments, the uranium is in the form of U+4 ions.  In an oxidizing environment, such as the Earth's surface, uraninite alters to secondary uranium minerals having U+6 ions, which are usually incorporated into uranyl ions, (UO2)+2.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uraninite is black, moderately hard, and radioactive.  It occurs in some pegmatites, in some hydrothermal veins, and in some sedimentary rocks.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The sample shown above has been identified as a \"variety\" of uraninite called pitchblende.  I have not yet encountered a consistent, specific, non-ambiguous definition of this term.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded\u002Fundisclosed site at or near Moab, eastern Utah, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of uraninite:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4102\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of pitchblende:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=3222",895,927,{"id":585,"source_url":586,"license_code":435,"credit_html":587,"title":588,"description":589,"author":439,"original_width":590,"original_height":591},27055,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449313","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449313\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite rock (Witwatersrand Supergroup, Neoarchean, ~2.9 Ga; Witwatersrand, South Africa) 1.jpg","Uraninite rock from the Precambrian of South Africa.\n\u003Cp>The Witwatersrand area of South Africa has produced much of the world's gold from 2.9 billion year old quartz-pebble conglomerates and uraninitic horizons.  The rock seen here is an example of the latter.  The black material is radioactive uraninite, UO2 - uranium dioxide (also referred to as \"pitchblende).  Visible native gold can occur in this black uraninite-rich rock.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: Witwatersrand Supergroup, lower Neoarchean, ~2.9 Ga (possibly from the Carbon Leader Member in the Main Conglomerate, lower Johannesburg Subgroup, lower Central Rand Group)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: unrecorded \u002F undisclosed site attributed to \"Witwatersrand\", South Africa.",3195,2276,{"id":593,"source_url":594,"license_code":435,"credit_html":595,"title":596,"description":589,"author":439,"original_width":597,"original_height":598},27056,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449315","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449315\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite rock (Witwatersrand Supergroup, Neoarchean, ~2.9 Ga; Witwatersrand, South Africa) 2.jpg",2880,2367,{"id":600,"source_url":601,"license_code":602,"credit_html":603,"title":604,"description":605,"author":606,"original_width":203,"original_height":607},35303,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188100143","CC BY 3.0","Michael J Pabst, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188100143\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fourmarierite, Becquerelite, Uranophane, Studtite, Uraninite-725214.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFourmarierite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fourmarierite\">Fourmarierite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBecquerelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Becquerelite\">Becquerelite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStudtite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Studtite\">Studtite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 15 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine, Shinkolobwe, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Zoom-out view of Fourmarierite specimen taken with a Minolta 50 mm MACRO lens. Red-orange Fourmarierite crystal in the center, surrounded by yellow Becquerelite and Uranophane, and by white Studtite on massive black Uraninite. Two photos stacked by CombineZP. Processed with Adobe Photoshop Elements version 14.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Michael J Pabst",1902,{"id":609,"source_url":610,"license_code":426,"credit_html":611,"title":612,"description":613,"author":430,"original_width":494,"original_height":614},57738,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175513","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175513\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gummite-Uraninite-Zircon-62299.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGummite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gummite\">Gummite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZircon\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zircon\">Zircon\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRuggles_Mine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ruggles Mine\">Ruggles mine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGrafton\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Grafton\">Grafton\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGrafton_County,_New_Hampshire\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Grafton County, New Hampshire\">Grafton County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_Hampshire\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New Hampshire\">New Hampshire\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3281.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A VERY RICH and COLORFUL slab of massive, black uraninite and yellow to green, secondary uraninite alteration products or \"gummite\" associated with much dark brown zircon. 8.7 x 7.1 x 2.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",493,{"id":616,"source_url":617,"license_code":373,"credit_html":618,"title":619,"description":620,"author":621,"original_width":622,"original_height":623},57744,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129290143","AstroErrante, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129290143\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Shinkolobwe Uraninite with Gummite.jpg","Ejemplar de uraninita y gummita de la mina Shinkolobwe. 2,2 cm.","AstroErrante",2740,2334,{"id":625,"source_url":626,"license_code":426,"credit_html":627,"title":628,"description":553,"author":430,"original_width":542,"original_height":384},66499,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453835","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453835\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Masuyite-Uraninite-mun08rad-05a.jpg",{"id":630,"source_url":631,"license_code":426,"credit_html":632,"title":633,"description":634,"author":430,"original_width":635,"original_height":487},74430,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127124","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127124\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-39029.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Chestnut Flats Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSpruce_Pine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Spruce Pine\">Spruce Pine\u003C\u002Fa>, Spruce Pine District, Mitchell County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth_Carolina\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North Carolina\">North Carolina\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-10044.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen is a solid, complete-all-around stack of large uraninties to a 1 cm or slightly more in size. They have sharp form, moderate luster, and are unaltered. 4 x 2.4 x 2.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",507,{"id":637,"source_url":638,"license_code":426,"credit_html":639,"title":640,"description":641,"author":430,"original_width":642,"original_height":643},74432,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137091","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137091\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-67802.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSwamp\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Swamp\">Swamp #1 quarry\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTopsham\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Topsham\">Topsham\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSagadahoc_County,_Maine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sagadahoc County, Maine\">Sagadahoc County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maine\">Maine\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-192814.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A showy specimen of lustrous, cuboctohedral uraninite crystals to 8 mm in matrix from the older find at the \"Trebilcock\" locations in the Swamp Quarries, near Topsham, Maine (1960s). This piece was collected by Cliff Trebilcock, Jr. when he was a kid. 5.8 x 3.4 x 3.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",378,625,{"id":645,"source_url":646,"license_code":426,"credit_html":647,"title":648,"description":649,"author":430,"original_width":384,"original_height":650},74433,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176567","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176567\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-Uraninite-199866.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Angel Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSierras_de_C%C3%B3rdoba\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sierras de Córdoba\">Sierra de Córdoba\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FC%C3%B3rdoba\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Córdoba\">Córdoba\u003C\u002Fa>, Argentina (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-193773.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.9 x 3.8 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Relatively sharp pseudomorphed crystals to about 1 cm, of Uranophane pseudo. Uraninite from this unusual location. Nice for the replacement from any locality. Ex. Philadelphia Academy of Sciences Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",761,{"id":652,"source_url":653,"license_code":426,"credit_html":654,"title":655,"description":656,"author":430,"original_width":472,"original_height":657},74434,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453139","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453139\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-mm15a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \"Trebilcock Mine\", Topsham, Sagadahoc Co., Maine\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.4 x 1.5 x 1.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uraninite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A STUNNING, jet black, lustrous 1.5 cm crystal of uraninite with exceptionally good form, naturally perched on a pedestal of matrix. What a phenomenal thumber of competition-quality! This is one of the best I have seen from the locality in any size of specimen, and the crystal size itself is very large for the locale. I was stunned when I saw this one...\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",372,{"id":659,"source_url":660,"license_code":426,"credit_html":661,"title":662,"description":656,"author":430,"original_width":663,"original_height":384},74435,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453140","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453140\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-mm15b.jpg",563,{"id":665,"source_url":666,"license_code":426,"credit_html":667,"title":668,"description":669,"author":430,"original_width":657,"original_height":472},74436,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456492","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456492\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-Uranophane-pas-34b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina \"Angel\", Sierra de Cordoba, Punilla Department, C�rdoba, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.9 x 3.8 x 2.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uranophane pseudo. Uraninite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Relatively sharp pseudomorphed crystals to about 1 cm, of Uranophane pseudo. Uraninite from this unusual location. Nice for the replacement from any locality, too!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":671,"source_url":672,"license_code":426,"credit_html":673,"title":674,"description":675,"author":430,"original_width":472,"original_height":676},74437,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476287","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476287\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-usa32c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Trebilcock Pit, Topsham, Maine\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.7 x 2.4 x 1.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uraninite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The so-called \"Trebilcock \" locationuraninites found in the late 1970s represent the pinnacle of crystallized uraninite, to most collectors. Specimens today are rare on the market. THis beautiful large thubmnail features a dominant 1.5-cm-across crystal perched atop smaller ones, on matrix! SUPERB quality...a competition level specimen. ex. Ken Hollman Collection\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",301,{"id":678,"source_url":679,"license_code":426,"credit_html":680,"title":681,"description":682,"author":430,"original_width":384,"original_height":431},74438,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476288","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476288\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-usa32abg.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Trebilcock Pit, Topsham, Maine\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.7 x 2.4 x 1.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uraninite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The \"Trebilcock\" uraninites found in the late 1970s represent the pinnacle of crystallized uraninite to most collectors. Specimens today are rare on the market. This sample features a dominant 1.5-cm-across crystal perched atop smaller ones on matrix! High competition-level quality specimen. ex. Ken Hollman Collection\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":684,"source_url":685,"license_code":373,"credit_html":686,"title":687,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":405},74439,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246688","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246688\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite w2.jpg",{"id":689,"source_url":690,"license_code":373,"credit_html":691,"title":692,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},74440,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246693","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=47246693\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite w9.jpg",{"id":694,"source_url":695,"license_code":373,"credit_html":696,"title":697,"description":698,"author":397,"original_width":456,"original_height":699},74441,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57846292","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57846292\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite Miceeyes5.jpg","botryoidal Uraninite, Pribram Mining District, Czech Republic",2448,{"id":701,"source_url":702,"license_code":373,"credit_html":703,"title":704,"description":705,"author":397,"original_width":456,"original_height":699},74443,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57846299","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57846299\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite Mouseeye52.jpg","large botryoidal Uraninite (mouse-eye diam. 5mm), Pribram Mining District, Czech Republic",{"id":707,"source_url":708,"license_code":426,"credit_html":709,"title":710,"description":711,"author":430,"original_width":712,"original_height":494},77642,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175602","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175602\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-Rutherfordine-69248.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutherfordine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutherfordine\">Rutherfordine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Uluguru Mts (Uruguru Mts), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMorogoro_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Morogoro Region\">Morogoro Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Tanzania (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-188716.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp example of well-formed uraninite from this classic locale! RARE AND OLD! 0.9 x 0.8 x 0.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",535,[714],{"id":715,"url":716,"label":717,"formula":718,"spacegroup":719,"year":720},14071,"\u002Fcif\u002F14071.cif","Wyckoff 1963","U O2","F m 3 m",1963,[722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735,736],"Kristallisirtes Uranpecherz","Protoxide of Uranium","Schwarz Beck-Erz","Ulrichite (of Kirsch)","Uranatemnite","Uranbekerts","Urane noir","Urane oxydulé","Uranerts","Uranerz","Uranin","Urano ossidolato","Uranopissit","Uranopissita","Uranopissite",[738,742,747,751,755,759,764,768,773,777,781,785,789,795,799,802,810,816,821,825,829,833,837,840,843,847,853,858,865,868,872,878,881,884,888,893,898,902,905,910,914,917,921,928,932,935,938,941,944,948,951,954,957,964,969,972,975,978,981],{"lang":739,"names":740},"af",[741],"Uraniniet",{"lang":743,"names":744},"ar",[745,746],"بتشبلند","يورانينيت",{"lang":748,"names":749},"az",[750],"Uraninit",{"lang":752,"names":753},"azb",[754],"تری‌اورانیوم اکتوکسید",{"lang":756,"names":757},"be",[758],"Уранініт",{"lang":760,"names":761},"bn",[762,763],"ইউরেনাইট","পিচব্লেন্ড",{"lang":765,"names":766},"ca",[767],"uraninita",{"lang":769,"names":770},"cs",[771,772],"smolinec","uraninit",{"lang":774,"names":775},"da",[776],"Begblende",{"lang":778,"names":779},"de",[750,780],"Uranpecherz",{"lang":782,"names":783},"el",[784],"Ουρανινίτης",{"lang":786,"names":787},"eo",[788],"Uraninito",{"lang":790,"names":791},"es",[792,767,793,794],"dióxido de uranio","uranita","uranitita",{"lang":796,"names":797},"et",[798],"uraniniit",{"lang":800,"names":801},"eu",[767],{"lang":803,"names":804},"fa",[805,806,807,808,809,754],"اورانیت","اورانینیت","تری اورانیم اکتوکسید","تری اورانیوم اکتوکسید","تری‌اورانیم اکتوکسید",{"lang":811,"names":812},"fi",[813,814,815],"Pikivälke","Uraniitti","Uraniniitti",{"lang":817,"names":818},"fr",[819,820,7],"1317-99-3","Pechblende",{"lang":822,"names":823},"ga",[824],"úráininít",{"lang":826,"names":827},"gl",[828],"Uraninita",{"lang":830,"names":831},"hi",[832],"ट्राइयूरेनियम ऑक्टाऑक्साइड",{"lang":834,"names":835},"hu",[836],"uránszurokérc",{"lang":838,"names":839},"ia",[820,7],{"lang":841,"names":842},"id",[772],{"lang":844,"names":845},"it",[846],"uraninite",{"lang":848,"names":849},"ja",[850,851,852],"八酸化三ウラン","瀝青ウラン鉱","閃ウラン鉱",{"lang":854,"names":855},"kk",[856,857],"Уранинит","Уранит",{"lang":859,"names":860},"ko",[861,862,863,864],"섬우라늄석","우라니나이트","팔산화삼우라늄","피치블렌드",{"lang":866,"names":867},"ky",[856],{"lang":869,"names":870},"lt",[871],"Uraninitas",{"lang":873,"names":874},"lv",[875,876,877],"Nasturāns","Urāna piķis","Uraninīts",{"lang":879,"names":880},"mk",[856],{"lang":882,"names":883},"ms",[750],{"lang":885,"names":886},"nb",[887],"bekblende",{"lang":889,"names":890},"nl",[891,892],"Uraniet","uraniniet",{"lang":894,"names":895},"nn",[887,896,897],"Uraninitt","Uranitt",{"lang":899,"names":900},"no",[901],"Bekblende",{"lang":903,"names":904},"oc",[828],{"lang":906,"names":907},"pl",[908,772,909],"bröggeryt","uranit",{"lang":911,"names":912},"pt",[913,828,846],"pechblenda",{"lang":915,"names":916},"pt-br",[913,767,846],{"lang":918,"names":919},"ro",[920,772],"dioxid de uraniu",{"lang":922,"names":923},"ru",[924,925,926,927],"настуран","смоляная обманка","уранинит","урановая смолка",{"lang":929,"names":930},"sk",[931,750],"Smolinec",{"lang":933,"names":934},"sl",[772],{"lang":936,"names":937},"sv",[750],{"lang":939,"names":940},"tg",[856],{"lang":942,"names":943},"tr",[750],{"lang":945,"names":946},"uk",[947],"уранініт",{"lang":949,"names":950},"uz",[750],{"lang":952,"names":953},"vi",[750],{"lang":955,"names":956},"yo",[7],{"lang":958,"names":959},"zh",[960,961,962,963],"八氧化三鈾","晶质铀矿","瀝青鈾","瀝青鈾礦",{"lang":965,"names":966},"zh-cn",[967,968],"八氧化三铀","沥青铀矿",{"lang":970,"names":971},"zh-hans",[967,968],{"lang":973,"names":974},"zh-hant",[960,963],{"lang":976,"names":977},"zh-hk",[960,963],{"lang":979,"names":980},"zh-sg",[967,968],{"lang":982,"names":983},"zh-tw",[960,963],"Q206467",{"history":986,"applications":990},{"markdown":987,"model_version":988,"prompt_version":989,"reviewed_at":11},"Before anyone knew uranium existed, German miners already had a name for the heavy black stone they kept hitting. They called it *pechblende* — pitchblende. *Pitch* for its tar-black colour; *blende* from the German *blenden*, \"to deceive\"[1]. The name was a warning. The rock looked dense and metallic, as if it should yield something valuable, yet miners could not work it for any useful metal — so it deceived them[1].\n\nThe deceiving stone had been turning up since at least the 15th century, in the silver mines of the Ore Mountains along the German and Czech border[2]. It took on a string of names before it had a settled one. A naturalist called it *schwarz beck-erz* — black pitch ore — in 1727[3]. Another labelled it *pseudogalena* and \"pitch-like zinc-blende\" in 1747, comparing it to ores it merely resembled[3]. The pitchblende name itself was fixed in 1758[3]. The first formal mineralogical description came in 1772, from the silver-mining town of Jáchymov — then Joachimsthal — which became the mineral's type locality[2].\n\n### The element hidden inside\n\nIn 1789 the chemist Martin Klaproth dissolved pitchblende from the Johanngeorgenstadt deposit and pulled from it an element no one had isolated before[4]. He named it uranium, after the newly discovered planet Uranus. The mineral was renamed in turn: Klaproth's *uranerz* — uranium ore — acknowledged what it carried, and in 1845 it was given the composition-based name it still holds, for the uranium inside it[3].\n\nThe stone kept yielding firsts. Helium had been spotted in the Sun's light before anyone found it on Earth. It was first detected on Earth inside cleveite, an impure radioactive variety of the mineral[5].\n\nThe deeper secret was radioactivity. In the 1890s, working in Paris, Marie Skłodowska-Curie measured samples of pitchblende and found them four to five times more radioactive than their uranium content could explain[6]. Something else, far more active, had to be hiding in the ore. In July 1898 she and Pierre Curie announced a new metal extracted from pitchblende and named it polonium, after Poland[6]. On 26 December 1898 they announced a second: radium[6]. To isolate it they needed raw material in bulk. The Austrian Academy of Sciences arranged for tons of pitchblende residue — the leftovers from the Joachimsthal slag-heaps — to be sent to Paris[6]. From those tons Marie Curie eventually isolated pure metallic radium in 1910[7].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":991,"model_version":988,"prompt_version":989,"reviewed_at":11},"Uraninite is the world's primary ore of uranium — the rock mines are after when they go looking for the metal[1]. Its chemistry is mostly uranium dioxide (UO₂), a dense store of uranium atoms[2]. Crush the ore, leach the uranium out, purify it, and you have the feedstock for almost everything uranium does.\n\nThe dominant use is fuel for nuclear reactors. The uranium drawn from uraninite is enriched and pressed into ceramic pellets of uranium dioxide. Those pellets are the fuel that generates electricity from nuclear power[3]. The same enrichment chain, taken further, yields the concentrated fissile uranium used in nuclear weapons[4].\n\nSupply matters as much as the rock itself. Much of the uranium used in the United States is imported. Uranium now sits on the country's list of critical minerals — materials judged essential and vulnerable to supply disruption[5].\n\nOne practical note for anyone who handles a specimen: uraninite is radioactive. As it decays it emits radon gas, a radioactive byproduct[6]. The standard collector precautions are simple. Keep specimens in airtight containers in a separate cabinet, away from living spaces; ventilate when opening them so radon cannot build up; and wash hands after handling[6]."]