[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:4107":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":23,"key_elements":24,"impurities":11,"cim":25,"ima_status":26,"ima_notes":29,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":31,"discovery_year":32,"strunz10ed1":33,"strunz10ed2":34,"strunz10ed3":35,"strunz10ed4":36,"dana8ed1":37,"dana8ed2":38,"dana8ed3":39,"dana8ed4":40,"csystem":41,"cclass":42,"spacegroup":43,"spacegroupset":44,"a":45,"b":46,"c":47,"alpha":44,"beta":48,"gamma":44,"aerror":49,"berror":50,"cerror":50,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":42,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":51,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":52,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":53,"tlform":11,"hmin":51,"hmax":50,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":44,"vhnmax":44,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":54,"dmeas2":55,"dcalc":56,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":57,"commentluster":58,"diapheny":59,"streak":11,"colour":60,"commentcolor":11,"colors":61,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":65,"cleavage":66,"cleavagetype":67,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":68,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":69,"opticalsign":70,"opticalalpha":71,"opticalalpha2":44,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":72,"opticalbeta2":44,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":73,"opticalgamma2":44,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":44,"opticalomega2":44,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":44,"opticalepsilon2":44,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":44,"opticaln2":44,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":74,"optical2vcalc2":44,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":75,"optical2vmeasured2":76,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":77,"rimax":78,"opticaldispersion":79,"opticalpleochroism":80,"opticalpleochorismdesc":81,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":82,"type_specimen_store":83,"description_short":84,"aboutname":85,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":86,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":87,"group_members":88,"associates":111,"confused_with":180,"type_localities":182,"occurrence_total":187,"citations":188,"images":266,"structures":628,"synonyms":629,"language_names":641,"wikidata_qid":717,"texts":718},4107,"1:1:4107:8","eeec0c2b-3503-4c1d-9afe-bd7de7e6e9ff","Uranophane","Urp-α",0,"mineral",null,32172,10071,false,"Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[18,19,20,21,22],"Ca","Si","O","H","U",[18,19,20,21,22],[22],"14.16.10",[27,28],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",[30],"RENAMED",1853,"1853","9","A","K","15","53","3","1","2","Monoclinic",4,9,"0","15.909","7.002","6.665","97.27",6,3,2,"Cell from Ginderow (1988).","Composite needles, stellate aggregates, fibrous or felted crusts, massive.","3.8","3.91","3.78","Vitreous,Greasy,Silky,Dull,Earthy","Pearly on cleavage, waxy or dull when massive","Transparent,Translucent","Light yellow, lemon-yellow, honey-yellow, straw-yellow, green-yellow",[62,63,64],"yellow","green","colorless","Weakly green, usually not fluorescent when massive.","on {100}","Perfect","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.643","1.666","1.669","38","32","45",1.643,1.669,"r \u003C v strong","Weak","X= colorless\r\nY= pale canary yellow\r\nZ= canary yellow","Secondary mineral in uranium deposits and pegmatites.","Holotype - Mineralogical Museum of the Institute of Geological Science, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.","Uranophane Group. Compare UM1997-50-SiO:CaHU.","Named in 1853 by Christian Friedrich Martin Websky for the chemical composition containing URANium plus Greek φαίνεσθαι \"phainesthai\", to appear, in allusion to the uncertainty of its composition as originally determined.  Long named uranophane-α to distinguish it from its polymorph uranophane-β, it was renamed in 2022 by the IMA to simply uranophane.","2026-04-04 16:25:15",[],[89,98,106],{"id":90,"name":91,"entrytype":9,"csystem":41,"ima_formula":92,"mindat_formula":93,"hmin":94,"hmax":42,"dmeas":95,"dcalc":96,"primary_image_id":97},716,"Boltwoodite","(K,Na)(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH) · 1.5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(K,Na)(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)·1.5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3.5,"4.7","4.46",3605,{"id":99,"name":100,"entrytype":9,"csystem":101,"ima_formula":102,"mindat_formula":103,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":104,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":11},3692,"Natroboltwoodite","Orthorhombic","Na(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","4.1","4.4",{"id":107,"name":108,"entrytype":9,"csystem":41,"ima_formula":16,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":109,"hmax":50,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":110},4106,"Parauranophane",2.5,18770,[112,120,126,134,141,150,157,163,171],{"id":113,"name":114,"entrytype":9,"csystem":101,"ima_formula":115,"mindat_formula":116,"hmin":51,"hmax":109,"dmeas":117,"dcalc":118,"primary_image_id":119},433,"Autunite","Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 10-12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·10-12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.05","3.14",2366,{"id":121,"name":122,"entrytype":9,"csystem":41,"ima_formula":123,"mindat_formula":124,"hmin":51,"hmax":50,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":125},863,"Calcurmolite","(Ca\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Na\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(MoO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6-x\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca[(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(MoO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>~5.0\u003C\u002Fsub>",4427,{"id":127,"name":128,"entrytype":9,"csystem":101,"ima_formula":129,"mindat_formula":130,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":131,"dcalc":132,"primary_image_id":133},1117,"Compreignacite","K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","5.03","5.13",6134,{"id":135,"name":136,"entrytype":9,"csystem":101,"ima_formula":137,"mindat_formula":138,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":131,"dcalc":139,"primary_image_id":140},1273,"Dewindtite","H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Pb\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Pb\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","5.12",7139,{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":144,"ima_formula":145,"mindat_formula":146,"hmin":51,"hmax":109,"dmeas":147,"dcalc":148,"primary_image_id":149},2662,"Meta-autunite","Tetragonal","Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.35","3.31",15979,{"id":151,"name":152,"entrytype":9,"csystem":41,"ima_formula":153,"mindat_formula":154,"hmin":51,"hmax":109,"dmeas":155,"dcalc":156,"primary_image_id":11},2665,"Metauranocircite","Ba(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ba(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.94","3.95",{"id":158,"name":159,"entrytype":9,"csystem":101,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":161,"hmin":109,"hmax":109,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":162},3182,"Phosphuranylite","KCa(H\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","KCa(H\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",19370,{"id":164,"name":165,"entrytype":9,"csystem":41,"ima_formula":166,"mindat_formula":167,"hmin":51,"hmax":50,"dmeas":168,"dcalc":169,"primary_image_id":170},3508,"Saléeite","Mg(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mg(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.27","3.21",21443,{"id":172,"name":173,"entrytype":9,"csystem":101,"ima_formula":174,"mindat_formula":175,"hmin":176,"hmax":51,"dmeas":177,"dcalc":178,"primary_image_id":179},4072,"Tyuyamunite","Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5-8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·5-8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"3.57","3.59",24827,[181],{"id":107,"name":108,"entrytype":9,"csystem":41,"ima_formula":16,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":109,"hmax":50,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":110},[183],{"id":184,"txt":185,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":186},131439,"Miedzianka, Gmina Janowice Wielkie, Karkonosze County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland","Poland",857,[189,192,196,200,205,209,213,218,222,225,230,235,240,244,248,253,257,261],{"id":190,"year":31,"html":191,"doi":11},16126828,"Websky, M. (1853) Ueber die geognostischen Verhältnisse der Erzlagerstätten von Kupferberg und Rudelstadt in Schlesien. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft\u003C\u002Fi>,  5. 373-438",{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":11},520887,1939,"Steinocher, V.; Nováček, Radim (1939) On β-uranotile. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  24 (5). 324-338 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM24\u002FAM24_324.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":11},522664,1955,"Gorman, D. H., Nuffield, E. W. (1955) Studies of radioactive compounds: VIII-Uranophane and beta-uranophane. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  40 (7-8) 634-645 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM40\u002FAM40_634.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":201,"year":202,"html":203,"doi":204},595359,1956,"Frondel, C.; Riska, D.; Frondel, J.D. (1956) X-ray powder data for uranium and thorium minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 1036g. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb1036g'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb1036g\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F1036g\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb1036g",{"id":206,"year":207,"html":208,"doi":11},527618,1981,"Stohl, Frances V., Smith, Deane K. (1981) The crystal chemistry of the uranyl silicate minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  66 (5-6) 610-624 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM66\u002FAM66_610.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":210,"year":211,"html":212,"doi":11},16126824,1986,"Viswanathan, K. and Harneit, O. (1986) Refined crystal structure of β-uranophane Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2.5H2O. American Mineralogist: 71: 1489-1493.",{"id":214,"year":215,"html":216,"doi":217},219668,1988,"Ginderow, D. (1988) Structure de l'uranophane alpha, Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (3) 421-424 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108270187011491'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108270187011491\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108270187011491",{"id":219,"year":220,"html":221,"doi":11},16126834,2001,"Barinova, A.V., Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Sidorenko, G.A., Pushcharovskii, D.Y. (2001) Crystal structure of high-symmetry α-uranophane. Doklady Chemistry, 378, 122-124.",{"id":223,"year":220,"html":224,"doi":11},16967896,"(2001) Uranophane. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Furanophane-alpha.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":226,"year":227,"html":228,"doi":229},64215,2005,"Burns, Peter C. (2005) U\u003Csup>6+\u003C\u002Fsup> minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (6) 1839-1894 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.6.1839'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.6.1839\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol43\u002FCM43_1839.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.6.1839",{"id":231,"year":232,"html":233,"doi":234},9408473,2011,"Sureda, R.; Casas, I.; Giménez, J.; de Pablo, J.; Quiñones, J.; Zhang, J.; Ewing, R. C. (2011) Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Temperature on Uranyl Silicates: Soddyite (UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> and Uranophane Ca(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O. \u003Ci>Environmental Science & Technology\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (6). 2510-2515 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fes1041496'>doi:10.1021\u002Fes1041496\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fes1041496",{"id":236,"year":237,"html":238,"doi":239},12550880,2018,"Espriu-Gascon, Alexandra, Giménez, Javier, Casas, Ignasi, de Pablo, Joan (2018) Retention of cesium and strontium by uranophane, Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O. \u003Ci>Journal of Hazardous Materials\u003C\u002Fi>, 353. 431-435 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jhazmat.2018.04.051'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jhazmat.2018.04.051\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jhazmat.2018.04.051",{"id":241,"year":237,"html":242,"doi":243},129687,"Plášil, Jakub (2018) Structural complexity of uranophane and uranophane-β: implications for their formation and occurrence. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  30 (2) 253-257 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2017\u002F0029-2691'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2017\u002F0029-2691\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2017\u002F0029-2691",{"id":245,"year":237,"html":246,"doi":247},564825,"Colmenero, Francisco, Timón, Vicente, Bonales, Laura J., Cobos, Joaquín (2018) Structural, mechanical and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the layered uranyl silicate mineral, uranophane-α, by density functional theory methods. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (3) 377-392 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclm.2018.27'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclm.2018.27\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclm.2018.27",{"id":249,"year":250,"html":251,"doi":252},13826250,2022,"Frankland, Victoria L., Rickman, Sam P., Milodowski, Antoni E., Read, David (2022) Characterisation of Uranophane and Boltwoodite by Raman, luminescence and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Applied Geochemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  138. 105183 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.apgeochem.2021.105183'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.apgeochem.2021.105183\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.apgeochem.2021.105183",{"id":254,"year":250,"html":255,"doi":256},16096859,"Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2022) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) – Newsletter 69. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  34 (5) 463-468 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-34-463-2022'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-34-463-2022\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fejm.copernicus.org\u002Farticles\u002F34\u002F463\u002F2022\u002Fejm-34-463-2022.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-34-463-2022",{"id":258,"year":250,"html":259,"doi":260},15528096,"Stark, Martin; Noller, Markus (2022) Spectral variability of the uranyl silicates uranophane-α and uranophane-β: polymorphism and luminescence. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (1). 2 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-022-01225-2'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-022-01225-2\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-022-01225-2",{"id":262,"year":263,"html":264,"doi":265},16968762,2023,"Spano, Tyler L., Olds, Travis A., McDonnell, Marshall, Smith, Robert, Niedziela, Jennifer L., Miskowiec, Andrew, Kapsimalis, Roger, Shields, Ashley E. (2023) CURIES: Compendium of uranium Raman and infrared experimental spectra. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  108 (12) 2219-2233 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8738'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8738\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8738",[267,277,287,294,302,308,315,322,331,338,345,351,361,368,375,380,385,390,399,405,412,419,426,434,442,451,458,464,470,476,483,491,498,504,510,515,521,526,531,541,549,558,568,576,582,587,593,599,605,612,619],{"id":268,"source_url":269,"license_code":270,"credit_html":271,"title":272,"description":273,"author":274,"original_width":275,"original_height":276},27083,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4112479","Public domain","Photograph by Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4112479\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane.jpg","Uranophane. Mineral collection of Bringham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah. Photograph by Andrew Silver. No BYU index, Ca(UO_2)_2Si_2O_7 x 6(H_2O).","Photograph by Andrew Silver",1400,829,{"id":278,"source_url":279,"license_code":280,"credit_html":281,"title":282,"description":283,"author":284,"original_width":285,"original_height":286},84410,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175078","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175078\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-34329.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMadawaska_Mine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Madawaska Mine\">Madawaska Mine (Faraday Mine)\u003C\u002Fa>, Faraday Township, Bancroft District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHastings_County,_Ontario\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hastings County, Ontario\">Hastings County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOntario\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ontario\">Ontario\u003C\u002Fa>, Canada (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-542.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A GORGEOUS specimen with large acicular crystals for the species, arranged in radial tufts protected within a vuggy matrix. 6.7 x 4.8 x 2.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",600,484,{"id":288,"source_url":289,"license_code":280,"credit_html":290,"title":291,"description":292,"author":284,"original_width":285,"original_height":293},84411,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175668","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175668\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-112537.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Rössing Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArandis\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arandis\">Arandis\u003C\u002Fa>, Swakopmund District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3085.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sharp, extremely gemmy crystals of this rare uranium species to 3 mm on contrasting quartz matrix. Just a beautiful piece, and extremely fine of the crystallography here . The species normally occurs as acicular needles, not as 3-D crystals with real terminations! 5.7 x 3.4 x 2.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",438,{"id":295,"source_url":296,"license_code":280,"credit_html":297,"title":298,"description":299,"author":284,"original_width":300,"original_height":301},27085,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432303","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432303\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-sea18c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Faraday Township, Bancroft District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHastings_County,_Ontario\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hastings County, Ontario\">Hastings County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOntario\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ontario\">Ontario\u003C\u002Fa>, Canada (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-15460.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.7 x 5.8 x 5.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uranophane on matrix\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Two hair-like clusters of acicular uranophane crystals, perched nicely on a matrix plate. This is classic, now rare, material from this old uranium mine in Bancroft area. From the 405 drift, 600 level. Ex. John White Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",486,527,{"id":303,"source_url":304,"license_code":280,"credit_html":305,"title":306,"description":307,"author":284,"original_width":285,"original_height":293},27086,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453229","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453229\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-mrz113a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Rössing Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArandis\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arandis\">Arandis\u003C\u002Fa>, Swakopmund District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3085.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.7 x 3.4 x 2.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Beta-Uranophane\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sharp, extremely gemmy crystals of this rare uranium species to 3 mm on contrasting quartz matrix. Just a beautiful piece, and extremely fine of the crystallography here . The species normally occurs as acicular needles, not as 3-D crystals with real terminations!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":309,"source_url":310,"license_code":280,"credit_html":311,"title":312,"description":307,"author":284,"original_width":313,"original_height":314},27087,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453232","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453232\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-mrz113c.jpg",400,223,{"id":316,"source_url":317,"license_code":280,"credit_html":318,"title":319,"description":320,"author":284,"original_width":321,"original_height":313},84414,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176816","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176816\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-215497.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Rössing Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArandis\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arandis\">Arandis\u003C\u002Fa>, Swakopmund District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3085.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.6 x 3.3 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sharp crystals of intense yellow uranophane, to 4mm, make this protected vug a significant specimen for the species for Namibia. Rossing produces lots of boltwoodite as a radioactive, but few uranophanes. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",360,{"id":323,"source_url":324,"license_code":270,"credit_html":325,"title":326,"description":327,"author":328,"original_width":329,"original_height":330},84415,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10346461","Mike Dennis, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10346461\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane - Chalk Mountain Mine, North Carolina, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Chalk Mountain Mine, Spruce Pine, Spruce Pine District, Mitchell County, North Carolina, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Yellow uranophane on granite. 12 x 9 x 3 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Mike Dennis",1024,736,{"id":332,"source_url":333,"license_code":280,"credit_html":334,"title":335,"description":299,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":337},84417,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432300","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432300\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-sea18b.jpg",800,722,{"id":339,"source_url":340,"license_code":280,"credit_html":341,"title":342,"description":343,"author":284,"original_width":344,"original_height":313},84418,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450145","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450145\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-jr-3a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.1 x 5.0 x 4.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uranophane and Guillemanite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A vug contains elongate crystals of brilliant color and lustre. The thin acicular yellow crystals are Uranophane and the more flattened, lathelike crystals are the Guillemanite . ANALYZED\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",289,{"id":346,"source_url":347,"license_code":280,"credit_html":348,"title":349,"description":307,"author":284,"original_width":313,"original_height":350},72727,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453230","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453230\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-mrz113d.jpg",236,{"id":352,"source_url":353,"license_code":354,"credit_html":355,"title":356,"description":357,"author":358,"original_width":359,"original_height":360},84419,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=59418657","CC BY-SA 4.0","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=59418657\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophan 2.jpg","Uranophane, Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo, FOV: 8 mm","Weirdmeister",3264,1840,{"id":362,"source_url":363,"license_code":354,"credit_html":364,"title":365,"description":366,"author":358,"original_width":151,"original_height":367},18773,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=51315671","Weirdmeister, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=51315671\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beta uranophane Naturkundemuseum Berlin.jpg","beta-Uranophan in der Mineraliensammlung im Naturkundemuseum Berlin",2652,{"id":369,"source_url":370,"license_code":280,"credit_html":371,"title":372,"description":11,"author":373,"original_width":374,"original_height":374},18774,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58305805","Rama, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58305805\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane Beta-MCG 58314-P4150918-black.jpg","Rama",4000,{"id":376,"source_url":377,"license_code":280,"credit_html":378,"title":379,"description":11,"author":373,"original_width":374,"original_height":374},18775,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58305815","Rama, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58305815\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane Beta-MCG 58314-P4150918-white.jpg",{"id":381,"source_url":382,"license_code":280,"credit_html":383,"title":384,"description":11,"author":373,"original_width":374,"original_height":374},18776,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58305828","Rama, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58305828\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane Beta-MCG 58314-P4150919-black.jpg",{"id":386,"source_url":387,"license_code":280,"credit_html":388,"title":389,"description":11,"author":373,"original_width":374,"original_height":374},18777,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58305836","Rama, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58305836\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane Beta-MCG 58314-P4150919-white.jpg",{"id":391,"source_url":392,"license_code":354,"credit_html":393,"title":394,"description":395,"author":396,"original_width":397,"original_height":398},72726,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6678118","Piotr Sosnowski, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6678118\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranofan Kowary.JPG","β-uranophane on milk quartz from the uranium mine in  Kowary near Jelenia Góra, Karkonosze Muntains, Lower Silesia, Poland.","Piotr Sosnowski",1632,1224,{"id":400,"source_url":401,"license_code":280,"credit_html":402,"title":403,"description":307,"author":284,"original_width":313,"original_height":404},72728,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453231","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453231\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-mrz113b.jpg",300,{"id":406,"source_url":407,"license_code":280,"credit_html":408,"title":409,"description":410,"author":284,"original_width":285,"original_height":411},6689,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175604","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175604\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cuprosklodowskite-Uranophane-69261.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCuprosklodowskite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cuprosklodowskite\">Cuprosklodowskite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This remarkable specimen clearly shows embedded crystals of green Cuprosklodowskite altering to Uranophane , yellow and altered by the time it reaches the protected shallow cavity in the center of the piece. Most unusual! 5.9 x 3.1 x 2.3 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",430,{"id":413,"source_url":414,"license_code":280,"credit_html":415,"title":416,"description":417,"author":284,"original_width":329,"original_height":418},27084,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176778","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176778\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-Cuprosklodowskite-214940.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCuprosklodowskite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cuprosklodowskite\">Cuprosklodowskite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.0 x 8.5 x 5.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A large and colourful specimen with an unusual combination: bright yellow Uranophane crystals are filling a large vug of green Cuprosklodowskite crystals. Very interesting about this piece is that the Cuprosklodowskite crystals are partially imbedded in the Uranophane crystals and on some crystals, the green Cuprosklodowskite is passing through the terminations of the Uranophane crystals. Thus, this is not pseudomorphing, but growth together in the same pocket. At a close look, one can observe that many of the Cuprosklodowskite crystals are terminated, which is not often seen. This piece was recovered during the removal of the U-dump in the early 1990’s. Musonoi has ceased producing minerals since then.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",768,{"id":420,"source_url":421,"license_code":280,"credit_html":422,"title":423,"description":424,"author":284,"original_width":285,"original_height":425},84412,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175920","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175920\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-Malachite-131737.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Malachite\">Malachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.7 x 5.0 x 4.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Microcrystalline uranophane [not analysed, kasolite was also suggested], in a protected vug of malachite and ore. Ex. Charlie Key Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",542,{"id":427,"source_url":428,"license_code":280,"credit_html":429,"title":430,"description":431,"author":284,"original_width":432,"original_height":433},84413,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176170","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176170\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-Baryte-160539.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wölsendorf Fluorite mining District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSchwandorf\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Schwandorf\">Schwandorf\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUpper_Palatinate\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Upper Palatinate\">Upper Palatinate\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBavaria\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bavaria\">Bavaria\u003C\u002Fa>, Germany (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1774.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.1 x 5.9 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Pastel-yellow and green radial tufts of acicular uranophane richly line a very well-placed vug in matrix on this excellent specimen from the well-known Wolsendorf fluorite district of Bavaria, Germany. The uranophane is nicely complimented by a couple of brown, radioactive baryte crystals. There is even a vug lined with hematite-tinted quartz crystals on the bottom of the piece, as a bonus. Ex. Charles Hansen Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",526,541,{"id":110,"source_url":435,"license_code":280,"credit_html":436,"title":437,"description":438,"author":439,"original_width":440,"original_height":441},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31024681","F. Rohowski, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31024681\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-alpha and Uranophane-beta.jpg","Uranophane-alpha (light yellow radiating spheres) and Uranophane-beta (dark yellow, fan-like, thick needles) on Granite from Miedzianka in Krkonoše near Janowice Wielkie in Poland (Width: 11,5 mm)","F. Rohowski",2000,1377,{"id":443,"source_url":444,"license_code":354,"credit_html":445,"title":446,"description":447,"author":448,"original_width":449,"original_height":450},2105,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=34874922","BLFrank, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=34874922\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Arsenuranospathite, Uranophane-alpha, Menzenschwand.jpg","Brown arsenuranospathite with yellow acicular uranophane-alpha from Grube Krunkelbach (Krunkelbach Mine), Menzenschwand, Germany (Field of view: 4.6 mm)","BLFrank",5616,3744,{"id":452,"source_url":453,"license_code":280,"credit_html":454,"title":455,"description":456,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":457},3263,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176606","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176606\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Billietite-Uranophane-201153.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBillietite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Billietite\">Billietite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.9 x 3.9 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The mineral crystallizes here in bright yellow-orange transparent crystals of textbook shape, sub-mm but eye-visible, presented nicely on underlying tufts of acicular Uranophane. Named after a prominent Belgian, who at the time were the leaders in mineralogy of this region as they helped develop it, this is a very rare specimen of billietite because of the sheer richness of the piece. Usually we see this mineral as specks on other minerals, in a limited coverage. Here, many crystals of sharp billietite, sub-mm but eye-visible, sit perched on acicular Uranophane needles covering a large display face. From the prominent radioactive mineral collection of Alain Caubel, of France.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",571,{"id":459,"source_url":460,"license_code":280,"credit_html":461,"title":462,"description":463,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":285},21327,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176776","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176776\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rutherfordine-Billietite-Uranophane-214939.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutherfordine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutherfordine\">Rutherfordine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBillietite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Billietite\">Billietite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.5 x 2.0 x 0.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here we have a small specimen from the Shinkolobwe Mine which is richly covered with dark beige Rutherfordine crystal clusters in fan shaped form and yellow Uranophane. Crystallized Rutherfordine of this quality is known pretty much only from this mine. On both sides there are several well defined orange Billietite crystals up to 1.5 mm. Shinkolobwe is the Type Locality for Billietite, a mine that is closed now for decades.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":465,"source_url":466,"license_code":280,"credit_html":467,"title":468,"description":469,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":285},16054,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176781","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176781\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Studtite-Uranophane-214952.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStudtite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Studtite\">Studtite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.6 x 2.2 x 1.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A small but extremely rich specimen of Uraninite covered with powdery, microcrystalline yellow Uranophane. On the Uranophane one can see a few straw yellow Studtite crystal clusters up to 4 mm in size. Shinkolobwe is the Type Locality for Studtite, a mine closed since decades.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":471,"source_url":472,"license_code":280,"credit_html":473,"title":474,"description":475,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":285},55582,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176787","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176787\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Studtite-Fourmarierite-Uranophane-214965.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStudtite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Studtite\">Studtite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFourmarierite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fourmarierite\">Fourmarierite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.8 x 2.2 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Although this is a small specimen of Uraninite it is well covered with Studtite sprays up to 3 mm on a bed of Uranophane with orange Fourmarierite. The contrast is amazing and helps to make this a significant, photogenic, Studtite specimen. Fourmarierite is best known as red pseudo-hexagonal crystals but also as orange needles or \"grains\". On this specimen it is seen as this orange form which is much rarer but mostly overseen or taken for Curite and thus mislabeled if ever it was found in some collections. Shinkolobwe is the Type Locality for the Studtite and the Fourmarierite, a mine closed since decades.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":477,"source_url":478,"license_code":280,"credit_html":479,"title":480,"description":481,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":482},84416,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10431277","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10431277\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Uranophane-sea15a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Jackpile Mine (Jackpile-Paguate), Laguna District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCibola_County,_New_Mexico\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cibola County, New Mexico\">Cibola County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_Mexico\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New Mexico\">New Mexico\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-33622.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.1 x 5.4 x 2.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uranophane on Calcite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rare example of beautifully crystallized, acicular uranophane from New Mexico. At first glance, this looks like the Canadian material. However, it is from a small and hard to get locality. Ex. John White Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",735,{"id":484,"source_url":485,"license_code":280,"credit_html":486,"title":487,"description":395,"author":488,"original_width":489,"original_height":490},72729,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15102166","Uranofan_Kowary.JPG: Piotr Sosnowski derivative work: Onegumas (talk), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15102166\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranofar Kowary Poland.jpg","Uranofan_Kowary.JPG: Piotr Sosnowski derivative work: Onegumas (talk)",1292,822,{"id":492,"source_url":493,"license_code":280,"credit_html":494,"title":495,"description":496,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":497},2218,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176382","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176382\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kamotoite-(Y)-Astrocyanite-(Ce)-Uranophane-180995.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKamotoite-(Y)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kamotoite-(Y)\">Kamotoite-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAstrocyanite-(Ce)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Astrocyanite-(Ce)\">Astrocyanite-(Ce)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kamoto East Open cut, Kamoto, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4311.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.8 x 4.7 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The kamotoite-(Y) are the vibrant yellow crystalline sprays with individual flat-laying crystals to 6 or 7 mm, accented by microcrystalline uranophane around their periphery and by a small bit of subcrystalline Astrocyanite-(Ce) (blue). TYPE LOCALITY for both Kamotoite-(Y) and Astrocyanite-(Ce).\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",682,{"id":499,"source_url":500,"license_code":280,"credit_html":501,"title":502,"description":503,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":285},2939,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176603","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176603\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Becquerelite-Uranophane-Uraninite-201143.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBecquerelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Becquerelite\">Becquerelite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5 x 4.5 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Shinkolobwe is the type locality for Becquerelite where it forms lathe-like, yellow to orange, flat-terminated crystals. Here the mineral is associated with Uranophane in very tiny needles. Sometimes the crystals cluster together like shown in the photo, and they reach on this specimen 5 mm. This is a good reference piece for a locality that is closed since more than 50 years.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":505,"source_url":506,"license_code":280,"credit_html":507,"title":508,"description":503,"author":284,"original_width":509,"original_height":336},2940,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176605","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176605\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Becquerelite-Uranophane-Uraninite-201144.jpg",577,{"id":359,"source_url":511,"license_code":280,"credit_html":512,"title":513,"description":456,"author":284,"original_width":514,"original_height":336},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176607","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176607\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Billietite-Uranophane-201154.jpg",754,{"id":516,"source_url":517,"license_code":280,"credit_html":518,"title":519,"description":520,"author":284,"original_width":321,"original_height":313},7014,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450146","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450146\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Demesmaekerite-Uranophane-jr-5a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDemesmaekerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Demesmaekerite\">Demesmaekerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.3 x 3.9 x 2.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Demesmaekerite with Uranophane (??)\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, unusually large Demesmaekerite crystals with micro-crystalline yellow mineral in association. (6 mm crystal). At a guess, the micro-sized acicular yellow crystals are almost certainly Uranophane but this has not been analyzed to prove it and they may be somethign more rare\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":522,"source_url":523,"license_code":280,"credit_html":524,"title":525,"description":469,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":285},16055,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176783","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176783\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Studtite-Uranophane-214953.jpg",{"id":527,"source_url":528,"license_code":280,"credit_html":529,"title":530,"description":463,"author":284,"original_width":329,"original_height":418},21326,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176775","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176775\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rutherfordine-Billietite-Uranophane-214938.jpg",{"id":532,"source_url":533,"license_code":534,"credit_html":535,"title":536,"description":537,"author":538,"original_width":539,"original_height":540},27089,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449283","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449283\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-β (Rössing Uranium Mine, Erongo, Namibia).jpg","Uranophane-β from Namibia. (Robert Lauf collection)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5700 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uranophane-β is a scarce hydrous calcium uranyl hydroxy-silicate mineral, Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O.  It has a glassy luster, a yellowish color, is moderately soft, and is radioactive.  Uranophane-β is a secondary uranium mineral that forms by alteration of uraninite (or other primary U minerals) in an oxidizing environment.  The original U+4 ions in uraninite get oxidized into U+6 and usually become incorporated into uranyl ions, (UO2)+2.  In the presence of water and calcium and silica, uranophane-β can form.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The uranophane-β sample shown above is from the Rössing Uranium Mine in Namibia, Africa.  Uraniferous granites are mined and processed for eventual use in nuclear power plants.  The host rocks for the uranium minerals at the Rössing Mine are sheeted leucogranites of early Middle Cambrian age (~508 Ma).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Rössing Uranium Mine, southeast of the town of Arandis, Erongo Region, western Namibia, southwestern Africa (vicinity of 22° 28' 41.00\" South latitude, 15° 03' 36.00\" East longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of uranophane-β:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4106\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Info. on the Rössing Uranium Mine:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3085.html\nand\nen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRössing_uranium_mine\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Host rock age info. from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nNex et al. (2002) - Fluid extraction from quartz in sheeted leucogranites as a monitor to styles of uranium mineralization: an example from the Rössing area, Namibia.  Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 2: 83-96.","James St. John",2388,2579,{"id":542,"source_url":543,"license_code":534,"credit_html":544,"title":545,"description":546,"author":538,"original_width":547,"original_height":548},27090,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449286","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167449286\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-β in leucogranite (Rössing Uranium Mine, Erongo, Namibia).jpg","Uranophane-β in a cavity in Cambrian leucogranite from Namibia. (Robert Lauf collection)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5700 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Uranophane-β is a scarce hydrous calcium uranyl hydroxy-silicate mineral, Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O.  It has a glassy luster, a yellowish color, is moderately soft, and is radioactive.  Uranophane-β is a secondary uranium mineral that forms by alteration of uraninite (or other primary U minerals) in an oxidizing environment.  The original U+4 ions in uraninite get oxidized into U+6 and usually become incorporated into uranyl ions, (UO2)+2.  In the presence of water and calcium and silica, uranophane-β can form.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The uranophane-β crystals shown above are from the Rössing Uranium Mine in Namibia, Africa.  Uraniferous granites are mined and processed for eventual use in nuclear power plants.  The host rocks for the uranium minerals at the Rössing Mine are sheeted leucogranites of early Middle Cambrian age (~508 Ma).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Rössing Uranium Mine, southeast of the town of Arandis, Erongo Region, western Namibia, southwestern Africa (vicinity of 22° 28' 41.00\" South latitude, 15° 03' 36.00\" East longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of uranophane-β:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4106\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Info. on the Rössing Uranium Mine:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3085.html\nand\nen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRössing_uranium_mine\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Host rock age info. from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nNex et al. (2002) - Fluid extraction from quartz in sheeted leucogranites as a monitor to styles of uranium mineralization: an example from the Rössing area, Namibia.  Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 2: 83-96.",2040,2551,{"id":550,"source_url":551,"license_code":280,"credit_html":552,"title":553,"description":554,"author":555,"original_width":556,"original_height":557},28737,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6851728","Zeunerit_und_Uranotil_auf_Rauchquarz_-_Bergen,_Vogtland.jpg: Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike) derivative work: Bubenik (talk), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6851728\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Zeunerit und Uranotil auf Rauchquarz - Bergen, Vogtland-Ausschnitt.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZeunerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zeunerite\">Zeunerite\u003C\u002Fa> kristals on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky quartz\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Bergen, Vogtland - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Zeunerit_und_Uranotil_auf_Rauchquarz_-_Bergen,_Vogtland.jpg: Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike) derivative work: Bubenik (talk)",459,303,{"id":559,"source_url":560,"license_code":561,"credit_html":562,"title":563,"description":564,"author":565,"original_width":566,"original_height":567},35302,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188100139","CC BY 3.0","Michael J Pabst, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188100139\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fourmarierite, Becquerelite, Uranophane, Studtite-725208.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFourmarierite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fourmarierite\">Fourmarierite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBecquerelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Becquerelite\">Becquerelite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStudtite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Studtite\">Studtite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 2.5 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine, Shinkolobwe, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Closeup of a vug in massive uraninite (not visible) containing a rare complete crystal of orange-red Fourmarierite, in a nest of secondary uranium minerals perhaps including yellow Becquerelite and Uranophane, and white Studtite. Four images, taken through a Bausch and Lomb Stereozoom 7 microscope, were stacked with CombineZP. This is an updated version that has improved sharpness produced by the new \"Auto Shake Reduction\" enhancement feature of Photoshop Elements, version 14.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Michael J Pabst",2334,2152,{"id":569,"source_url":570,"license_code":561,"credit_html":571,"title":572,"description":573,"author":565,"original_width":574,"original_height":575},35303,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188100143","Michael J Pabst, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188100143\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fourmarierite, Becquerelite, Uranophane, Studtite, Uraninite-725214.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFourmarierite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fourmarierite\">Fourmarierite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBecquerelite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Becquerelite\">Becquerelite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStudtite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Studtite\">Studtite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 15 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine, Shinkolobwe, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Zoom-out view of Fourmarierite specimen taken with a Minolta 50 mm MACRO lens. Red-orange Fourmarierite crystal in the center, surrounded by yellow Becquerelite and Uranophane, and by white Studtite on massive black Uraninite. Two photos stacked by CombineZP. Processed with Adobe Photoshop Elements version 14.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",2690,1902,{"id":577,"source_url":578,"license_code":280,"credit_html":579,"title":580,"description":581,"author":284,"original_width":514,"original_height":336},35814,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453825","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453825\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Billietite-Uranophane-mun08rad-02a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBillietite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Billietite\">Billietite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.9 x 3.9 x 2.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Billietite on Uranophane\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The mineral crystallizes here in bright yellow-orange transparent crystals of textbook shape, sub-mm but eye-visible, presented nicely on underlaying tufs of acicular Uranophane. Named after a prominent Belgian, who at the time were the leaders in mineralogy of this region as they helped develop it, this is a very rare specimen of billietite because of the sheer richness of the piece. Usually we see this mineral as specks on other minerals, in a limited coverage. Here, many crystals of sharp billietite, sub-mm but eye-visible, sit perched on acicular Uranophane needles covering a large display face! From the prominent radioactives collection of Alain Caubel, of France.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":583,"source_url":584,"license_code":280,"credit_html":585,"title":586,"description":581,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":457},35815,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453826","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453826\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Billietite-Uranophane-mun08rad-02b.jpg",{"id":588,"source_url":589,"license_code":280,"credit_html":590,"title":591,"description":592,"author":284,"original_width":313,"original_height":404},51450,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457517","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457517\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cuprosklodowskite-Uranophane-rads-27a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCuprosklodowskite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cuprosklodowskite\">Cuprosklodowskite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Musonoi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKolwezi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kolwezi\">Kolwezi\u003C\u002Fa>, Western area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4322.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 10.0 x 8.5 x 5.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uranophane with Cuprosklodowskite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A Large and colourful specimen with an unusual combination: bright yellow Uranophane crystals are filling a large vug of green Cuprosklodowskite crystals. Very interesting about this piece is that the Cuprosklodowskite crystals are partially imbedded in the Uranophane crystals and on some crystals, the green Cupro is passing THROUGH the terminations of the Uranophane crystals. Thus, this is not pseudomorphing, but growth together in the same pocket! At a close look, one can observe that many of the Cupro crystals are terminated, which is not often seen. This piece was recovered during the removal of the U-dump in the early 90�s. Musonoi has ceased producing minerals since then.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":594,"source_url":595,"license_code":280,"credit_html":596,"title":597,"description":475,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":598},55583,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176789","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176789\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Studtite-Fourmarierite-Uranophane-214966.jpg",612,{"id":600,"source_url":601,"license_code":280,"credit_html":602,"title":603,"description":604,"author":284,"original_width":313,"original_height":404},67217,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457532","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457532\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Studtite-Uranophane-rads-34b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStudtite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Studtite\">Studtite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FShinkolobwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Shinkolobwe\">Shinkolobwe\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4328.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 2.6 x 2.2 x 1.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Studtite on Uranophane\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A Small but extremely rich specimen of Uraninite covered with powdery, microcrystalline yellow Uranophane. On the Uranophane one can see a few straw yellow Studtite crystal clusters up to 4 mm in size. Shinkolobwe is the Type Locality for Studtite, a mine closed since decades. Valid , photogenic studtites are NOT common and so this is an extremely rare chance to own one for a good price range, that is something visibly interesting.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":606,"source_url":607,"license_code":280,"credit_html":608,"title":609,"description":610,"author":284,"original_width":336,"original_height":611},74433,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176567","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176567\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uranophane-Uraninite-199866.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Angel Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSierras_de_C%C3%B3rdoba\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sierras de Córdoba\">Sierra de Córdoba\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FC%C3%B3rdoba\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Córdoba\">Córdoba\u003C\u002Fa>, Argentina (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-193773.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.9 x 3.8 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Relatively sharp pseudomorphed crystals to about 1 cm, of Uranophane pseudo. Uraninite from this unusual location. Nice for the replacement from any locality. Ex. Philadelphia Academy of Sciences Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",761,{"id":613,"source_url":614,"license_code":280,"credit_html":615,"title":616,"description":617,"author":284,"original_width":618,"original_height":313},74436,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456492","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456492\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Uraninite-Uranophane-pas-34b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUraninite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uraninite\">Uraninite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane - alpha\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina \"Angel\", Sierra de Cordoba, Punilla Department, C�rdoba, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.9 x 3.8 x 2.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Uranophane pseudo. Uraninite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Relatively sharp pseudomorphed crystals to about 1 cm, of Uranophane pseudo. Uraninite from this unusual location. Nice for the replacement from any locality, too!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",372,{"id":620,"source_url":621,"license_code":280,"credit_html":622,"title":623,"description":624,"author":625,"original_width":626,"original_height":627},87037,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6760266","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6760266\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Zeunerit und Uranotil auf Rauchquarz - Bergen, Vogtland.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZeunerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zeunerite\">Zeunerite\u003C\u002Fa> Kristalle und \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUranophane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Uranophane\">Uranophane\u003C\u002Fa> auf \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky quartz\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Bergen, Vogtland - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",1700,1300,[],[630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640],"Alpha-Uranotile","Lambertit","Lambertite","Uranophan-alpha","Uranophan-α","Uranophane-a","Uranophane-alpha","Uranophane-α","Uranotil","Uranotile","α-Uranotile",[642,647,652,657,662,666,670,673,677,682,686,689,693,696,699,702,705,709,713],{"lang":643,"names":644},"ca",[645,646],"uranofana","uranofana-α",{"lang":648,"names":649},"de",[650,651,634,638],"Uranophan","Uranophan-Alpha",{"lang":653,"names":654},"es",[655,656],"Uranofana","uranofano",{"lang":658,"names":659},"et",[660,661],"uranofaan","uranofaan-α",{"lang":663,"names":664},"eu",[665],"Uranofano",{"lang":667,"names":668},"fi",[669],"Uranofaani",{"lang":671,"names":672},"fr",[7],{"lang":674,"names":675},"id",[676],"Uranofan",{"lang":678,"names":679},"it",[680,665,681],"Uranofane","uranophane-α",{"lang":683,"names":684},"ja",[685],"ウラノフェン",{"lang":687,"names":688},"nl",[660],{"lang":690,"names":691},"nn",[692],"uranofan",{"lang":694,"names":695},"pl",[676],{"lang":697,"names":698},"pt",[656],{"lang":700,"names":701},"pt-br",[656],{"lang":703,"names":704},"sl",[676],{"lang":706,"names":707},"ta",[708],"யுரேனோஃபேன்",{"lang":710,"names":711},"uk",[712],"Уранофан",{"lang":714,"names":715},"zh",[716],"矽鈣鈾礦","Q423494",{"history":719,"applications":723},{"markdown":720,"model_version":721,"prompt_version":722,"reviewed_at":11},"The name says, almost apologetically, that this is something uranium-like. It joins *uran*, for uranium, to the Greek *phainein* — to appear[1]. The early chemists could not pin down its exact composition, so they named it for what it merely seemed to be.\n\nThat naming came in 1853, from the German mineralogist Christian Friedrich Martin Websky[2]. The bright yellow crystals plainly held uranium, but their full make-up — a calcium uranium silicate carrying water — stayed uncertain for some time. The name records that uncertainty rather than papering over it.\n\nFor most of its history the mineral wore a longer label. It was called uranophane-α, to set it apart from uranophane-β, a near-twin built from the same chemistry in a different crystal arrangement[3]. The two are dimorphs — same recipe, different internal packing — and they often turn up in the same deposits[4]. In 2022 the International Mineralogical Association dropped the suffix and let the plain name stand for both the species and its common form[3]. An older name, uranotile, still appears in some literature[5].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":724,"model_version":721,"prompt_version":722,"reviewed_at":11},"No one mines uranophane for power. The uranium that drives reactors comes from primary minerals such as uraninite and its dense form pitchblende[1]. Uranophane is a latecomer, forming when those primary minerals weather and oxidise[2]. Where it gathers in quantity it can serve as a local ore of uranium[3], but it never carries the trade the primary minerals do.\n\nIts real value to industry is as a signpost. Bright yellow and easy to spot, it forms in the oxidised upper reaches of uranium deposits[2]. A prospector who finds the yellow crust has good reason to believe primary uranium minerals lie below. The mineral is also the chief component of the soft yellow alteration crusts called *yellow gummites*, themselves a mix of secondary uranium silicates[4].\n\nBeyond the field, it is mostly a specimen. Collectors and museums keep it for its colour and its fine needle-like crystals, often grouped in sheaves[5]. It must be handled with care. Like other uranium minerals it is radioactive[6], and it dissolves in acid while giving off radon — a radioactive gas[7]. Sealed storage and no handling of dust are the sensible rules; the mineral is a uranium and heavy-metal hazard, not a thing to keep loose on a shelf."]