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Usually with smooth faces and sharp edges;  sometimes cavernous, also acicular, hairlike, fibrous, rounded, globular, skeletalized. \r\n\r\nCrystals may exhibit concentric zones of varying composition.",2.5,3,"6.88","6.95","Density decreases with the substitution of Ca for Pb; reported values range between ~6.5 to 7.1.","Sub-resinous to sub-adamantine","Sub-Adamantine,Resinous","Translucent","White to pale yellow and light brownish yellow","Orange-red, red-brown, brown, bright red, yellow, whitish; pale straw-yellow; colourless or weakly tinted in transmitted light.","May exhibit zoned colouration due to varying composition.",[56,57,58,59,60,61],"red","orange","brown","yellow","white","colorless",[60,59,58],"None Observed","Irregular\u002FUneven","brittle","Uniaxial","-","2.416","2.35",2.35,2.416,"Weak","Visible in tinted material in transmitted light.","Heated in a closed tube, decrepitates and gives a faint white sublimate. Before the blowpipe fuses easily.","Readily soluble in HNO3 to a yellow solution; soluble in HCl to a green solution with the deposition of lead chloride.","A secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of lead bearing deposits.","No designated type material.","Apatite Group. Apatite Supergroup. The vanadate analogue of Mimetite and Pyromorphite. Forms a solid solution series toward Mimetite (in nature up to approximately V:As = 1:1 - Mimetite-Vanadinite Series) and a complete series with Pyromorphite. Baker ...","The name reflects its vanadium content.","2026-03-28 17:41:23",[82],{"id":83,"name":84,"entrytype":42,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":85,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":86},1382,"Arsenic-bearing 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3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","LaCu\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.65","3.62",367,{"id":193,"name":194,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":196,"mindat_formula":197,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"dmeas":198,"dcalc":199,"primary_image_id":200},233,"Anglesite","Orthorhombic","Pb(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","PbSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","6.37","6.36",1430,{"id":202,"name":203,"entrytype":9,"csystem":204,"ima_formula":205,"mindat_formula":205,"hmin":105,"hmax":92,"dmeas":206,"dcalc":207,"primary_image_id":208},749,"Brackebuschite","Monoclinic","Pb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","6.05","6.11",3763,{"id":210,"name":211,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":212,"mindat_formula":213,"hmin":45,"hmax":131,"dmeas":214,"dcalc":215,"primary_image_id":216},934,"Cerussite","Pb(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","PbCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","6.53","6.558",5045,{"id":218,"name":219,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":220,"mindat_formula":220,"hmin":45,"hmax":131,"dmeas":221,"dcalc":222,"primary_image_id":223},1267,"Descloizite","PbZn(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","6.2","6.202",7074,{"id":225,"name":226,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":227,"mindat_formula":227,"hmin":228,"hmax":42,"dmeas":229,"dcalc":230,"primary_image_id":231},2037,"Iodargyrite","AgI",1.5,"5.69","5.709",12267,{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":143,"mindat_formula":143,"hmin":131,"hmax":105,"dmeas":144,"dcalc":145,"primary_image_id":146},{"id":234,"name":235,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":236,"mindat_formula":236,"hmin":45,"hmax":131,"dmeas":237,"dcalc":238,"primary_image_id":239},2792,"Mottramite","PbCu(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","5.9","6.187",49891,{"id":241,"name":242,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":243,"mindat_formula":244,"hmin":131,"hmax":131,"dmeas":245,"dcalc":246,"primary_image_id":247},3315,"Pyrobelonite","PbMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","PbMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","5.58","5.82",20255,{"id":158,"name":159,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":160,"hmin":131,"hmax":105,"dmeas":161,"dcalc":162,"primary_image_id":163},{"id":250,"name":251,"entrytype":9,"csystem":252,"ima_formula":253,"mindat_formula":253,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"dmeas":254,"dcalc":255,"primary_image_id":256},3794,"Stolzite","Tetragonal","Pb(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","8.34","8.408",22981,{"id":258,"name":259,"entrytype":9,"csystem":252,"ima_formula":260,"mindat_formula":261,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"dmeas":262,"dcalc":46,"primary_image_id":263},4322,"Wulfenite","PbMoO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Pb(MoO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","6.5",30992,[265,266],{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":143,"mindat_formula":143,"hmin":131,"hmax":105,"dmeas":144,"dcalc":145,"primary_image_id":146},{"id":158,"name":159,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":160,"hmin":131,"hmax":105,"dmeas":161,"dcalc":162,"primary_image_id":163},[268],{"id":269,"txt":270,"latitude":271,"longitude":272,"country":273},2331,"Zimapán, Zimapán Municipality, Hidalgo, Mexico",20.75,-99.35,"Mexico",594,[276,280,284,288,292,296,299,303,306,309,313,317,320,324,329,334,339,342,346,351,354,358,362,366,369,372,376,381,385,389,393,397,401,404,408,412,417,422,426,430,434,439],{"id":277,"year":278,"html":279,"doi":11},16126975,1807,"Brongniart, A. (1807) Traité élémentaire de minéralogie, 2 volumes, 8vo, Paris: 2: 204 (as Chromate de plomb brun).",{"id":281,"year":282,"html":283,"doi":11},16126976,1833,"Rose, G. (1833) Ueber das Vanadinbleierz von Beresow im Ural. Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 29: 455-458 (as Vanadinbleierz).",{"id":285,"year":286,"html":287,"doi":11},12962122,1838,"von Kobell, Franz (1838) \u003Ci>Grundzüge der Mineralogie: Grundzüge der Mineralogie: zum Gebrauche bey Vorlesungen, sowie zum Selbststudium Entworfen\u003C\u002Fi>. Johann Leonard Schrag. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb__y8-AAAAcAAJ\u002Fbub_gb__y8-AAAAcAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":289,"year":290,"html":291,"doi":11},16126978,1856,"Kenngott, A. (1856) Bemerkungen über die Zusammensetzung des Vanadinit (Comments on the composition of vanadinite). Annalen der Physik: 175(9): 95-101.",{"id":293,"year":294,"html":295,"doi":11},16107418,1880,"Rammelsberg, C. (1880) Ueber die vanadinerze aus dem Staat Córdoba in Argentinien. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft: 32: 708-713.",{"id":297,"year":294,"html":298,"doi":11},16126979,"Vrba, C. (1880) Vanadinit von der Obir in Kärnten. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 4: 353-357.",{"id":300,"year":301,"html":302,"doi":11},16126980,1881,"Frenzel (1881) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 3: 505.",{"id":304,"year":301,"html":305,"doi":11},16126981,"Silliman, B. (1881) Mineralogical Notes, Vanadinite and other vanadates, wulfenite, crocoite, vaquelinite, etc from Arizona. American Journal of Science: 22: 198-205.",{"id":307,"year":301,"html":308,"doi":11},16126982,"Websky, M. (1881) Ueber Descloizit und Vanadinit aus La Plata. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials: 5(6): 542-553.",{"id":310,"year":311,"html":312,"doi":11},16126983,1883,"Döring (1883) Bol. ac. cienc. Córdoba: 5: 498.",{"id":314,"year":315,"html":316,"doi":11},16126984,1885,"Genth, F.A., vom Rath, G. (1885) Contributions from the Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania. No. XXIII. On the Vanadates and Iodyrite, From Lake Valley, Sierra Co., New Mexico. \u003Ci>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  22. 363-375",{"id":318,"year":315,"html":319,"doi":11},16126985,"Genth, F.A., vom Rath, G. (1885) Ueber Vanadate und Jodsilber von Lake Valley, Donna Anna County, New Mexico. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie-Crystalline Materials: 10(1-6): 458-474.",{"id":321,"year":322,"html":323,"doi":11},16126986,1886,"Penfield, S.L. (1886) Crystallized vanadinite from Arizona and New Mexico. American Journal of Science: 32: 441-443.",{"id":325,"year":326,"html":327,"doi":328},102519,1900,"Goldschmidt, V. (1900) Ueber Vanadinit (Endlichit) von Hillsboro', New Mexico. \u003Ci>eitschrift für Krystallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  32 (1). 561-578 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1900.32.1.561'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1900.32.1.561\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1900.32.1.561",{"id":330,"year":331,"html":332,"doi":333},4677,1903,"Bowman, H. L. (1903) Note on the Refrative Indices of Pyromorphite, Mimetite, and Vanadinite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (62) 324-329 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1903.013.62.04'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1903.013.62.04\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_13\u002F13-62-324.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1903.013.62.04",{"id":335,"year":336,"html":337,"doi":338},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":340,"year":336,"html":341,"doi":11},16126989,"Wagner, P.A., Marchand, B, de C. (1921) A new occurrence of vanadinite in the Marico district, Transvaal. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa: 23: 59-63.",{"id":343,"year":344,"html":345,"doi":11},4468631,1923,"(1923) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 9 - Text - Band IX - Trechmannit-Zoisit und Nachträge. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":347,"year":348,"html":349,"doi":350},400304,1924,"Barthoux, J. (1924) Description de quelques minéraux marocains. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  47 (3) 36-45 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1924.3928'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1924.3928\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1924.3928",{"id":352,"year":348,"html":353,"doi":11},16126993,"Hintze, C. (1924) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 618.",{"id":355,"year":356,"html":357,"doi":11},16126994,1926,"Comucci (1926) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome. Att., [6]: 3: 335.",{"id":359,"year":360,"html":361,"doi":11},16121038,1931,"Lietz, J. (1931) The pyromorphite-mimetite-vanadinite group. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 77: 437-498.",{"id":363,"year":364,"html":365,"doi":11},16105633,1932,"Hendricks, Jefferson, and Mosley (1932) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 81: 352.",{"id":367,"year":364,"html":368,"doi":11},16126996,"Moreno, M.F. (1932) The chemical composition of Spanish vanadinite. Anales de la Sociedad Española de Física y Química: 30: 337-383.",{"id":370,"year":364,"html":371,"doi":11},16126997,"Longchambon, L., longchambon, H. (1932) Sur la vanadinite D'Herival (Vosges). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences: 195(26): 1397-1398.",{"id":373,"year":374,"html":375,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":377,"year":378,"html":379,"doi":380},3961,1956,"Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1956) New occurrences of vanadium minerals (mottramite, descloizite, and vanadinite) in the Caldbeck area of Cumberland. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  31 (235) 289-295 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1956.031.235.02'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1956.031.235.02\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_31\u002F31-235-289.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1956.031.235.02",{"id":382,"year":383,"html":384,"doi":11},19426810,1958,"Trotter, James; Barnes, William Howard (1958) The structure of vanadinite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  6 (2). 161-173 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rruff.net\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol6\u002FCM6_161.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":386,"year":387,"html":388,"doi":11},19436485,1962,"Barnes, W. H. (1962) The X-ray diffraction powder pattern of vanadinite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (2). 301-306",{"id":390,"year":391,"html":392,"doi":11},524605,1966,"Baker, W. E. (1966) An x-ray diffraction study of synthetic members of the pyromorphite series. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  51 (11-12) 1712-1721 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM51\u002FAM51_1712.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":394,"year":395,"html":396,"doi":11},524742,1967,"Rahden, Herbert V. R. Von, Dicks, Lynton W. R. (1967) Descloizite, mottramite, and vanadinite from South West Africa: an infrared and X-ray study. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  52 (7-8) 1067-1076 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM52\u002FAM52_1067.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":398,"year":399,"html":400,"doi":11},528761,1989,"Vassilikou-dova, A. B., Lehmann, Gerhard (1989) Four-valent vanadium in vanadinite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (9-10) 1182-1185 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM74\u002FAM74_1182.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":402,"year":399,"html":403,"doi":11},16902925,"Dai, Y., Hughes, J. M. (1989) Crystal-structure refinements of vanadinite and pyromorphite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  27 (2) 189-192 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM27_189.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":405,"year":406,"html":407,"doi":11},16294305,1995,"Cuchet, S., Graeser, S., Meisser, N., Röhrnbauer, H., Weiss, S.  (1995): Vanadinit – ein ungewöhnliches Kluftmineral aus den Alpen. Lapis 20 (9), 37-41.",{"id":409,"year":410,"html":411,"doi":11},16771790,2000,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2000) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4 - Arsenates, phosphates, vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":413,"year":414,"html":415,"doi":416},10559820,2002,"Shannon, Robert D., Shannon, Ruth C., Medenbach, Olaf, Fischer, Reinhard X. (2002) Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides. \u003Ci>Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data\u003C\u002Fi>,  31 (4) 931-970 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.1497384'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.1497384\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.1497384",{"id":418,"year":419,"html":420,"doi":421},2422767,2003,"Frost, Ray L., Crane, Martin, Williams, Peter A., Theo Kloprogge, J. (2003) Isomorphic substitution in vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl]?a Raman spectroscopic study. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 34 (3). 214-220 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.978'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.978\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.978",{"id":423,"year":424,"html":425,"doi":11},16967927,2005,"(2005) Vanadinite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fvanadinite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":427,"year":428,"html":429,"doi":11},16693692,2006,"Laufek, F., Skála, R., Haloda, J., Cisařová, I. (2006) Crystal structure of vanadinite: Refinement of anisotropic displacement parameters. \u003Ci>Journal of the Czech Geological Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  51 (3-4) 271-275 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jgeosci.org\u002Fcontent\u002FJCGS2006_3-4__laufek.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":431,"year":428,"html":432,"doi":433},12411604,"Masaoka, Mikio, Kyono, Atsushi (2006) Single crystal growth of lead vanado-chlorapatite Pb5(VO4)3Cl using CsCl flux method. \u003Ci>Materials Letters\u003C\u002Fi>, 60. 3922-3926 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2006.05.037'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2006.05.037\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2006.05.037",{"id":435,"year":436,"html":437,"doi":438},397315,2013,"Okudera, H. (2013) Relationships among channel topology and atomic displacements in the structures of Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl with B = P (pyromorphite), V (vanadinite), and As (mimetite) \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  98 (8) 1573-1579 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4417'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4417\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4417",{"id":440,"year":441,"html":442,"doi":443},13421441,2021,"Liu, Yingxin, Dai, Liyun, Lai, Xiaojing, Zhu, Feng, Zhang, Dongzhou, Hu, Yi, Tkachev, Sergey, Chen, Bin (2021) Phase Transitions in Natural Vanadinite at High Pressures. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 11 (11) 1217 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin11111217'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin11111217\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F11\u002F11\u002F1217\u002Fpdf?version=1636087548' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin11111217",[445,455,462,471,476,485,489,499,507,514,521,530,539,546,554,561,568,577,585,594,603,612,619,626,633,640,649,654,659,667,674,680,685,690,695,700,705,710,719,726,732],{"id":446,"source_url":447,"license_code":448,"credit_html":449,"title":450,"description":451,"author":452,"original_width":453,"original_height":454},27233,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87315788","CC BY 4.0","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=87315788\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite Mibladen MNHN Minéralogie.jpg","Vanadinite from Mibladen, Midelt province, Morocco. Gallery of Mineralogy and Geology of the French National Museum of Natural History in Paris","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",4500,3601,{"id":456,"source_url":457,"license_code":458,"credit_html":459,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":460,"original_height":461},30913,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65321","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65321\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,750,{"id":463,"source_url":464,"license_code":458,"credit_html":465,"title":466,"description":467,"author":468,"original_width":469,"original_height":470},27234,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99758989","Ivar Leidus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99758989\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite - ACF mine, Mibladen, Morocco.jpg","Cluster of reddish brown tabular vanadinite crystals up to 1.8 cm in size (4.0 × 2.5 × 2.3 cm). Found from ACF mine, Mibladen, Morocco","Ivar Leidus",7167,5000,{"id":472,"source_url":473,"license_code":458,"credit_html":474,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":460,"original_height":475},30914,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61131","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61131\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",687,{"id":477,"source_url":478,"license_code":458,"credit_html":479,"title":480,"description":481,"author":482,"original_width":483,"original_height":484},27235,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129539926","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129539926\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, Mibladen, Morocco-8793.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Mibladen, Morocco","Raimond Spekking",5445,4084,{"id":486,"source_url":487,"license_code":458,"credit_html":488,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":460,"original_height":461},30915,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61765","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61765\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":490,"source_url":491,"license_code":492,"credit_html":493,"title":494,"description":495,"author":496,"original_width":497,"original_height":498},84764,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137694","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137694\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-71139.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: J.C. Holmes Mine (J.C. Holmes claims), Temporal Gulch area, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPatagonia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Patagonia\">Patagonia\u003C\u002Fa>, Wrightson District, Santa Rita Mts, Santa Cruz County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3345.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A richly covered and showy plate of gemmy, translucent, orange-brown vanadinite crystals to 4 mm on quartz matrix from the J.C. Holmes Mine of Arizona. Minor periphery damage is certainly not detracting from this excellent, old-time piece. Self-collected by well-known Los Angeles collector Charlie Freed over 20 years ago. 8.2 x 6.8 x 2.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",567,600,{"id":500,"source_url":501,"license_code":458,"credit_html":502,"title":503,"description":504,"author":482,"original_width":505,"original_height":506},27236,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129625741","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129625741\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite. Taouz, Morocco-8878.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Taouz, Morocco",5735,4301,{"id":508,"source_url":509,"license_code":458,"credit_html":510,"title":511,"description":504,"author":482,"original_width":512,"original_height":513},27237,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129625745","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129625745\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite. Taouz, Morocco-8879.jpg",5252,3939,{"id":515,"source_url":516,"license_code":492,"credit_html":517,"title":518,"description":519,"author":496,"original_width":498,"original_height":520},84766,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142222","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142222\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-136084.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Melba Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGila_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gila County, Arizona\">Gila County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-158636.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.7 x 7.4 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>When was the last time you saw a Melba Mine vanadinite? They are just NOT around. This one was in the inventory of an old Arizona rock shop, and turned up as one of those flukes. Like most specimens from here, the crystals are small, but very sparkly, with bright orange-to-red tones. One entire face of this specimen is covered with these drusy crystals.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",481,{"id":522,"source_url":523,"license_code":458,"credit_html":524,"title":525,"description":526,"author":527,"original_width":528,"original_height":529},27238,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129701073","Kaethe17, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129701073\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinit.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Weight: 598,4 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Old Yuma Mine, Pima County, Arizona, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Kaethe17",5024,3350,{"id":531,"source_url":532,"license_code":458,"credit_html":533,"title":534,"description":535,"author":536,"original_width":537,"original_height":538},27239,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157330829","TheFurther21, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157330829\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite 2912.jpg","Cluster of vanadinite crystals from Mibladen, Morocco. Approximately 5×4.5 cm.","TheFurther21",8192,5464,{"id":540,"source_url":541,"license_code":492,"credit_html":542,"title":543,"description":544,"author":496,"original_width":498,"original_height":545},84767,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155347","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155347\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-191728.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mibladene (Mibladén; Mibladan; Miblanden), Upper Moulouya lead district, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMidelt\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Midelt\">Midelt\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKh%C3%A9nifra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Khénifra Province\">Khénifra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-20764.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.2 x 2.9 x 1.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine miniature of very lustrous crystals of vanadinite - there are two large parallel crystals here measuring 1.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",441,{"id":547,"source_url":548,"license_code":492,"credit_html":549,"title":550,"description":551,"author":496,"original_width":552,"original_height":553},84769,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10419899","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10419899\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-rom32c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Apex Mine, Trout Creek District (Johnson Peak District), Deep Creek Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJuab_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Juab County, Utah\">Juab County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-38062.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 9 x 8.6 x 5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The San Carlos (Apex) Mine is a small, relatively unknown locality to many collectors. Yet, for brief periods in the early 1900s and again in the 1930s-1952, it produced some of the finest vanadinite in the Southwest (more information can be found in the MEXICO V issue of the Mineralogical Record). Most are small pieces, and many are lost to the damages of time. A cabinet specimen like this should be considered extremely rare. This is a very aesthetic cluster of branching crystals, arranged like a flower with larger crystals to 2 cm forming a core cluster, right in the middle. It has habit, color, and a flowing style that clearly stands out from pieces found at other vanadinite locales. This specimen from the Dr Miguel Romero collection was exchanged out of the Romero collection to a fellow collector, before the remainder of the Romero collection went on loan exhibition to the University of Arizona Museum. Romero traded it to Evan Jones, a fellow collector of Mexican classics, in the early 1990s. I obtained it from Evan by exchange in 2007, apart from my impending purchase of the Romero collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",768,800,{"id":555,"source_url":556,"license_code":492,"credit_html":557,"title":558,"description":559,"author":496,"original_width":560,"original_height":553},84770,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10475049","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10475049\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-2vana28.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mibladen Mine, Mibladene (Mibladén; Mibladan; Miblanden), Upper Moulouya lead district, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMidelt\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Midelt\">Midelt\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKh%C3%A9nifra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Khénifra Province\">Khénifra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2396.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 9 x 7 x 7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Rising up from a triangular-shaped natrual pedestal of matrix is a huge, statuesque, mound of intergrown, brick-reddish vanadinite crystals to 1.7 cm across. This assemblage of robust barrel-shaped crystals exhibits fairly uniform dark brick-red color and moderate if not highest lustre, although the front-facing faces are more lustrous than side faces. The back is complete nd the whole piece is wonderfully 3-dimensional, like a spreading bush of brick-red, fat vanadinite crystals. The color is darker than most others of the pocket, but still attractive. It sits up (and photographs) dramatically, as if the crystals are coming out at you. Rarely do you see so much pristine, large, crystallized vanadinites piled up in one place before! But this tree-like specimen on matrix really does impress. Joe Budd photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",533,{"id":562,"source_url":563,"license_code":492,"credit_html":564,"title":565,"description":566,"author":496,"original_width":553,"original_height":567},84771,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10475248","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10475248\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-v0912d.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mibladen Mine, Mibladene (Mibladén; Mibladan; Miblanden), Upper Moulouya lead district, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMidelt\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Midelt\">Midelt\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKh%C3%A9nifra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Khénifra Province\">Khénifra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2396.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.8 x 3.3 x 3.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A lustrous, complete-all-around , miniature-sized cluster of 3-dimensional crystals. The side edges have yellow-orange flashes of internal gemminess that are striking. As with much of this pocket, the backside is covered by an oriented secondary growth of powdery brown vanadinite. Xls to 2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",792,{"id":569,"source_url":570,"license_code":458,"credit_html":571,"title":572,"description":573,"author":574,"original_width":575,"original_height":576},84772,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12436369","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12436369\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Maroc - Vanadinite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa> on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fpyrolusite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:pyrolusite\">pyrolusite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Taouz, Er Rachidia Province, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size of view : 5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",5106,3804,{"id":578,"source_url":579,"license_code":492,"credit_html":580,"title":581,"description":582,"author":574,"original_width":583,"original_height":584},84773,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12436800","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12436800\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mibladene Vanadinite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mibladene (Mibladén; Mibladan; Miblanden), Upper Moulouya lead district, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMidelt\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Midelt\">Midelt\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKh%C3%A9nifra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Khénifra Province\">Khénifra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9x6x5.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",5740,3935,{"id":586,"source_url":587,"license_code":458,"credit_html":588,"title":589,"description":590,"author":591,"original_width":592,"original_height":593},84774,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=38414578","Photo by and (c)2015 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=38414578\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite Specimen 36 1.JPG","Photo of Vanadinite. It was taken at the Delaware Museum of Natural History and is listed as specimen #36.","Photo by and (c)2015 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man)",4545,3288,{"id":595,"source_url":596,"license_code":492,"credit_html":597,"title":598,"description":599,"author":600,"original_width":601,"original_height":602},84776,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129781942","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129781942\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite (OM1-311).JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinit\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Vanadinit\">Vanadinit\u003C\u002Fa> auf Matrix\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Fundort: Mibladen, Marokko\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Kamera und Fototechnik: Erstellt mit \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOM_System_OM-1\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:OM System OM-1\">Olympus OM-1\u003C\u002Fa> und dem integrierten, automatischen Focus Stacking (15 Bilder)\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","HolDu",4559,3664,{"id":604,"source_url":605,"license_code":492,"credit_html":606,"title":607,"description":608,"author":609,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},11547,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6273756","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6273756\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, hollandite, calcite 2.jpg","vanadinite, hollandite, calcite : Taouz Er Rachidia Province, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco","Géry PARENT",4288,2848,{"id":613,"source_url":614,"license_code":492,"credit_html":615,"title":616,"description":617,"author":496,"original_width":618,"original_height":498},84763,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10134853","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10134853\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-Calcite-52813.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: San Carlos Mine (Apex mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Carlos\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Carlos\">San Carlos\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FManuel_Benavides_(municipality)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Manuel Benavides (municipality)\">Municipio de Manuel Benavides\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chihuahua\">Chihuahua\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-9619.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Looking more like a pyromorphite specimen, this vanadinite not only has hopper growth, but, multiple terminations. It is highly lustrous with a brownish-green hue and is wreathed at the bottom by colorless calcite crystals. Truly special and aesthetic! 3 x 1.6 x 1.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",551,{"id":620,"source_url":621,"license_code":492,"credit_html":622,"title":623,"description":624,"author":496,"original_width":498,"original_height":625},84765,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139523","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139523\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-Goethite-119086.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGoethite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Goethite\">Goethite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Taouz, Er Rachidia Province, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2395.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.3 x 4.8 x 4.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Very appealing specimen of lustrous orange-red Vanadinites resting on contrasting grey-black Goethite. The largest is .9 cm. The Vanadinites are quite gemmy, and they have the gorgeous orange-red caps on top of the gemmy portion that we have seen only in the specimens from this one lot. These Vanadinites on Goethite have become classics because of the beautiful contrast, but these with the caps are even more desirable. Very aesthetic and attractive all the way around. Ex. Steve Smale Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",526,{"id":627,"source_url":628,"license_code":492,"credit_html":629,"title":630,"description":631,"author":496,"original_width":498,"original_height":632},52110,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149391","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149391\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Descloizite-Vanadinite-168829.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDescloizite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Descloizite\">Descloizite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Aurora Mine, Cuchillo Parado, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovilh%C3%A3\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covilhã\">Municipio de Coyame\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chihuahua\">Chihuahua\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-9114.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.7 x 3.6 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An UNUSUAL and VERY SHOWY pseudomorph of intensely sparkly, brown descloiszite pseudomorphing elongated vanadinite prisims from the less well-known Aurora Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico. The nest of smaller crystals is \"protected\" by a crude \"fence\" of descloizite \"branches.\" A unique-looking and unusual, two-sided pseudo resting on a bit of gossan matrix. There are even a few calcite rhombs perched atop the fence posts.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",461,{"id":634,"source_url":635,"license_code":492,"credit_html":636,"title":637,"description":638,"author":639,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},59452,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047426","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047426\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite sur barytine 5.jpg","vanadinite, baryte, hollandite : Mibladen Mine, Mibladane (Mibladén ; Mibladan ; Miblanden), Aouli, Upper Moulouya lead District, Midelt, Khénifra Province, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco","Parent Géry",{"id":641,"source_url":642,"license_code":458,"credit_html":643,"title":644,"description":645,"author":646,"original_width":647,"original_height":648},84775,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=112158501","Klaproth, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=112158501\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Single crystal yellow vanadinite on goethite Taouz.jpg","Single yellow vanadinite crystal on botryodial goethite from taouz, Morocco (crystal size about 3 mm)","Klaproth",1150,1573,{"id":650,"source_url":651,"license_code":492,"credit_html":652,"title":653,"description":608,"author":609,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},11546,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6273723","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6273723\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, hollandite, calcite.jpg",{"id":655,"source_url":656,"license_code":492,"credit_html":657,"title":658,"description":608,"author":609,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},11548,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7228192","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7228192\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, hollandite, calcite 1.jpg",{"id":660,"source_url":661,"license_code":492,"credit_html":662,"title":663,"description":664,"author":496,"original_width":665,"original_height":666},52116,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169511","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169511\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Descloizite-Vanadinite-261817.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDescloizite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Descloizite\">Descloizite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Aurora Mine, Cuchillo Parado, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovilh%C3%A3\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covilhã\">Municipio de Coyame\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chihuahua\">Chihuahua\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-9114.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11.4 x 7.2 x 4.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An unusual and fine cabinet pseudomorph of intensely sparkly, rust-red descloiszite pseudomorphing elongated vanadinite prisms from the less well-known Aurora Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico. The vuggy, sculptural gossan matrix is filled with prisms in a jackstraw pattern up to 1.8 cm long (some curved).\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",309,400,{"id":668,"source_url":669,"license_code":492,"credit_html":670,"title":671,"description":672,"author":496,"original_width":666,"original_height":673},59450,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10170445","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10170445\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-Baryte-Hollandite-267006.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHollandite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hollandite\">Hollandite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: El Kwal, Mibladene (Mibladén; Mibladan; Miblanden), Upper Moulouya lead district, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMidelt\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Midelt\">Midelt\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKh%C3%A9nifra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Khénifra Province\">Khénifra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-12255.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 14.3 x 9.6 x 7.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Beautifully gemmy and lustrous, cherry-red, tabular vanadinite prisms to 6 mm are richly sprinkled on the cabinet matrix of solid baryte. The coating of black hollandite on the baryte blades is a stark contrast to the red vanadinites and snow-white baryte. These vanadinite have the color and gemminess of fine spinel crystals, but are not. This showy and excellent large piece is from the much less well-known El Kwal deposit near Mibladen. Ex. Daniel Trinchillo Sr. Collection. This piece probably dates to the 1970s or 1980s.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",354,{"id":675,"source_url":676,"license_code":492,"credit_html":677,"title":678,"description":638,"author":639,"original_width":679,"original_height":611},59451,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047425","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047425\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite sur barytine 3.jpg",4192,{"id":681,"source_url":682,"license_code":492,"credit_html":683,"title":684,"description":638,"author":639,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},59453,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047427","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047427\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite sur barytine 4.jpg",{"id":686,"source_url":687,"license_code":492,"credit_html":688,"title":689,"description":638,"author":639,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},59454,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047431","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047431\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite sur barytine 8.jpg",{"id":691,"source_url":692,"license_code":492,"credit_html":693,"title":694,"description":638,"author":639,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},59455,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047432","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=18047432\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite sur barytine 7.jpg",{"id":696,"source_url":697,"license_code":492,"credit_html":698,"title":699,"description":638,"author":639,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},59457,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22076163","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22076163\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, barytine.jpeg",{"id":701,"source_url":702,"license_code":492,"credit_html":703,"title":704,"description":638,"author":639,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},59458,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22076169","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22076169\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, barytine 3.jpeg",{"id":706,"source_url":707,"license_code":492,"credit_html":708,"title":709,"description":638,"author":609,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},59459,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23272098","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23272098\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, baryte, hollandite.jpg",{"id":711,"source_url":712,"license_code":458,"credit_html":713,"title":714,"description":715,"author":716,"original_width":717,"original_height":718},59461,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=73093551","Bramfab, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=73093551\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","MI S N Minerali (24).jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinit\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Vanadinit\">Vanadinit\u003C\u002Fa> (rot) auf \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryt\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Baryt\">Baryt\u003C\u002Fa> (weiß an den Rändern der Stufe), der von \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHollandit\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Hollandit\">Hollandit\u003C\u002Fa> (schwarz) überkrustet ist (vergl. dazu \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Vanadinite-Baryte-Hollandite-267005.jpg\" title=\"File:Vanadinite-Baryte-Hollandite-267005.jpg\">File:Vanadinite-Baryte-Hollandite-267005.jpg\u003C\u002Fa>). Ausgestellt im \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuseo_Civico_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Milano\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano\">Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano\u003C\u002Fa>.","Bramfab",3872,2592,{"id":720,"source_url":721,"license_code":492,"credit_html":722,"title":723,"description":724,"author":496,"original_width":553,"original_height":725},65985,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175675","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175675\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite-Psilomelane-112809.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVanadinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vanadinite\">Vanadinite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPsilomelane\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Psilomelane\">Psilomelane\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Taouz, Er Rachidia Province, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2395.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 24.5 x 16.6 x 9.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rare piece today not only for size but for overall aspect, from the early 1980s finds at Taouz which preceded major finds at Mibladen that later made people forget about these small finds out in the further desert. However, these older pieces are of a unique style with startling contrast when on this great velvety matrix, were more rare when found, more valuable when found, harder to get then and still rarer today. I have seen pictures of this forbidding locality in a slideshow by Vic Yount, recently, and let me tell you I am amazed we have ANYTHING from there. The place is near the OPEN border with Libya. It consists of a warren of natural caves accessed by dangerous un-supported shafts dug by hand. And it is in the middle of a very hot desert! I am shocked a large specimen like this survived unscathed. The velvety surface is especially prone to damage and you have to think about the care taken to get it from the mine to the market and then through 30 years of collectors hands. Charlie bought it soon after it was found at Tucson of 1984, directly from Vic Yount who handled most of them at the time. It is a dramatic display piece and happens also to be really good for what it is. This is a key piece form the Charlie Freed Collection out of Los Angeles.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",548,{"id":727,"source_url":728,"license_code":492,"credit_html":729,"title":730,"description":731,"author":639,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},68764,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28558765","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28558765\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, goethite 7.jpeg","crystals of vanadinite, crystals of goethite : Apache Mine (Defiance Mine ; Defiance Lead Mine ; Apache Vanadium Mine ; Defiance vein ; Vanadium shaft), Radium, Burch area, Globe Hills, Globe Hills District,  Globe-Miami District, Gila Co., Arizona, USA",{"id":733,"source_url":734,"license_code":492,"credit_html":735,"title":736,"description":731,"author":639,"original_width":610,"original_height":611},68765,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28558766","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=28558766\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vanadinite, goethite 8.JPG",[738,744,749,753,758],{"id":739,"url":740,"label":741,"formula":742,"spacegroup":743,"year":436},14118,"\u002Fcif\u002F14118.cif","Okudera 2013","Pb4.51 V2.976 P.012 O12 Cl.915","P 63\u002Fm",{"id":745,"url":746,"label":747,"formula":748,"spacegroup":743,"year":428},14120,"\u002Fcif\u002F14120.cif","Laufek 2006","Pb5 V3 O12 Cl",{"id":750,"url":751,"label":752,"formula":748,"spacegroup":743,"year":399},14121,"\u002Fcif\u002F14121.cif","Dai 1989",{"id":754,"url":755,"label":756,"formula":757,"spacegroup":743,"year":383},14122,"\u002Fcif\u002F14122.cif","Trotter 1958","Pb5 V3 Cl O12",{"id":759,"url":760,"label":761,"formula":748,"spacegroup":743,"year":364},14123,"\u002Fcif\u002F14123.cif","Hendricks 1932",[763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773],"Chlorvanadinit","Chromate de plomb brun","Johnstonite (of Chapman)","Lead vanadate","Plomb brun","Plomo pardo","Vanadate of Lead","Vanadin-spath","Vanadinbleierz","Vanadinbleispath","Vanadinsaures Blei",[775,779,783,787,791,795,799,802,806,810,814,818,822,826,830,834,837,840,844,847,851,854,857,860,864,867,871,874,878,881,885,889,892,895,900,903,906,910,913,917,920,923,926,929,932,935,939,942,946,949,952,956,960,963,966,970,973,976],{"lang":776,"names":777},"ar",[778],"فانادينيت",{"lang":780,"names":781},"ary",[782],"ڤانادينيت",{"lang":784,"names":785},"bg",[786],"Ванадинит",{"lang":788,"names":789},"ca",[790],"vanadinita",{"lang":792,"names":793},"de",[794],"Vanadinit",{"lang":796,"names":797},"el",[798],"Βαναδινίτης",{"lang":800,"names":801},"es",[790],{"lang":803,"names":804},"et",[805],"vanadiniit",{"lang":807,"names":808},"eu",[809],"Banadinita",{"lang":811,"names":812},"fa",[813],"وانادینیت",{"lang":815,"names":816},"fi",[817],"Vanadiniitti",{"lang":819,"names":820},"fr",[764,821,7],"Pb5(VO4)3Cl",{"lang":823,"names":824},"gl",[825],"Vanadinita",{"lang":827,"names":828},"hu",[829],"vanadinit",{"lang":831,"names":832},"hy",[833],"Վանադինիտ",{"lang":835,"names":836},"id",[794],{"lang":838,"names":839},"it",[7],{"lang":841,"names":842},"ja",[843],"褐鉛鉱",{"lang":845,"names":846},"kk",[786],{"lang":848,"names":849},"kk-arab",[850],"ۆانادىينىيت",{"lang":852,"names":853},"kk-cn",[850],{"lang":855,"names":856},"kk-cyrl",[786],{"lang":858,"names":859},"kk-kz",[786],{"lang":861,"names":862},"kk-latn",[863],"Vanadïnït",{"lang":865,"names":866},"kk-tr",[863],{"lang":868,"names":869},"ku",[870],"Vanadînît",{"lang":872,"names":873},"ky",[786],{"lang":875,"names":876},"lt",[877],"Vanadinitas",{"lang":879,"names":880},"mk",[786],{"lang":882,"names":883},"nb",[884],"vanadinitt",{"lang":886,"names":887},"nl",[888],"vanadiniet",{"lang":890,"names":891},"nn",[884],{"lang":893,"names":894},"oc",[825],{"lang":896,"names":897},"pl",[898,899],"Vanadynit","Wanadynit",{"lang":901,"names":902},"pt",[790,7],{"lang":904,"names":905},"ro",[794],{"lang":907,"names":908},"ru",[909],"ванадинит",{"lang":911,"names":912},"sh",[794],{"lang":914,"names":915},"si",[916],"වැනේඩිනයිට්",{"lang":918,"names":919},"sk",[829],{"lang":921,"names":922},"sl",[821,829],{"lang":924,"names":925},"sr",[909],{"lang":927,"names":928},"sr-ec",[786],{"lang":930,"names":931},"sr-el",[794],{"lang":933,"names":934},"sv",[794],{"lang":936,"names":937},"th",[938],"วาเนดิไนต์",{"lang":940,"names":941},"tr",[794],{"lang":943,"names":944},"uk",[945],"ванадиніт",{"lang":947,"names":948},"uz",[794],{"lang":950,"names":951},"vi",[794],{"lang":953,"names":954},"zgh",[955],"ⴼⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉⵏⵉⵜ",{"lang":957,"names":958},"zh",[959],"钒铅矿",{"lang":961,"names":962},"zh-cn",[959],{"lang":964,"names":965},"zh-hans",[959],{"lang":967,"names":968},"zh-hant",[969],"釩鉛礦",{"lang":971,"names":972},"zh-hk",[969],{"lang":974,"names":975},"zh-sg",[959],{"lang":977,"names":978},"zh-tw",[969],"Q407251",{"history":981,"applications":985},{"markdown":982,"model_version":983,"prompt_version":984,"reviewed_at":11},"Vanadinite is a mineral whose name carries the memory of a discovery the world refused to believe.\n\nIn 1801, the Spanish-Mexican mineralogist **Andrés Manuel del Río** examined a sample of *plomo pardo* — brown lead ore — from the mining district of Zimapán in Hidalgo, Mexico[1]. The salts he extracted shifted through a range of colours, so he first called the new element *panchromium*, from the Greek for \"all colours\". When most of those salts turned red on heating, he renamed it *erythronium*, \"the red one\"[2].\n\nA few years later, the French chemist **Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils** re-analysed del Río's specimens and declared that erythronium was nothing new — merely an impure form of chromium. Del Río's friend Alexander von Humboldt, who had carried the samples back to Europe, accepted the verdict. Del Río withdrew his claim[3].\n\nThe element waited three decades to be vindicated. In 1830, the Swedish chemist **Nils Gabriel Sefström** isolated the same element from a Swedish iron ore and named it *vanadium*, after **Vanadís** — another name for the Norse goddess Freyja — because of the many beautifully coloured compounds it formed[4]. The following year, **Friedrich Wöhler** re-examined del Río's old brown lead from Zimapán and confirmed that the two elements were one and the same[5]. Del Río's first instinct, dismissed a generation earlier, was correct.\n\nThe mineral itself was named in 1838 by the German mineralogist **Franz von Kobell**, who described it from the same Mexican specimens and chose the name *vanadinite* to mark its high vanadium content[6].\n\nSince then, vanadinite has been mined chiefly for its colour and rarity. The bright red and orange crystals from **Mibladen** in Morocco are among the most collected mineral specimens in the world[7], joined by classic finds from **Tsumeb** in Namibia, **Touissit** in Morocco, **Córdoba** in Argentina, and several mines in Arizona and New Mexico[8].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":986,"model_version":983,"prompt_version":984,"reviewed_at":11},"Today vanadinite earns its keep on collectors' shelves more than in industry. The mineral's intense red and orange crystals, especially those from Mibladen in Morocco, are among the most sought-after specimens in the world[1].\n\nAlongside **carnotite** and **roscoelite** — two other vanadium-bearing minerals — vanadinite is one of the principal ores of the element vanadium. The metal is recovered by roasting the crushed mineral with salt or sodium carbonate at about 850 °C. That yields sodium vanadate, which is dissolved out, precipitated, and reduced to vanadium metal[2]. The mineral is also drawn on as a minor source of lead[3].\n\nIn practice these uses are modest. Most of the world's vanadium today is recovered as a co-product of iron and uranium mining. The bulk comes from titaniferous magnetite ores and from the steelmaking slag they generate. Dedicated vanadium minerals like vanadinite contribute only a small share[4]."]