[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:4171":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":23,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":29,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":32,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":30,"dana8ed2":30,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":43,"beta":44,"gamma":43,"aerror":45,"berror":46,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":47,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":11,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":48,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":11,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":49,"vhnmax":50,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":43,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":53,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":11,"streak":54,"colour":55,"commentcolor":11,"colors":56,"streak_colors":59,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":60,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":43,"opticalalpha2":43,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":43,"opticalbeta2":43,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":43,"opticalgamma2":43,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":43,"opticalomega2":43,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":43,"opticalepsilon2":43,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":43,"opticaln2":43,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":43,"optical2vcalc2":43,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":43,"optical2vmeasured2":43,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":61,"description_short":62,"aboutname":63,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":64,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":65,"group_members":66,"associates":67,"confused_with":117,"type_localities":118,"occurrence_total":123,"citations":124,"images":189,"structures":200,"synonyms":201,"language_names":203,"wikidata_qid":230,"texts":231},4171,"1:1:4171:9","5a0d97e6-a9a8-45e0-ac50-f391b9c00139","Vernadite","Vnd",0,"mineral",null,156,false,"(Mn\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Ca,Na)(O,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Mn,Fe,Ca,Na)(O,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20,21,22],"Ca","Fe","Mn","Na","O","H",[19,21,22],"7.19.4",[26,27,28],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","QUESTIONABLE","1944","4","F","E","40","9","1","Monoclinic",5,11,"C2\u002Fm ","4.952-4.962","2.828-2.833","7.20","0","97.3-96.8",6,4,2,"formerly here as: hexagonal, space group unknown, a=2.85Å, c=4.7Å; modern data from Lee et al. (2019), with synthetic P-3 polymorph\u002Fpolytype (of Manceau et al., 2013) also listed","20","45","2.9","3.0","Resinous,Dull","Chocolate-brown, black","Black",[57,58],"black","brown",[58,57],"None Observed","A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 43441, 43442.","According to Giovanoli (1980), vernadite is random-stacked birnessite, however in reply Chukrov & Gorshkov (1980) disagree with this due to the comparison of diffraction data and the absence of transitional forms from birnessite to vernadite.\r\nA modern...","Named after Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadskii (Владимир Иванович Вернадский) (12 March [OS: 28 February] 1863, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire - 6 January 1945, Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union), professor of geochemistry, Moscow University (Russia). Russian, Ukrainian, and Soviet mineralogist and geochemist who is considered one of the founders of geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and radiogeology. Founder of the Ukrainian academy of sciences. Vernadsky is most noted for his 1926 book The Biosphere, in which he inadvertently worked to popularize Eduard Suess' 1875 term biosphere, by hypothesizing that life is the geological force that shapes the earth.","2025-09-06 17:16:34",[],[],[68,76,83,92,99,108],{"id":69,"name":70,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":71,"mindat_formula":71,"hmin":37,"hmax":72,"dmeas":73,"dcalc":74,"primary_image_id":75},1164,"Cryptomelane","K(Mn\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"4.17","4.44",6530,{"id":77,"name":78,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":80,"mindat_formula":80,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":81,"dcalc":43,"primary_image_id":82},1493,"Ferrihydrite","Trigonal","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>14\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.96",8600,{"id":84,"name":85,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":86,"mindat_formula":87,"hmin":88,"hmax":37,"dmeas":89,"dcalc":90,"primary_image_id":91},2239,"Kolbeckite","Sc(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","ScPO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3,"2.36","2.35",13506,{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":96,"dcalc":97,"primary_image_id":98},2519,"Manganite","Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O(OH)","4.29","4.38",15298,{"id":100,"name":101,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":47,"hmax":72,"dmeas":105,"dcalc":106,"primary_image_id":107},3318,"Pyrolusite","Tetragonal","MnO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mn\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.04","5.189",20263,{"id":109,"name":110,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":111,"mindat_formula":112,"hmin":113,"hmax":113,"dmeas":114,"dcalc":115,"primary_image_id":116},3988,"Todorokite","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3-4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·3-4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"3.67","3.65",24311,[],[119],{"id":120,"txt":121,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":122},23001,"Kusimovskoye Mn deposit, Bashkortostan, Russia","Russia",78,[125,129,133,136,140,144,148,153,157,162,166,170,175,180,185],{"id":126,"year":127,"html":128,"doi":11},16127209,1937,"Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva (1937): 66(4): 703-712.",{"id":130,"year":131,"html":132,"doi":11},16127210,1944,"Betekhtin, A.G. (1944) Genetic types of maganese deposits. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR: 1944(45): 1-46.",{"id":134,"year":131,"html":135,"doi":11},16127218,"Betekhtin A G (1944) Genetic types of maganese deposits. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR 1944, issue 4, 1-46",{"id":137,"year":138,"html":139,"doi":11},521478,1945,"Fleischer, M. (1945) New mineral names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  30 (1-2). 85-86 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM30\u002FAM30_85.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":141,"year":142,"html":143,"doi":11},16127212,1978,"Chukhrov, F.V., Gorshkov, A.I., Rudnitskaya, E.S., Berezovskaya, V.V., Sivtsov, A.V. (1978) On vernadite. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, geologic. seria: 6: 5-19.",{"id":145,"year":146,"html":147,"doi":11},527356,1979,"Fleischer, Michael, Burns, Roger G., Cabri, Louis J., Chao, George Y., Hogarth, D. D., Pabst, Adolf (1979) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  64 (11-12) 1329-1334 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM64\u002FAM64_1329.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":149,"year":150,"html":151,"doi":152},155111,1980,"Giovanoli, R. (1980) Vernadite is random-stacked birnessite. \u003Ci>Mineralium Deposita\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (2). 251-253 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00206520'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00206520\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00206520",{"id":154,"year":150,"html":155,"doi":156},155112,"Chukhrov, F.V., Gorshkov, A.I. (1980) Reply to R. Giovanoli's comment. \u003Ci>Mineralium Deposita\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (2). 255-257 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00206521'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00206521\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00206521",{"id":158,"year":159,"html":160,"doi":161},252437,1984,"Ostwald, J. (1984) Ferruginous vernadite in an Indian Ocean ferromanganese nodule. \u003Ci>Geological Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  121 (5) 483-488 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002Fs0016756800030016'>doi:10.1017\u002Fs0016756800030016\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1017\u002Fs0016756800030016",{"id":163,"year":164,"html":165,"doi":11},529377,1992,"Manceau, Alain, Gorshkov, Anatolii I., Drits, Victor A. (1992) Structural chemistry of Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni in manganese hydrous oxides: Part II. Information from EXAFS spectroscopy and electron and X-ray diffraction. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  77 (11-12) 1144-1157 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM77\u002FAM77_1144.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":167,"year":168,"html":169,"doi":11},16967972,2005,"(2005) Vernadite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fvernadite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":171,"year":172,"html":173,"doi":174},397371,2014,"Manceau, A., Lanson, M., Takahashi, Y. (2014) Mineralogy and crystal chemistry of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in a deep-sea Pacific polymetallic nodule. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  99 (10) 2068-2083 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2014-4742'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2014-4742\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2014-4742",{"id":176,"year":177,"html":178,"doi":179},8511467,2019,"Lee, Seungyeol, Xu, Huifang, Xu, Wenqian, Sun, Xiaoming (2019) The structure and crystal chemistry of vernadite in ferromanganese crusts. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials\u003C\u002Fi>, 75 (4). 591-598 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs2052520619006528'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs2052520619006528\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs2052520619006528",{"id":181,"year":182,"html":183,"doi":184},16884400,2023,"Chubarov, Victor M. (2023) New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (10). 1329 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin13101329'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin13101329\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin13101329",{"id":186,"year":182,"html":187,"doi":188},16949674,"Vermeersch, Eva, Košek, Filip, De Grave, Johan, Jehlička, Jan, Vandenabeele, Peter, Rousaki, Anastasia (2023) Identification of tunnel structures in manganese oxide minerals using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>,  54 (11) 1201-1212 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.6536'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.6536\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.6536",[190],{"id":191,"source_url":192,"license_code":193,"credit_html":194,"title":195,"description":196,"author":197,"original_width":198,"original_height":199},22138,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11973815","CC BY-SA 3.0","Thomas Witzke, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11973815\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Serrabrancaite in Vernadite - Pedra Lavrada, Paraiba, Brazil.jpg","Small \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSerrabrancaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Serrabrancaite\">Serrabrancaite\u003C\u002Fa> crystals in a vug in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVernadite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vernadite\">vernadite\u003C\u002Fa> (Specimen size: 4.7 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Alto Serra Branca Pegmatite, near Pedra Lavrada, Paraiba, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Thomas Witzke",600,450,[],[202],"Vernadiet",[204,208,212,216,219,223,226],{"lang":205,"names":206},"ca",[207],"vernadita",{"lang":209,"names":210},"de",[211],"Vernadit",{"lang":213,"names":214},"eu",[215],"Vernadita",{"lang":217,"names":218},"it",[7],{"lang":220,"names":221},"ru",[222],"Вернадит",{"lang":224,"names":225},"uk",[222],{"lang":227,"names":228},"zh",[229],"水羟锰矿","Q4010101",{"history":11,"applications":11}]