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2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.27","3.276",21915,{"id":326,"name":327,"entrytype":9,"csystem":252,"ima_formula":328,"mindat_formula":329,"hmin":206,"hmax":255,"dmeas":330,"dcalc":331,"primary_image_id":332},3647,"Siderite","Fe(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","FeCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.96","3.932",22253,{"id":334,"name":335,"entrytype":9,"csystem":204,"ima_formula":336,"mindat_formula":337,"hmin":206,"hmax":49,"dmeas":338,"dcalc":338,"primary_image_id":339},3801,"Strengite","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 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6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.52","2.49",23104,{"id":349,"name":350,"entrytype":9,"csystem":252,"ima_formula":351,"mindat_formula":352,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":353,"dcalc":353,"primary_image_id":354},3890,"Taranakite","K\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 18H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","K\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·18H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.12",23635,[],[357],{"id":358,"txt":359,"latitude":360,"longitude":361,"country":362},1172,"Wheal Kine (Wheal Kind), St Agnes Consols (Polberro Consols), St Agnes, Cornwall, England, UK",50.3151829,-5.2160337,"UK",563,[365,369,373,377,381,385,389,393,397,401,405,409,413,417,421,425,430,434,438,441,445,449,453,457,461,465,469,472,476,479,482,486,490,494,498,502,506,509,514,518,522,525,529,533,537,542,546,551,556,561,566,571,575,579,582,587,591,596,601,606],{"id":366,"year":367,"html":368,"doi":11},16127345,1751,"Springsfeld, G.C. (1751) De Terra quadam cærulea, in fodina, prope Eccardsbergam in Thuringia, reperta.- Acta Physico-Medica Academiæ Caesareæ Leopoldino-Carolinæ Naturæ Curiosorum exhibentia Ephemerides, sive, Observationes Historias et Experimenta a Celeberrimis Germaniæ et Exterarum Regionum Viris Habita et Communicata, Singulari Studio Collecta, Vol. X, p. 76-90 (from Eckartsberga near Naumburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, as Terra cærulea, with description and chemical investigation, identification as an iron mineral).",{"id":370,"year":371,"html":372,"doi":11},12960775,1758,"Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik (1758) \u003Ci>Försök till en Mineralogie eller Mineral Rikets Upställning\u003C\u002Fi>. J. A. Carlbohm, Stockholm. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002FForsokTillEnMineralogie\u002Fcronstedt-a-forsok-1781-RTL002100-LowRes.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":374,"year":375,"html":376,"doi":11},16127347,1772,"Born, I. von (1772) Lythophylacium Bornianum; Index fossiliumquae colligit, etc., Prague. part 1: 136 (as Cæruleum Berolinense nativum).",{"id":378,"year":379,"html":380,"doi":11},17556044,1783,"Lisle, Jean-Baptiste-Louis Romé de, Romé de L'Isle, Jean-Baptiste Louis de (1783) \u003Ci>Cristallographie, ou Description des formes propres à tous les corps du règne minéral dans l'état de combinaison saline, pierreuse ou métallique [Crystallography, or Description of the forms specific to all bodies of the mineral kingdom in the state of saline, stony or metallic combination]\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.). L'Imprimerie de Monsieur.",{"id":382,"year":383,"html":384,"doi":11},16127349,1784,"Klaproth M.H. (1784) Crell’s Chemical Journal, London: 1: 390 (as Natürliches Berlinblau & Phosphorsaurer Eisen).",{"id":386,"year":387,"html":388,"doi":11},18296117,1807,"Klaproth, M. H. (1807) CXXXII. Untersuchung der Blau - Eisenerde, von Eckartsberg. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4. Rottmann. p.120-122.",{"id":390,"year":391,"html":392,"doi":11},16721791,1817,"Werner, Abraham Gottlob (1817) \u003Ci>Letztes Mineral-System\u003C\u002Fi> - Aus dessen Nachlasse auf oberbergamtliche Anordnung herausgegeben und mit Erläuterungen versehen.",{"id":394,"year":395,"html":396,"doi":11},16127352,1818,"Hoffmann, C.A. S. (1818) Handbuch der Mineralogie volume 4B: 146 (as Vivianit).",{"id":398,"year":399,"html":400,"doi":11},18530316,1823,"Breithaupt, August (1823) \u003Ci>Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.). Arnoldischen Buchhandlung.",{"id":402,"year":403,"html":404,"doi":11},16127354,1831,"Glocker, E.F. (1831) Handbuch der Mineralogie, Nürnberg: 857 (as Glaukosiderit).",{"id":406,"year":407,"html":408,"doi":11},1118683,1836,"Thomson, Thomas (1836) \u003Ci>Outlines of Mineralogy, Geology and Mineral Analysis\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 1. Baldwin & Craddock. 734 pp.",{"id":410,"year":411,"html":412,"doi":11},16127356,1837,"Berthier (1837) Annales des mines: 12: 303 (as Anglarite).",{"id":414,"year":415,"html":416,"doi":11},16127357,1850,"Fisher, W. (1850) Analysis of several minerals. American Journal of Science: 9: 83-85.",{"id":418,"year":419,"html":420,"doi":11},16127358,1869,"vom Rath (1869) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 136: 405.",{"id":422,"year":423,"html":424,"doi":11},16127359,1884,"Mügge, O. (1884) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Cohäsionsverhältnisse einiger Mineralien. Jahrbuch für Mineralogie: I: 50-60 (53).",{"id":426,"year":427,"html":428,"doi":429},1127860,1891,"Goldschmidt, Victor (1891) \u003Ci>Index der Krystallformen der Mineralien\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 3. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-3-662-25554-4'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-3-662-25554-4\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fcloudflare-ipfs.com\u002Fipfs\u002Fbafykbzacecf2xzerudyek35bs7ahiy6ojz6hhomfyib4ivynykwq5rna3v2lq?filename=Dr.%20Victor%20Goldschmidt%20%28auth.%29%20-%20Index%20der%20Krystallformen%20der%20Mineralien-Springer-Verlag%20Berlin%20Heidelberg%20%281891%29.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-3-662-25554-4",{"id":431,"year":432,"html":433,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":435,"year":436,"html":437,"doi":11},16127362,1898,"Kovář (1898) Böhm. Ak., Abh., no. 9.",{"id":439,"year":436,"html":440,"doi":11},16127363,"Mügge, O. (1898) Ueber Translationen und verwandte Erscheinungen in Krystallen. Jahrbuch für Mineralogie: I: 71-160.",{"id":442,"year":443,"html":444,"doi":11},16127364,1904,"Gaubert, P. (1904) Sur des cristaux de vivianite produite aux dépens d'ossements. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 27: 212-216.",{"id":446,"year":447,"html":448,"doi":11},16127365,1906,"Popoff (1906) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 112 (as Paravivianite).",{"id":450,"year":451,"html":452,"doi":11},16127366,1907,"Popoff (1907) Bull. Ac. Sc. St. Petersburg: 1: 127 (as Paravivianite).",{"id":454,"year":455,"html":456,"doi":11},16127367,1908,"Rosický (1908) Böhm. A.,Abhandlung, no. 28: 17.",{"id":458,"year":459,"html":460,"doi":11},7367189,1910,"Lacroix, A. (1910) \u003Ci>Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org\u002Fitempdf\u002F225322' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":462,"year":463,"html":464,"doi":11},16127369,1913,"Buttgenbach (1913) Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Mémoires: 40: 3.",{"id":466,"year":467,"html":468,"doi":11},16127370,1914,"Lincio (1914) Heidelberg Ak. Wiss., Math.-Nat. Kl., Abteil A, Abhandlung: 15.",{"id":470,"year":467,"html":471,"doi":11},16127371,"Petrow (1914) Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Beil.-Bd.: 37: 457.",{"id":473,"year":474,"html":475,"doi":11},16127372,1918,"Watson, T.L., Gooch, S.D. (1918) Vivianite from the land pebble phosphate deposits of Florida. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science: 8: 82-88. (Gooch analysis)",{"id":477,"year":474,"html":478,"doi":11},16127373,"Kuhara (1918) Memoires of the College Eng. Kyoto: 2: 71.",{"id":480,"year":474,"html":481,"doi":11},16127374,"Watson, T.L. (1918) The color change in vivianite and its effect on the optical properties. American Mineralogist: 3: 159-161.",{"id":483,"year":484,"html":485,"doi":11},16107507,1922,"Ulrich (1922) Rozpr. České Ak.: 31: no. 10.",{"id":487,"year":488,"html":489,"doi":11},4468631,1923,"(1923) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 9 - Text - Band IX - Trechmannit-Zoisit und Nachträge. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":491,"year":492,"html":493,"doi":11},16127377,1924,"Gordon, S. (1924) Crystallographic Notes on Six Minerals from Peru and Bolivia. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia: 76: 335-341.",{"id":495,"year":496,"html":497,"doi":11},16127378,1925,"Ulrich (1925) Rozpr. České Ak.: 33:, no. 33.",{"id":499,"year":500,"html":501,"doi":11},16100723,1926,"Ulrich (1926) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 64: 143.",{"id":503,"year":504,"html":505,"doi":11},16086284,1933,"Corin, F. (1933) Un gisement remarquable de vivianite. Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie, 43, 236.",{"id":507,"year":504,"html":508,"doi":11},16127379,"Hintze, Carl (1933) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 1235.",{"id":510,"year":511,"html":512,"doi":513},653692,1934,"Larsen, E.S.; Berman, H. (1934) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin of the US Geological Survey\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 848. US Geological Survey p.1-266. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb848'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb848\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0848\u002Freport.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb848",{"id":515,"year":516,"html":517,"doi":11},16127381,1935,"Pelíšek (1935) Příroda: 28: 279.",{"id":519,"year":520,"html":521,"doi":11},16127382,1936,"Takané and Ômori (1936) Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology: 16: 234.",{"id":523,"year":520,"html":524,"doi":11},16127383,"Yamaguti (1936) Proceedings of the Physico-Math. Society Japan: 18[3]: 372.",{"id":526,"year":527,"html":528,"doi":11},520597,1937,"Barth, Tom F. W. (1937) Crystallographic studies in the vivianite group. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  22 (5) 325-341 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM22\u002FAM22_325.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":530,"year":531,"html":532,"doi":11},521076,1940,"Wolfe, C. W. (1940) Classification of minerals of the type A3(XO4)2·nH2O. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (11) 738-753 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM25\u002FAM25_738.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":534,"year":535,"html":536,"doi":11},16127384,1945,"Zieleniewski (1945) Arch. Min. Soc. Warsaw: 15: 51.",{"id":538,"year":539,"html":540,"doi":541},462425,1950,"Mori, H., Ito, T. (1950) The structure of vivianite and symplesite. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  3 (1) 1-6 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x5000001x'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x5000001x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x5000001x",{"id":543,"year":544,"html":545,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":547,"year":548,"html":549,"doi":550},402763,1980,"Fejdi, Pavel, Poullen, Jean-François, Gasperin, Madeleine (1980) Affinement de la structure de la vivianite Fe3(PO4)2• 8 H2O. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  103 (1) 135-138 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1980.7386'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1980.7386\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1980.7386",{"id":552,"year":553,"html":554,"doi":555},403041,1982,"Dormann, Jean-Louis, Gasperin, Madeleine, Poullen, Jean-François (1982) Étude structurale de la séquence d'oxydation de la vivianite Fe3(PO4)2 • 8 H2O. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  105 (2) 147-160 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1982.7597'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1982.7597\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1982.7597",{"id":557,"year":558,"html":559,"doi":560},2408425,1984,"Piriou, B., Poullen, J. F. (1984) Raman study of vivianite. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 15 (5). 343-346 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250150510'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250150510\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250150510",{"id":562,"year":563,"html":564,"doi":565},3700,1985,"Sameshima, T., Henderson, G. S., Black, P. M., Rodgers, K. A. (1985) X-ray diffraction studies of vivianite, metavivianite, and barićite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (350) 81-85 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1985.049.350.11'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1985.049.350.11\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_49\u002F49-350-81.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1985.049.350.11",{"id":567,"year":568,"html":569,"doi":570},12667579,1986,"Rodgers, K.A.; Henderson, G.S. (1986) The thermochemistry of some iron phosphate minerals: vivianite, metavivianite, baraćite [sic], ludlamite and vivianite\u002Fmetavivianite admixtures. \u003Ci>Thermochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  104. 1-12 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0040-6031(86)85179-6'>doi:10.1016\u002F0040-6031(86)85179-6\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0040-6031(86)85179-6",{"id":572,"year":573,"html":574,"doi":11},16127389,1989,"Bartl, H. (1989): Water of crystallization and its hydrogen-bonded crosslinking in vivianite Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O; a neutron diffraction investigation. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie, 333, 401-403.",{"id":576,"year":577,"html":578,"doi":11},1118654,1997,"Gaines, Richard V.; Skinner, H. Catherine W.; Foord, Eugene E.; Mason, Brian; Rosenzweig, Abraham; King, Vandall T. (1997) \u003Ci>Dana's New Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (8th ed.). Wiley-Interscience. 1872 pp.",{"id":580,"year":577,"html":581,"doi":11},16641619,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - \u003Ci>Ed.\u003C\u002Fi> (1997) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 3 - Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona. p.1-682.",{"id":583,"year":584,"html":585,"doi":586},243401,2002,"Frost, R. L., Martens, W., Williams, P. A., Kloprogge, J. T. (2002) Raman and infrared spectroscopic study of the vivianite-group phosphates vivianite, baricite and bobierrite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  66 (6) 1063-1073 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002F0026461026660077'>doi:10.1180\u002F0026461026660077\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002F0026461026660077",{"id":588,"year":589,"html":590,"doi":11},16968005,2005,"(2005) Vivianite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fvivianite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":592,"year":593,"html":594,"doi":595},117452,2012,"Capitelli, Francesco, Chita, Giuseppe, Ghiara, Maria Rosaria, Rossi, Manuela (2012) Crystal-chemical investigation of Fe3(PO4)2· 8 H2O vivianite minerals. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  227 (2) 92-101 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.2012.1442'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.2012.1442\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.2012.1442",{"id":597,"year":598,"html":599,"doi":600},16117068,2020,"CHIBA, Kohei; TAKAHASHI, Misaki; OHSHIMA, Eriko; KAWAMATA, Toru; SUGIYAMA, Kazumasa (2020) The synthesis of metavivianite and the oxidation sequence of vivianite. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  115 (6). 485-489 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.200417'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.200417\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.200417",{"id":602,"year":603,"html":604,"doi":605},16127392,2021,"HONGU, Hidetomo, YOSHIASA, Akira, KITAHARA, Ginga, MIYANO, Yumiko, HAN, Karin, MOMMA, Koichi, MIYAWAKI, Ritsuro, TOKUDA, Makoto, SUGIYAMA, Kazumasa (2021) Crystal structure refinement and crystal chemistry of parasymplesite and vivianite. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  116 (4) 183-192 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.200904'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.200904\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.200904",{"id":607,"year":608,"html":609,"doi":610},17647121,2023,"Perez, J.P.H., Okhrymenko, M., Blukis, R., Roddatis, V., Mayanna, S., Mosselmans, J.F.W., Benning, L.G. (2023) Vivianite-parasymplesite solid solution: A sink for arsenic in ferruginous environments? \u003Ci>Geochemical Perspectives Letters\u003C\u002Fi>,  26. 50-56 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7185\u002Fgeochemlet.2325'>doi:10.7185\u002Fgeochemlet.2325\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.geochemicalperspectivesletters.org\u002Fdocuments\u002FGPL2325_noSI.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.7185\u002Fgeochemlet.2325",[612,622,629,637,643,652,656,665,674,683,691,698,706,714,722,729,739,748,757,765,774,782,789,795,803,812,819,825,832,840,847,853,860,866],{"id":613,"source_url":614,"license_code":615,"credit_html":616,"title":617,"description":618,"author":619,"original_width":620,"original_height":621},27527,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144045","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144045\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-139656.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tomokoni mine, Machacamarca District (Colavi District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornelio_Saavedra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornelio Saavedra Province\">Cornelio Saavedra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-351.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.6 x 4.5 x 3.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This mine has produced what are clearly some of the finest quality Vivianite specimens ever seen. This miniature size piece features absolutely beautiful, superb quality, HIGHLY lustrous, gemmy emerald green; sword shaped \"textbook\" crystals of Vivianite with minor metamorphosed Sandstone. These are some of the best quality Vivianite crystals you will see from any locality, hands down. This piece is virtually undamaged and is one of the gemmiest I’ve seen from the find. I have never seen specimens of this quality, color, luster and gemminess before, not only from Bolivia, but virtually any world locality.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",591,576,{"id":623,"source_url":624,"license_code":625,"credit_html":626,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":627,"original_height":628},30948,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65304","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65304\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,923,{"id":630,"source_url":631,"license_code":615,"credit_html":632,"title":633,"description":634,"author":619,"original_width":635,"original_height":636},27528,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474814","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474814\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-via02c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Clear Spring Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHomeland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Homeland\">Homeland\u003C\u002Fa>, Polk County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFlorida\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Florida\">Florida\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-9995.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.0 x 3.6 x 1.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Vivianite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Three crystals, to 1.0 cm in length, of lustrous, mostly opaque, dark green vivianite, have grown on contrasting brown matrix. One crystal is especially translucent, with a greenish- blue color.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",370,400,{"id":638,"source_url":639,"license_code":640,"credit_html":641,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":627,"original_height":642},30949,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115162","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115162\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":644,"source_url":645,"license_code":615,"credit_html":646,"title":647,"description":648,"author":649,"original_width":650,"original_height":651},27529,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20604824","Claus Ableiter, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20604824\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianit, Silberberg, Bodenmais.JPG","Vivianite, one of the 60 minerals of the silver mines in Bodenmais, Bavarian Forest, in the museum room of the Bersucherbergwerk Silberberg","Claus Ableiter",1616,1504,{"id":653,"source_url":654,"license_code":640,"credit_html":655,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":627,"original_height":642},30950,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116541","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116541\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":657,"source_url":658,"license_code":625,"credit_html":659,"title":660,"description":661,"author":662,"original_width":663,"original_height":664},27530,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99897108","Ivar Leidus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99897108\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite - Tomokoni mine, Cornelio Saavedra Province, Potosí, Bolivia.jpg","Deep green double terminated vivianite crystal (4.0 × 1.7 × 1.7 cm). Found from Tomokoni mine, Canutillos subdistrict, Machacamarca mining district, Cornelio Saavedra Province, Potosí, Bolivia","Ivar Leidus",4000,6000,{"id":666,"source_url":667,"license_code":625,"credit_html":668,"title":669,"description":670,"author":671,"original_width":672,"original_height":673},27531,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=115524589","Rowan-earth, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=115524589\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite Sample.jpg","Vivianite from Inversand Dig Site Mantua, New Jersey","Rowan-earth",814,391,{"id":675,"source_url":676,"license_code":625,"credit_html":677,"title":678,"description":679,"author":680,"original_width":681,"original_height":682},27532,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157330827","TheFurther21, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157330827\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite 2912.jpg","A single piece of vivianite, approximately 9 cm long.","TheFurther21",8192,5464,{"id":684,"source_url":685,"license_code":615,"credit_html":686,"title":687,"description":688,"author":619,"original_width":689,"original_height":690},52285,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10131638","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10131638\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-43250.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Canutillos Mine, Machacamarca District (Colavi District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornelio_Saavedra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornelio Saavedra Province\">Cornelio Saavedra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-31413.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A SUPERB, VERY GEMMY and pristine, thick, emerald-green viviianite arrowhead crystal perched on a bit of matrix from the recent finds in Bolivia. 2.8 x 2.0 x 1.4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",342,500,{"id":692,"source_url":693,"license_code":615,"credit_html":694,"title":695,"description":696,"author":619,"original_width":697,"original_height":621},52286,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140564","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140564\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-121349.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tomokoni mine, Machacamarca District (Colavi District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornelio_Saavedra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornelio Saavedra Province\">Cornelio Saavedra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-351.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.1 x 6.2 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This mine has produced what are clearly some of the finest quality Vivianite specimens ever seen. This miniature size piece features some absolutely beautiful, lustrous, gem quality, emerald green; sword shaped \"textbook\" crystals of Vivianite with minor metamorphosed Sandstone. One of the Vivianite crystals is even doubly-terminated. These are some of the best quality Vivianite crystals you will see from any locality, hands down.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",870,{"id":699,"source_url":700,"license_code":615,"credit_html":701,"title":702,"description":703,"author":619,"original_width":704,"original_height":705},52287,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141593","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141593\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-132010.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLlallagua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Llallagua\">Llallagua\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRafael_Bustillo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rafael Bustillo Province\">Rafael Bustillo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-336.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 14.3 x 11.3 x 6.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here is a great old locality specimen of Vivianite from Bolivia. This cabinet size piece features beautiful, lustrous, sharp, gemmy, emerald green color, prismatic crystals of Vivianite measuring up to 5.6 cm associated with botryoidal Limonite on Pyrite matrix. This material is rarely seen in today’s market and this particular specimen is at least 25 years old. This is one of the finest examples of this material from Siglo XX that I have seen in this size range. A wonderful overall display specimen of excellent quality.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",495,360,{"id":707,"source_url":708,"license_code":615,"credit_html":709,"title":710,"description":711,"author":619,"original_width":712,"original_height":713},52289,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162952","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162952\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-226175.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tomokoni mine, Machacamarca District (Colavi District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornelio_Saavedra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornelio Saavedra Province\">Cornelio Saavedra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-351.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11 x 9 x 6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This majestic specimen is one of the very finest pieces to come from this find of 2003. It consists of a beautiful pair of lustrous and glassy crystals that cross very dramatically on matrix. The upright crystal is gem-clear and transparent, measuring in at 4 cm tall and 2 cm wide by 1.75 cm deep. The doubly-terminated crystal crossing it at the base is a full 9 cm tip-to-tip. It is, again, doubly-terminated and pristine on the front.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",595,800,{"id":715,"source_url":716,"license_code":615,"credit_html":717,"title":718,"description":719,"author":619,"original_width":720,"original_height":721},52290,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163414","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163414\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-228505.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tomokoni mine, Machacamarca District (Colavi District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornelio_Saavedra_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornelio Saavedra Province\">Cornelio Saavedra Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-351.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.1 x 5.7 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This small cabinet size piece features a few absolutely beautiful, lustrous, gem quality, emerald green, sword-shaped \"textbook\" crystals of Vivianite with reddish-brown metamorphosed Sandstone.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",378,432,{"id":723,"source_url":724,"license_code":615,"credit_html":725,"title":726,"description":727,"author":619,"original_width":636,"original_height":728},52292,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474806","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10474806\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-viv04c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Clear Spring Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHomeland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Homeland\">Homeland\u003C\u002Fa>, Polk County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFlorida\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Florida\">Florida\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-9995.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.2 x 2.9 x 2.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Vivianite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This matrix specimen contains several, lustrous and translucent, blue-dark green, crystals, to 1.0 cm in length. A few of the vivianite crystals are also doubly terminated. A significant Florida and US vivianite. These were mined in the mid-1980s by the mine geologist and kept in his collection until we bought the lot, last year.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",288,{"id":730,"source_url":731,"license_code":732,"credit_html":733,"title":734,"description":735,"author":736,"original_width":737,"original_height":738},52293,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=16951812","Public domain","Jstuby at en.wikipedia, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=16951812\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite Foote Mine.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa> from the Foote Mine, North Carolina.  On display at the Schiele Museum of Natural History in Gastonia, NC.  Field of view is about 1 foot.","Jstuby at en.wikipedia",680,399,{"id":740,"source_url":741,"license_code":615,"credit_html":742,"title":743,"description":744,"author":745,"original_width":746,"original_height":747},52294,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22520773","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22520773\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite 3.jpg","vivianite : Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia - 41 mm","Parent Géry",2848,3990,{"id":749,"source_url":750,"license_code":625,"credit_html":751,"title":752,"description":753,"author":754,"original_width":755,"original_height":756},52295,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41650340","CarlesMillan, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41650340\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","7314M-vivianite1.jpg","Vivianite tabular crystal with an irregular shape, transparent with some opacities and showing a deep green color, perched on a matrix made of siderite and pyrite. Undamaged. The crystal size is 82 mm x 38 mm x 11 mm, and the matrix 90 mm x 56 mm. Weight: 208 g. From a new find in year 2013. From Huanuni mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia.","CarlesMillan",2852,3310,{"id":758,"source_url":759,"license_code":625,"credit_html":760,"title":761,"description":762,"author":754,"original_width":763,"original_height":764},52296,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41662163","CarlesMillan, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41662163\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","7314M-vivianite2.jpg","Vivianite tabular crystal with an irregular shape, transparent with some opacities and showing a deep green color, perched on a matrix made of siderite and pyrite. Undamaged. The crystal size is 82 mm x 38 mm x 11 mm, and the matrix 90 mm x 56 mm. Weight: 208 g. From a new find in year 2013. From Huanuni mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia",2651,2839,{"id":766,"source_url":767,"license_code":615,"credit_html":768,"title":769,"description":770,"author":771,"original_width":772,"original_height":773},52298,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147568750","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147568750\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianit, Limonit (OM1-615A).JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Amberg, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Weight: a= 141.0 g ; b= 44.6 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Foundation Seltmann, Weiden; Collection Scholz\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","HolDu",5144,3274,{"id":775,"source_url":776,"license_code":615,"credit_html":777,"title":778,"description":779,"author":619,"original_width":780,"original_height":781},2431,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151289","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151289\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Santabarbaraite-Vivianite-176749.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSantabarbaraite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Santabarbaraite\">Santabarbaraite\u003C\u002Fa> pseudomorph after \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kerch peninsula (Kertch peninsula), Crimea peninsula, Crimea Oblast', Ukraine (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2631.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7 x 6.5 x 4.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>It is easy to discern that these were once vivianite crystals by their bladed nature, some doubly terminated and 3.0 cm in length. They are now turned to a burnt-umber color by santabarbaraite, a rare hydrated iron phosphate. From the 1990s find. Ex. Martin Zinn Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",537,600,{"id":783,"source_url":784,"license_code":615,"credit_html":785,"title":786,"description":787,"author":619,"original_width":636,"original_height":788},2432,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453572","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453572\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Santabarbaraite-Vivianite-mrz341b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSantabarbaraite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Santabarbaraite\">Santabarbaraite\u003C\u002Fa> pseudomorph after \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kerch peninsula (Kertch peninsula), Crimea peninsula, Crimea Oblast', Ukraine (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2631.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7 x 6.5 x 4.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Santabarbaraite ps. Vivianite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>It is easy to discern that these were once vivianite crystals by their bladed nature, some doubly terminated and 3.0 cm in length. They are now turned to a burnt-umber color by santabarbaraite, a rare hydrated iron phosphate. A truly unusual pseudomorph! Very few of these were recovered in a series of phosphate pods mined through in the 1990s. I have seen several dozen good Santabarbaraite specimens out of LITERALLy thousands of vivianites and dozens of specimens of anapaite from here. This is, truly, uncommon. And, best of species, I am told.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",367,{"id":790,"source_url":791,"license_code":615,"credit_html":792,"title":793,"description":787,"author":619,"original_width":636,"original_height":794},2433,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453574","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453574\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Santabarbaraite-Vivianite-mrz341c.jpg",212,{"id":796,"source_url":797,"license_code":798,"credit_html":799,"title":800,"description":801,"author":802,"original_width":664,"original_height":663},10316,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199280","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199280\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fairfieldite with Vivianite, Reddingite, and Graftonite (48522676017).jpg","\u003Cp>Bull Mosse - Custer\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSouth Dakota, USA","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",{"id":804,"source_url":805,"license_code":806,"credit_html":807,"title":808,"description":809,"author":810,"original_width":636,"original_height":811},13223,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11044165","CC BY 3.0","VikSl. My own photo ( Viktor Slyotov ) Exhibit from my own collection, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11044165\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite Kerch.jpg","Vivianite crystals on limonite, 7-cm specimen. From Kerch, Crimea, Ukraine.","VikSl. My own photo ( Viktor Slyotov ) Exhibit from my own collection",268,{"id":813,"source_url":814,"license_code":615,"credit_html":815,"title":816,"description":817,"author":619,"original_width":818,"original_height":721},19354,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=35047452","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=35047452\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Phosphophyllite, Vivianite-315518.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPhosphophyllite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Phosphophyllite\">Phosphophyllite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Vohenstrauß, Oberpfälzer Wald, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.7 cm x 6.9 cm x 4.6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Most people associate Phosphophyllite with the famous Unificada Mine in Bolivia, but the type locality for the species is actually in Germany. The Hagendorf area is one of the most classic European pegmatites, and is actually the type locality for several phosphate species, not just Phosphophyllite. The area is split into two pegmatites (north and south), with the south pegmatite being the more famous of the two. This piece is a classic and rarely seen small cabinet sized specimen featuring a few sharp, somewhat lustrous, gemmy to translucent, light blue-green color crystals of Phosphophyllite up to 8 mm which are associated with dark blue, layered crystal groups of altered Vivianite on a silvery Muscovite matrix. Simply put, these specimens are extremely difficult to obtain, and this piece could easily be at least 50-70 years old (dating from 1940 to 1960). A great association piece from this classic locality. Ex. Richard Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",465,{"id":820,"source_url":821,"license_code":798,"credit_html":822,"title":823,"description":824,"author":802,"original_width":663,"original_height":664},24542,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118200714","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118200714\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Triphylite and Vivianite, Triploidite with Lithiophilite (48140109708).jpg","\u003Cp>North Gordon\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nNew Hampshire, USA",{"id":826,"source_url":827,"license_code":615,"credit_html":828,"title":829,"description":830,"author":619,"original_width":831,"original_height":721},27871,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165950","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165950\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-243436.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLlallagua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Llallagua\">Llallagua\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRafael_Bustillo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rafael Bustillo Province\">Rafael Bustillo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-336.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.3 x 3.8 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here is a great old time locality specimen of Vivianite from Bolivia. This size piece features a group beautiful, semi lustrous, relatively sharp, gemmy, emerald-green color, prismatic crystals of Vivianite measuring 3.7 cm associated with Limonite replacing botryoidal Wavellite. This material is rarely seen in today's market and this particular specimen is at least 25 years old. A beautiful classic specimen of his well known Bolivian species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",477,{"id":833,"source_url":834,"license_code":732,"credit_html":835,"title":836,"description":837,"author":838,"original_width":839,"original_height":839},52284,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956312","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956312\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite 2 w-triphylite and feldspar (Hydrous iron phosphate Custer County South Dakota 1652.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",640,{"id":841,"source_url":842,"license_code":615,"credit_html":843,"title":844,"description":845,"author":619,"original_width":818,"original_height":846},52291,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174349","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174349\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Vivianite-Pyrite-290422.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPyrite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pyrite\">Pyrite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Morococala Mine, Santa Fé Mining District, Dalence Province, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOruro_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Oruro Department\">Oruro Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-339.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.2 x 3.5 x 2.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Three gemmy and lustrous, beautiful, bluish-green, prismatic vivianite crystals to 2.4 cm are attractively set on mounded matrix covered with sparkling, iridescent, brassy pyrite microcrystals on this classic and excellent specimen from the 1980s finds at the famous Morococala Mine of Bolivia. The etching on the vivianites reminds me of Wolodarsk heliodors. Ex. Jesse Fisher and Joan Kureczka Collection and according to the accompanying label, was purchased from Marty Zinn at Tucson in 1987. This combination has always been highly desirable, as not many of this quality were found.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",436,{"id":848,"source_url":849,"license_code":798,"credit_html":850,"title":851,"description":852,"author":802,"original_width":664,"original_height":663},54186,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199282","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199282\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fairfieldite with Cleavelandite, Triphylite, and Vivianite (48522507171).jpg","Unknown description\u003Cspan style=\"display: none;\">Unknown description\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"id":854,"source_url":855,"license_code":615,"credit_html":856,"title":857,"description":858,"author":619,"original_width":713,"original_height":859},65161,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10431265","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10431265\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludlamite-Vivianite-sea13a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudlamite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludlamite\">Ludlamite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVivianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vivianite\">Vivianite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Blackbird Mine, Blackbird District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLemhi_County,_Idaho\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lemhi County, Idaho\">Lemhi County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIdaho\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Idaho\">Idaho\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3740.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.7 x 7.4 x 5.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Ludlamite with Vivianite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fairly large, rich specimen with sharp crystals of ludlamite nicely isolated on matrix and to 6 mm in size. A partial vivianite crystal is off to one side and small smaltite (by X-ray) crystals accompany. Classic old material from the 1960s era of mining here. Purchased in 1968 towards the end of the productive years when the mine was open. I personally think these discrete ludlamite crystals characteristic of the locale, nicely spaced on matrix, are among the finest for the species. Ex. John White Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",700,{"id":861,"source_url":862,"license_code":798,"credit_html":863,"title":864,"description":865,"author":802,"original_width":663,"original_height":664},67095,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118189826","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118189826\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludlamite with Messelite, Vivianite, Triphylite, Siderite, and Strunsite (48303237932).jpg","\u003Cp>Palermo - North Groton\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nNew Hampshire, USA",{"id":867,"source_url":868,"license_code":798,"credit_html":869,"title":870,"description":865,"author":802,"original_width":664,"original_height":663},67096,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199317","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199317\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Messelite with Strunzite and Vivianite (48522508761).jpg",[872,878,883],{"id":873,"url":874,"label":875,"formula":876,"spacegroup":877,"year":573},14264,"\u002Fcif\u002F14264.cif","Bartl 1989","Fe3 P2 O16 H16","I 1 2\u002Fm 1",{"id":879,"url":880,"label":881,"formula":876,"spacegroup":882,"year":548},14265,"\u002Fcif\u002F14265.cif","Fejdi 1980","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",{"id":884,"url":885,"label":886,"formula":876,"spacegroup":882,"year":539},14266,"\u002Fcif\u002F14266.cif","Mori 1950",[888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899,900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912,913,914,915,916,917],"A-Matrix","Angelardite","Anglarite (of Berthier)","Anglarite (of von Kobell)","Blaueisenerde","Bleu de Prusse natif","Bloa Järnjord","Blue Iron Earth","Blue Ocher","Calx Martis phlogisto juncta","Cæruleum Berolinense nativum","Earthy Phosphate of Iron","Eisen-Phyllit","Eisenblau","Fer azuré","Fer phosphaté","Glaucosiderit","Glaucosiderita","Glaucosiderite","Glaukosiderit","Mullicit","Mullicite","Mullinit","Native Prussian Blue","Natürliches Berlinblau","Naturligit Berlinerblätt","Ocre martiale bleue","Paravivianite","Phosphate of Iron","Phosphorsaures Eisen",[919,923,927,931,935,939,942,947,951,954,959,962,967,970,974,977,981,984,988,992,996,1000,1003,1006,1009,1013,1016,1019,1023,1027,1031,1034,1037,1041,1045,1048,1053,1056,1060,1063,1066,1070,1073],{"lang":920,"names":921},"ar",[922],"فيفيانيت",{"lang":924,"names":925},"ast",[926],"Vivianita",{"lang":928,"names":929},"az",[930],"Vivianit",{"lang":932,"names":933},"be",[934],"Вівіяніт",{"lang":936,"names":937},"ca",[938],"vivianita",{"lang":940,"names":941},"cs",[930],{"lang":943,"names":944},"de",[945,946,930],"Blaueisenerz","Phosphoreisensinter",{"lang":948,"names":949},"el",[950],"Βιβιανίτης",{"lang":952,"names":953},"es",[926],{"lang":955,"names":956},"et",[957,958],"mineraalne raudfosfaat","vivianiit",{"lang":960,"names":961},"eu",[926],{"lang":963,"names":964},"fa",[965,966],"وی ویانیت","وی‌ویانیت",{"lang":968,"names":969},"fr",[7],{"lang":971,"names":972},"hr",[973],"Vivijanit",{"lang":975,"names":976},"hu",[930],{"lang":978,"names":979},"hy",[980],"Վիվիանիտ",{"lang":982,"names":983},"id",[930],{"lang":985,"names":986},"it",[987,7],"Terra di Harlem",{"lang":989,"names":990},"ja",[991],"藍鉄鉱",{"lang":993,"names":994},"kk",[995],"Вивианит",{"lang":997,"names":998},"kk-arab",[999],"ۆىيۆىيانىيت",{"lang":1001,"names":1002},"kk-cn",[999],{"lang":1004,"names":1005},"kk-cyrl",[995],{"lang":1007,"names":1008},"kk-kz",[995],{"lang":1010,"names":1011},"kk-latn",[1012],"Vïvïanït",{"lang":1014,"names":1015},"kk-tr",[1012],{"lang":1017,"names":1018},"ky",[995],{"lang":1020,"names":1021},"mk",[1022],"Вивијанит",{"lang":1024,"names":1025},"nb",[1026],"vivianitt",{"lang":1028,"names":1029},"nl",[1030],"vivianiet",{"lang":1032,"names":1033},"nn",[1026],{"lang":1035,"names":1036},"oc",[926],{"lang":1038,"names":1039},"pl",[1040],"wiwianit",{"lang":1042,"names":1043},"pt",[1044],"vivianite",{"lang":1046,"names":1047},"ro",[930],{"lang":1049,"names":1050},"ru",[1051,1052],"виванит","вивианит",{"lang":1054,"names":1055},"sh",[973],{"lang":1057,"names":1058},"sr",[1059],"вивијанит",{"lang":1061,"names":1062},"sr-ec",[1022],{"lang":1064,"names":1065},"sr-el",[973],{"lang":1067,"names":1068},"uk",[1069],"вівіаніт",{"lang":1071,"names":1072},"uz",[930],{"lang":1074,"names":1075},"zh",[1076,1077],"蓝铁矿","藍鐵礦","Q413386",{"history":1080,"applications":1084},{"markdown":1081,"model_version":1082,"prompt_version":1083,"reviewed_at":11},"Vivianite is one of those minerals that human beings used for centuries under another name before science got around to identifying it. The pigment painters called *blue ochre*, the gem cutters called *odontolite* — both are vivianite, and both predate the mineral's formal naming in 1817 by a very long time.\n\nEuropean artists were using **blue ochre** as far back as Roman times, though oil painters made only sparing use of it[1]. The pigment turned up in wall paintings and *polychromy* — the practice of painting sculpture and architecture in colour — across medieval Germany and England[1]. It reappeared in the Baroque and Rococo decoration of Austria and Germany before falling out of fashion[1]. The same mineral was also responsible, by entirely natural means, for the blue tint of *odontolite*, the fossil bone-turquoise once cut and set as a gemstone[2].\n\nThe mineral itself was found at *Wheal Kind*, part of the West Wheal Kitty group of mines at St Agnes in Cornwall[3]. The discoverer was **John Henry Vivian** (1785–1855), a politician, mine owner and mineralogist of Welsh-Cornish background living in Truro[4]. The German geologist *Abraham Gottlob Werner* named the mineral after him in 1817 — the year Werner died[4]. A long-standing error in the mineralogical literature credits the name to a \"J. G. Vivian\"; the middle initial was a typographical mistake that has been propagated ever since[4].","claude-opus-4-7","1.0.0",{"markdown":1085,"model_version":1082,"prompt_version":1083,"reviewed_at":11},"Vivianite has no significant modern industrial application. Its historical career as the *blue ochre* pigment is long over, and it is sought today mainly as a specimen — collectors prize the deep blue, prismatic crystals that develop once a freshly mined colourless sample oxidises on contact with air[1].\n\nThe mineral keeps a second life as a curiosity of natural chemistry. Crystals turn up inside fossil bivalve and gastropod shells, and attached to fossil bone[2]. They also appear on iron coffins and on the corpses they enclose, as the decomposing body reacts with the iron enclosure[2]. The same process, working on bone in the ground, gives the gemstone *odontolite* its blue tint[3]. These occurrences interest archaeologists and palaeontologists more than industry."]