[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:4333":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":16,"ima_formula":15,"elements":17,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":11,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":27,"ima_history":29,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":30,"strunz10ed1":31,"strunz10ed2":32,"strunz10ed3":33,"strunz10ed4":34,"dana8ed1":35,"dana8ed2":35,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":35,"c":41,"alpha":35,"beta":35,"gamma":35,"aerror":42,"berror":11,"cerror":43,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":42,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":44,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":45,"morphology":46,"tlform":11,"hmin":42,"hmax":47,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":35,"vhnmax":35,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":48,"dmeas2":49,"dcalc":50,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":51,"lustretype":52,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":53,"streak":54,"colour":55,"commentcolor":56,"colors":57,"streak_colors":65,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":66,"cleavagetype":67,"fracturetype":68,"tenacity":69,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":70,"opticalsign":71,"opticalalpha":35,"opticalalpha2":35,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":35,"opticalbeta2":35,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":35,"opticalgamma2":35,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":72,"opticalomega2":35,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":73,"opticalepsilon2":74,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":35,"opticaln2":35,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":35,"optical2vcalc2":35,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":35,"optical2vmeasured2":35,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":75,"rimax":76,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":77,"opticalpleochorismdesc":78,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":79,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":80,"industrial":81,"occurrence":82,"otheroccurrence":83,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":84,"aboutname":85,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":86,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":87,"group_members":88,"associates":142,"confused_with":221,"type_localities":223,"occurrence_total":230,"citations":231,"images":425,"structures":560,"synonyms":572,"language_names":592,"wikidata_qid":618,"texts":619},4333,"1:1:4333:1","2149c98d-72c9-4d76-a5d6-c4b32f715f23","Xenotime-(Y)","Xtm-Y",0,"mineral",null,31871,7886,false,"Y(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","May contain minor HREE, Ca, U, Th, Si, F and other elements.",[18,19,20],"O","P","Y",[18,19,20],[20],"19.9.1",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",[28],"RENAMED","Renamed by IMA in 1987 by special procedure.","1824","8","A","D","35","0","Tetragonal",27,178,"I41\u002Famd ","6.884-6.902","6.021-6.038",4,8,"On {111}, rare.","Parallel growth with zircon common.","Crystals short to long prismatic [001], wiht {010} and {110} faces; also equant, pyramidal {011}; as crude radial aggregates comprised of coarse crystals; in rosettes; crystals up to 5 cm are reported",5,"4.4","5.1","4.277","Vitreous, resinous","Vitreous,Resinous","Translucent,Opaque","Pale brown, yellowish or reddish, white","Yellowish brown, reddish, brown, light red, flesh-red, light green, gray, grayish-white, wine-yellow","Colourless to very light yellowish green, yellow or yellowish brown in transmitted light",[58,59,60,61,62,63,64],"brown","yellow","red","pink","gray","green","white",[58,59,60,64],"On {100}, complete (good - according to the Handbook of Mineralogy)","Imperfect\u002FFair","Irregular\u002FUneven,Splintery","brittle","Uniaxial","+","1.72","1.816","1.827",1.72,1.827,"Weak","Dichroic:\r\n\r\nO = Pink, yellow, or yellowish brown\r\nE = Brownish yellow, grayish brown, or greenish","Paramagnetic","Very slightly attacked or impervious to acids, depending on the composition.","An ore of yttrium.","Granite pegmatite","Minor accessory mineral in acidic and alkalic igneous rocks and pegmatites; in mica and quartz rich gneisses. Also as a detrital mineral.","Xenotime Group. Chernovite-(Y)-Xenotime-(Y) Series. The P (or phosphate) analogue of chernovite-(Y) and wakefieldite-(Y).\r\n\r\nThe Y analogue of xenotime-(Yb) and xenotime-(Gd).\r\n\r\n\r\nA recent find of As-rich xenotime-(Y), accompanied by wakefieldite-(Ce)...","Xenotime-(Y) was found by the Norwegian mineralogist Nils Otto Tank (1800-1864) and first described by the Swedish chemist Jøns Jacob Berzelius in 1824 as \u003Cem>Phosphorsyrad Ytterjord\u003C\u002Fem> from a granite pegmatite at\u003Cl id='3100'> Hidra, Flekkefjord, Norway\u003C\u002Fl>. Later, Glocker (1831) introduced the name \u003Cem>Ytterspath\u003C\u002Fem>. The name xenotime was finally coined by the French mineralogist François Sulpice Beudant (1832) in his 2. edition of \u003Cem>Traité élémentaire de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fem>. The name is from the Greek κενός = \"vain\" and τιμή = \"honor,\" in allusion to the fact that the yttrium in it was first mistaken by Berzelius for a new element (Yttrium was discovered already in 1794). It was later renamed as xenotime-(Y), with a suffix, -(Y), in according to the \"Levinson modifiers\" (Levinson 1966).","2026-05-07 19:23:58",[],[89,95,101,106,112,119,125,131,136],{"id":90,"name":91,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":92,"hmin":42,"hmax":47,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":93,"primary_image_id":94},471626,"Anningite-(Ce)","(Ca\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Ce\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.887",1489,{"id":96,"name":97,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":98,"mindat_formula":98,"hmin":42,"hmax":47,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":99,"primary_image_id":100},992,"Chernovite-(Y)","Y(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","4.866",5363,{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":104,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":11},7251,"Pretulite","Sc(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.71",{"id":107,"name":108,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":109,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":35,"primary_image_id":111},4233,"Wakefieldite-(Ce)","CeVO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ce(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",27740,{"id":113,"name":114,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":115,"mindat_formula":116,"hmin":42,"hmax":42,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":118},35901,"Wakefieldite-(La)","LaVO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","La(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","4.703",27737,{"id":120,"name":121,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":122,"mindat_formula":123,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":124},38894,"Wakefieldite-(Nd)","NdVO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Nd(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",27738,{"id":126,"name":127,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":128,"mindat_formula":129,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":130,"primary_image_id":118},4234,"Wakefieldite-(Y)","YVO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Y(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","4.25",{"id":132,"name":133,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":134,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":135,"primary_image_id":11},471000,"Xenotime-(Gd)","Gd(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","5.26",{"id":137,"name":138,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":139,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":140,"primary_image_id":141},7374,"Xenotime-(Yb)","Yb(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","5.85",28348,[143,152,160,168,175,183,192,199,200,205,214],{"id":144,"name":145,"entrytype":9,"csystem":146,"ima_formula":147,"mindat_formula":147,"hmin":47,"hmax":148,"dmeas":149,"dcalc":150,"primary_image_id":151},39,"Aeschynite-(Y)","Orthorhombic","Y(TiNb)O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",6,"4.82","5.5",296,{"id":153,"name":154,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":156,"hmax":148,"dmeas":157,"dcalc":158,"primary_image_id":159},213,"Anatase","TiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",5.5,"3.79","3.89",1314,{"id":161,"name":162,"entrytype":9,"csystem":163,"ima_formula":164,"mindat_formula":165,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":166,"primary_image_id":167},1743,"Grayite","Hexagonal","(Th,Pb,Ca)(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Th,Pb,Ca)(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","6.41",3974,{"id":169,"name":170,"entrytype":9,"csystem":171,"ima_formula":172,"mindat_formula":172,"hmin":47,"hmax":148,"dmeas":135,"dcalc":173,"primary_image_id":174},1856,"Hematite","Trigonal","Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.255",29858,{"id":176,"name":177,"entrytype":9,"csystem":171,"ima_formula":178,"mindat_formula":179,"hmin":47,"hmax":148,"dmeas":180,"dcalc":181,"primary_image_id":182},2013,"Ilmenite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>TiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.68","4.789",29925,{"id":184,"name":185,"entrytype":9,"csystem":186,"ima_formula":187,"mindat_formula":187,"hmin":156,"hmax":188,"dmeas":189,"dcalc":190,"primary_image_id":191},2538,"Magnetite","Isometric","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"5.175","5.2",65576,{"id":193,"name":194,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":196,"mindat_formula":196,"hmin":47,"hmax":156,"dmeas":197,"dcalc":135,"primary_image_id":198},2751,"Monazite-(Ce)","Monoclinic","Ce(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","5",16555,{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":104,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":35,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":11},{"id":201,"name":202,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":148,"hmax":188,"dmeas":203,"dcalc":130,"primary_image_id":204},3486,"Rutile","4.23",30644,{"id":206,"name":207,"entrytype":9,"csystem":146,"ima_formula":208,"mindat_formula":209,"hmin":188,"hmax":210,"dmeas":211,"dcalc":212,"primary_image_id":213},3662,"Sillimanite","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O",7.5,"3.23","3.24",30699,{"id":215,"name":216,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":217,"mindat_formula":217,"hmin":210,"hmax":210,"dmeas":218,"dcalc":219,"primary_image_id":220},4421,"Zircon","Zr(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","4.6","4.714",31046,[222],{"id":215,"name":216,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":217,"mindat_formula":217,"hmin":210,"hmax":210,"dmeas":218,"dcalc":219,"primary_image_id":220},[224],{"id":225,"txt":226,"latitude":227,"longitude":228,"country":229},3100,"Hidra, Flekkefjord, Agder, Norway",58.2116293,6.5823247,"Norway",940,[232,236,240,244,248,252,256,260,263,267,271,275,279,282,286,290,294,298,302,306,310,314,318,323,327,331,336,341,346,351,356,360,365,370,375,380,384,389,393,397,401,405,410,415,420],{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":11},16609717,1824,"Berzelius, J. (1824) Undersökning af några Mineralier. 1. Phosphorsyrad Ytterjord. \u003Ci>Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar\u003C\u002Fi>,  S. 3 Vol. 12. Kungl. Svenska vetenskapsakademien. 334-228 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org\u002Fitempdf\u002F107454' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":237,"year":238,"html":239,"doi":11},16128494,1831,"Glocker, E.F. (1831) Handbuch der Mineralogie, Nürnberg: 959 (as Ytterspath).",{"id":241,"year":242,"html":243,"doi":11},18530121,1832,"Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) \u003Ci>Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition]\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume  II]. Chez Verdière. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":245,"year":246,"html":247,"doi":11},16128496,1843,"Scheerer, T. (1843) Ueber den Fundort und die Krystallform der phosphorsauren Yttererde. Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 60: 591-594.",{"id":249,"year":250,"html":251,"doi":11},16128497,1853,"Damour (1853) L'Institut: 78 (as Castelnaudite).",{"id":253,"year":254,"html":255,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":11},16128499,1893,"Eakins analysis in: Hidden (1893) American Journal of Science: 46: 255.",{"id":261,"year":258,"html":262,"doi":11},16128500,"Penfield (1893) American Journal of Science: 45: 398.",{"id":264,"year":265,"html":266,"doi":11},16128501,1901,"Kraus and Reitinger (1901) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 34: 268 (as Hussakite).",{"id":268,"year":269,"html":270,"doi":11},16128502,1904,"Brögger (1904) Nytt Mag.: 42: 1.",{"id":272,"year":273,"html":274,"doi":11},16128503,1906,"Brögger (1906) Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr., Oslo, Math.-Nat. Kl.: 1: no. 6: 6.",{"id":276,"year":277,"html":278,"doi":11},16128504,1907,"Hussak (1907) Centralblatt für Mineralogie: 533.",{"id":280,"year":277,"html":281,"doi":11},16128505,"Tschernik (1907) Verh. Min. Ges. St. Petersburg: 45: 425.",{"id":283,"year":284,"html":285,"doi":11},16128506,1910,"Tschernik (1910) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 47: 291.",{"id":287,"year":288,"html":289,"doi":11},16128507,1917,"Vegard (1917) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 33: 395.",{"id":291,"year":292,"html":293,"doi":11},16128508,1922,"Hintze, Carl (1922) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: vol. 1 [4A]: 240.",{"id":295,"year":296,"html":297,"doi":11},4468631,1923,"(1923) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 9 - Text - Band IX - Trechmannit-Zoisit und Nachträge. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":299,"year":300,"html":301,"doi":11},16128510,1927,"Vegard (1927) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 4: 511.",{"id":303,"year":304,"html":305,"doi":11},16128511,1930,"Clouse (1930) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 76: 285.",{"id":307,"year":308,"html":309,"doi":11},16128512,1932,"Clouse (1932) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 83: 161.",{"id":311,"year":312,"html":313,"doi":11},521662,1947,"Hutton, C. Osborne (1947) Determination of xenotime. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  32 (3-4) 141-145 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM32\u002FAM32_141.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":315,"year":316,"html":317,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":319,"year":320,"html":321,"doi":322},1101902,1954,"Gastil, R. G. (1954) An occurrence of authigenic xenotime. \u003Ci>Journal of Sedimentary Research\u003C\u002Fi>,  24 (4). 280-281 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2110\u002Fjsr.24.280'>doi:10.2110\u002Fjsr.24.280\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2110\u002Fjsr.24.280",{"id":324,"year":325,"html":326,"doi":11},16128515,1965,"Kristanović, I. (1965) Redetermination of oxygen parameters in xenotime, YPO4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 121: 315-316.",{"id":328,"year":329,"html":330,"doi":11},16128516,1973,"Graeser, S., Schwander, H., Stalder, H.A. (1973) A Solid Solution Series between Xenotime (YtPO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) and Chernovite (YtAsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>). Mineralogical Magazine: 39: 145.",{"id":332,"year":333,"html":334,"doi":335},2712187,1982,"Milligan, W.O., Mullica, D.F., Beall, G.W., Boatner, L.A. (1982) Structural investigations of YPO4, ScPO4, and LuPO4. \u003Ci>Inorganica Chimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>, 60. 39-43 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0020-1693(00)91148-4'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs0020-1693(00)91148-4\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs0020-1693(00)91148-4",{"id":337,"year":338,"html":339,"doi":340},393228,1995,"Ni, Yunxiang, Hughes, John M., Mariano, Anthony N. (1995) Crystal chemistry of the monazite and xenotime structures. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  80 (1) 21-26 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1995-1-203'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1995-1-203\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol80\u002FAM80_21.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1995-1-203",{"id":342,"year":343,"html":344,"doi":345},160775,1997,"HEINRICH, W., REHS, G., FRANZ, G. (1997) Monazite-xenotime miscibility gap thermometry. I. An empirical calibration. \u003Ci>Journal of Metamorphic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (1) 3-16 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1525-1314.1997.t01-1-00052.x'>doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1525-1314.1997.t01-1-00052.x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fj.1525-1314.1997.t01-1-00052.x",{"id":347,"year":348,"html":349,"doi":350},63384,2000,"Masau, M., Černý, P., Chapman, R. (2000) Dysprosian xenotime-(Y) from the Annie Claim #3 granitic pegmatite, southeastern Manitoba, Canada; evidence of the tetrad effect? \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (4). 899-905 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.38.4.899'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.38.4.899\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol38\u002FCM38_899.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.38.4.899",{"id":352,"year":353,"html":354,"doi":355},178511,2001,"Pyle, J. M. (2001) Monazite-xenotime-garnet equilibrium in metapelites and a new monazite-garnet thermometer. \u003Ci>Journal of Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  42 (11) 2083-2107 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F42.11.2083'>doi:10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F42.11.2083\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F42.11.2083",{"id":357,"year":358,"html":359,"doi":11},16968179,2005,"(2005) Xenotime-(Y). \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fxenotime-Y.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":361,"year":362,"html":363,"doi":364},270338,2006,"Förster, H.-J. (2006) Composition and origin of intermediate solid solutions in the system thorite–xenotime–zircon–coffinite. \u003Ci>Lithos\u003C\u002Fi>,  88 (1) 35-55 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2005.08.003'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2005.08.003\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2005.08.003",{"id":366,"year":367,"html":368,"doi":369},295896,2008,"Hetherington, Callum J., Jercinovic, Michael J., Williams, Michael L., Mahan, Kevin (2008) Understanding geologic processes with xenotime: Composition, chronology, and a protocol for electron probe microanalysis. \u003Ci>Chemical Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  254 (3) 133-147 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2008.05.020'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2008.05.020\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2008.05.020",{"id":371,"year":372,"html":373,"doi":374},396649,2011,"Talla, D., Beran, A., Skoda, R., Losos, Z. (2011) On the presence of OH defects in the zircon-type phosphate mineral xenotime, (Y,REE)PO4. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  96 (11) 1799-1808 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2011.3757'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2011.3757\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2011.3757",{"id":376,"year":377,"html":378,"doi":379},396987,2012,"Rustad, J. R. (2012) Density functional calculations of the enthalpies of formation of rare-earth orthophosphates. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  97 (5) 791-799 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2012.3948'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2012.3948\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2012.3948",{"id":381,"year":377,"html":382,"doi":383},65063,"Bastos Neto, A. C.; Pereira, V. P.; Pires, A. C.; Barbanson, L.; Chauvet, A. (2012) Fluorine-Rich Xenotime from the World-Class Madeira Nb-Ta-Sn Deposit Associated with the Albite-Enriched Granite at Pitinga, Amazonia, Brazil. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (6). 1453-1466 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.6.1453'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.6.1453\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.6.1453",{"id":385,"year":386,"html":387,"doi":388},298524,2015,"Lenz, Christoph, Nasdala, Lutz, Talla, Dominik, Hauzenberger, Christoph, Seitz, Roland, Kolitsch, Uwe (2015) Laser-induced REE3+ photoluminescence of selected accessory minerals — An “advantageous artefact” in Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Chemical Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  415. 1-16 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2015.09.001'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2015.09.001\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2015.09.001",{"id":390,"year":386,"html":391,"doi":392},7705916,"Chelgani, S. Chehreh, Rudolph, M., Leistner, T., Gutzmer, J., Peuker, Urs A. (2015) A review of rare earth minerals flotation: Monazite and xenotime. \u003Ci>International Journal of Mining Science and Technology\u003C\u002Fi>, 25 (6). 877-883 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ijmst.2015.09.002'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.ijmst.2015.09.002\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.ijmst.2015.09.002",{"id":394,"year":395,"html":396,"doi":11},16100989,2016,"Anthony, John W., Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy. \u003Ca target='_blank' rel='nofollow' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002F'>https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002F\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":398,"year":395,"html":399,"doi":400},129524,"Matysová, Petra, Götze, Jens, Leichmann, Jaromír, Škoda, Radek, Strnad, Ladislav, Drahota, Petr, Grygar, Tomáš Matys (2016) Cathodoluminescence and LA-ICP-MS chemistry of silicified wood enclosing wakefieldite – REEs and V migration during complex diagenetic evolution. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (5) 869-887 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2016\u002F0028-2556'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2016\u002F0028-2556\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F2016\u002F0028-2556",{"id":402,"year":395,"html":403,"doi":404},397955,"Turner, David J., Rivard, Benoit, Groat, Lee A. (2016) Visible and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy of REE phosphate minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  101 (10) 2264-2278 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2016-5692'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2016-5692\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2016-5692",{"id":406,"year":407,"html":408,"doi":409},278797,2019,"Budzyń, Bartosz, Sláma, Jiří (2019) Partial resetting of U–Pb ages during experimental fluid-induced re-equilibration of xenotime. \u003Ci>Lithos\u003C\u002Fi>,  346. 105163 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2019.105163'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2019.105163\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2019.105163",{"id":411,"year":412,"html":413,"doi":414},15154061,2022,"Ondrejka, Martin, Molnárová, Alexandra, Putiš, Marián, Bačík, Peter, Uher, Pavel, Voleková, Bronislava, Milovská, Stanislava, Mikuš, Tomáš, Pukančík, Libor (2022) Hellandite-(Y)–hingganite-(Y)–fluorapatite retrograde coronae: a novel type of fluid-induced dissolution–reprecipitation breakdown of xenotime-(Y) in the metagranites of Fabova Hoľa, Western Carpathians, Slovakia. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>, 86 (4) 586-605 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fmgm.2022.7'>doi:10.1180\u002Fmgm.2022.7\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fmgm.2022.7",{"id":416,"year":417,"html":418,"doi":419},15733012,2023,"Budzyń, Bartosz, Wirth, Richard, Sláma, Jiří, Kozub-Budzyń, Gabriela A., Schreiber, Anja (2023) Atomic-scale Th and U segregation into dislocation cores and U-Pb age discordance in xenotime. \u003Ci>Lithos\u003C\u002Fi>, 444. 107105 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2023.107105'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2023.107105\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2023.107105",{"id":421,"year":422,"html":423,"doi":424},17180324,2024,"Strzelecki, Andrew C., Zhao, Xiaodong, Estevenon, Paul, Xu, Hongwu, Dacheux, Nicolas, Ewing, Rodney C., Guo, Xiaofeng (2024) Crystal chemistry and thermodynamic properties of zircon structure-type materials. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  109 (2) 225-242 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8632'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8632\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8632",[426,435,444,452,460,467,474,481,488,495,503,512,519,525,532,539,547,553],{"id":427,"source_url":428,"license_code":429,"credit_html":430,"title":431,"description":432,"author":433,"original_width":348,"original_height":434},28346,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6248928","CC BY-SA 3.0","Elke Wetzig Elya, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6248928\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotim mineralogisches museum bonn.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Hitterö, Norway - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Elke Wetzig Elya",1656,{"id":436,"source_url":437,"license_code":429,"credit_html":438,"title":439,"description":440,"author":441,"original_width":442,"original_height":443},28336,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135115","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135115\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Rutile-54310.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNovo_Horizonte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Novo Horizonte\">Novo Horizonte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>It is unusual to see crystals of the rare yttrium phosphate, xenotime, but I must say I have never seen one with rutile inclusions. A 2.0 cm in length, cognac colored, gemmy and lustrous xenotime crystal with rutile inclusions sits majestically on a matrix of smaller xenotime crystals. Truly extraordinary! The crystal is 3-dimensional and fully terminated all around! this is a truly oustanding, unique thumbnail or small miniature specimen 3 x 1.9 x 1.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",467,600,{"id":445,"source_url":446,"license_code":429,"credit_html":447,"title":448,"description":449,"author":441,"original_width":450,"original_height":451},28337,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141812","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141812\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Fluorite-133031.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFluorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fluorite\">Fluorite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Extremely rare both for this locality or for ANY location, this association just amazed me when Charlie identified what it was for us during packing of the collection. Like the above specimen, it is not the best of species, but it IS significant nonetheless for its proof of the complexity of minerals to be found here and to any Erongo suite others may be assembling. Charlie spent a LONG TIME there...and he was pretty impressed by these. 5.5 x 4 x 3 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",637,800,{"id":453,"source_url":454,"license_code":429,"credit_html":455,"title":456,"description":457,"author":441,"original_width":458,"original_height":459},28338,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142286","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142286\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Quartz-136226.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNovo_Horizonte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Novo Horizonte\">Novo Horizonte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.0 x 3.4 x 2.5 cm. X\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>enotime is an uncommon rare earth, being yttrium phosphate. This excellent and showy specimen features a 1.3 cm cluster of three, sharp, parallel-growth, brown xenotime crystals and a 8 mm, isolated crystal aesthetically set on an attractive pair of very glassy, transparent, smoky quartz crystals. Matrix xenotime specimens are NOT that common, so even the contacted side and broken termination on the quartz are not that detracting. The smaller, sidecar smoky is essentially pristine.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",279,350,{"id":461,"source_url":462,"license_code":429,"credit_html":463,"title":464,"description":465,"author":441,"original_width":466,"original_height":451},28339,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149622","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149622\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-169947.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain), Mulla Ghori, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKhyber_Agency\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Khyber Agency\">Khyber Agency\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFederally_Administered_Tribal_Areas\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Federally Administered Tribal Areas\">Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-51430.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.2 x 1.6 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Most xenotimes from this locale, already pretty world class, are 1-2 cm. Few exceeded 3 cm, and this is the largest I have personally seen out of several hundred looked at in the last 3 -4 years since they started to trickle out here. The color is very good, and changes a bit in hue depending on the spectrum of the lighting from red-brown to yellow-orange. The gwindel-like twist is particularly dramatic because of the vertical height in which it can express itself, making this a miniature with a bit more pizzazz than you expect out of most generally drab REE species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",360,{"id":468,"source_url":469,"license_code":429,"credit_html":470,"title":471,"description":472,"author":441,"original_width":473,"original_height":451},28340,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151686","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151686\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Rutile-177577.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNovo_Horizonte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Novo Horizonte\">Novo Horizonte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.0 x 1.5 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine xenotime crystal with multiple terminations included with rutile crystals.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",561,{"id":475,"source_url":476,"license_code":429,"credit_html":477,"title":478,"description":479,"author":441,"original_width":480,"original_height":451},28341,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151694","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151694\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-177579.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNovo_Horizonte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Novo Horizonte\">Novo Horizonte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4 x 1.5 x 1.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a large and well-developed xenotime crystal with unusually good lustre, rich chocolate color, and unusually equant crystallographic form. As a final accent, we have inclusions of golden rutile in the xenotime, included 0.1 to 1 mm below the surface.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",451,{"id":482,"source_url":483,"license_code":429,"credit_html":484,"title":485,"description":457,"author":441,"original_width":486,"original_height":487},86585,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142285","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142285\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Quartz-136225.jpg",295,500,{"id":489,"source_url":490,"license_code":429,"credit_html":491,"title":492,"description":493,"author":441,"original_width":494,"original_height":451},28342,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161274","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161274\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-215053.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Atalaia Quarry (Ataléia Mine), Ibituruna peak, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGovernador_Valadares\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Governador Valadares\">Governador Valadares\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5891.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.2 x 1.3 x 1.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is an old specimen that Ed Swoboda found in his garage a few years ago, of a doubly-terminated xenotime of exceptional size. Although crudely formed, perhaps, it is still complete and rather large for the locality and species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",274,{"id":496,"source_url":497,"license_code":429,"credit_html":498,"title":499,"description":500,"author":441,"original_width":501,"original_height":502},86586,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144291","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144291\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Quartz-140449.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmoky_quartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smoky quartz\">Smoky Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNovo_Horizonte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Novo Horizonte\">Novo Horizonte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.0 x 4.0 x 3.2 cm. X\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>enotime is an uncommon rare earth, being yttrium phosphate. This excellent and showy specimen features a cluster of gemmy, brown xenotime crystals nestled amongst an aesthetic cluster of very glassy, transparent, smoky quartz crystals. Matrix xenotime specimens are NOT that common, so even the trivial contact to the sidecar crystal and at the tip of the large smoky are not that detracting.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",358,550,{"id":504,"source_url":505,"license_code":429,"credit_html":506,"title":507,"description":508,"author":509,"original_width":510,"original_height":511},28343,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865920","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865920\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-283009.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mt Malosa, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZomba_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zomba District\">Zomba District\u003C\u002Fa>, Malawi (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2276.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 1 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer Pale brown xenotime-Y with yellow zircon in the background.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Christian Rewitzer",962,1024,{"id":513,"source_url":514,"license_code":429,"credit_html":515,"title":516,"description":500,"author":441,"original_width":517,"original_height":518},86587,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144292","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144292\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Quartz-140451.jpg",400,322,{"id":520,"source_url":521,"license_code":429,"credit_html":522,"title":523,"description":524,"author":441,"original_width":502,"original_height":451},86588,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10146307","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10146307\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Rutile-153548.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIbitiara\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ibitiara\">Ibitiara\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-157035.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.3 x 2.5 x 2.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>I received just before the show a parcel from Brazil with about 50 crystals from one single pocket, showing some of the best equant form I have ever seen in the species. These crystals are uniformly fat and deep, not skinny, as from past finds in Brazil. Many, such as this one, were included with golden rutile which adds welcome color flashes on the surface. Also, they have wonderful brown color and lustre, like a fine wood-grained table of high polish. Most xenotime is dull and earthy. Out of the whole lot, this was the finest and most robust crystal, and it is in good condition as well (complete all around). This is MAJOR, of an incredible quality for the species where crystals of this size are normally earthy and dull.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":526,"source_url":527,"license_code":429,"credit_html":528,"title":529,"description":530,"author":441,"original_width":531,"original_height":451},86589,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151684","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151684\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Rutile-177576.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNovo_Horizonte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Novo Horizonte\">Novo Horizonte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.8 x 1.6 x 1.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a large and well-developed xenotime crystal with unusually good lustre, rich chocolate color, and unusually equant crystallographic form. As a final accent, we have inclusions of golden rutile in the xenotime, included 0.1 to 1 mm below the surface.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",679,{"id":533,"source_url":534,"license_code":429,"credit_html":535,"title":536,"description":537,"author":441,"original_width":538,"original_height":451},86590,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151691","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151691\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Rutile-177578.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNovo_Horizonte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Novo Horizonte\">Novo Horizonte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.4 x 2 x 2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a large and well-developed xenotime crystal with unusually good lustre, rich chocolate color, and unusually equant crystallographic form. As a final accent, we have inclusions of golden rutile in the xenotime, included 0.1 to 1 mm below the surface.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",709,{"id":540,"source_url":541,"license_code":429,"credit_html":542,"title":543,"description":544,"author":441,"original_width":545,"original_height":546},86591,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167963","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167963\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Rutile-253943.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNovo_Horizonte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Novo Horizonte\">Novo Horizonte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBahia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bahia\">Bahia\u003C\u002Fa>, Northeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.7 x 0.9 x 0.8 cm. X\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>enotime is an uncommon yttrium phosphate. This classic, for the species and locality, crystal has high lustre, rich chocolate-brown color and textbook tetragonal form with a steep, pyramidal termination. The crystal is moderately translucent and as a final accent, there are inclusions of flashy, golden rutile needles. Excellent material from a find of about 2004.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",499,750,{"id":548,"source_url":549,"license_code":429,"credit_html":550,"title":551,"description":544,"author":441,"original_width":552,"original_height":443},86592,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167964","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167964\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-Rutile-253944.jpg",435,{"id":141,"source_url":554,"license_code":429,"credit_html":555,"title":556,"description":557,"author":509,"original_width":558,"original_height":559},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865702","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865702\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xenotime-(Y)-130545.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXenotime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xenotime\">Xenotime-(Y)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mt Malosa, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZomba_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zomba District\">Zomba District\u003C\u002Fa>, Malawi (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2276.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 3 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1000,952,[561,567],{"id":562,"url":563,"label":564,"formula":565,"spacegroup":566,"year":338},14618,"\u002Fcif\u002F14618.cif","Ni 1995","Y P O4","I 41\u002Fa m d",{"id":568,"url":569,"label":570,"formula":565,"spacegroup":566,"year":571},14619,"\u002Fcif\u002F14619.cif","Strada 1934",1934,[573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591],"Castelnaudit","Castelnaudita","Castelnaudite","Hussakit","Hussakita","Hussakite","Phosphate of Yttria","Phosphorsaure Yttererde","Phosphorsyrad Ytterjord","Phosphyttrie","Tankelit","Tankelita","Tankelite","Tankite (of Haidinger)","Xenotim","Xenotimit","Xenotimita","Xenotimite","Ytterspath",[593,598,602,606,610,614],{"lang":594,"names":595},"ca",[596,597],"Xenotima-","xenotima-(Y)",{"lang":599,"names":600},"de",[601],"Xenotim-(Y)",{"lang":603,"names":604},"eu",[596,605],"Xenotima-(Y)",{"lang":607,"names":608},"it",[609],"Xenotime-",{"lang":611,"names":612},"nn",[613,601],"Xenotim-",{"lang":615,"names":616},"sl",[617],"ksenotim-(Y)","Q26270026",{"history":620,"applications":624},{"markdown":621,"model_version":622,"prompt_version":623,"reviewed_at":11},"The name carries an old joke that misfired. A French mineralogist coined it from two Greek words — *kenós*, vain, and *timē*, honour — to mock a colleague who had claimed too much, too soon[1].\n\nThe colleague was the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius. In 1824 he examined a phosphate crystal from the island of Hidra at Flekkefjord, in southern Norway[2]. It had come out of a granite pegmatite — a coarse-grained vein where the largest crystals grow. The specimen itself had been found by the Norwegian mineralogist Nils Otto Tank[2]. Berzelius believed it held a new chemical element. It did not: the substance was yttrium, an element already known since 1794[3].\n\nBerzelius first called the mineral *Phosphorsyrad Ytterjord*, a descriptive Swedish phrase for its phosphate-of-yttrium chemistry[4]. A few years later, in 1831, the German mineralogist Ernst Friedrich Glocker offered the name *Ytterspath*[5].\n\nThe name that stuck came from François Sulpice Beudant in 1832[3]. His coinage *kenotime* — roughly \"vain honour\" — was a rebuke aimed at Berzelius for the premature element claim[1]. The barb lost its sting over time. Copyists misread and misprinted *kenotime* as *xenotime*, which nudged the apparent root toward the unrelated Greek *xénos*, foreign[1].\n\nA later convention gave the mineral its modern tag. The Levinson modifier — a suffix naming the dominant rare-earth element in a species — turned the name into xenotime-(Y) for its yttrium-rich form[6].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":625,"model_version":622,"prompt_version":623,"reviewed_at":11},"Xenotime-(Y) earns its keep as an ore — a rock mined for the metals locked inside it. Its draw is yttrium, plus the heavy lanthanides, the denser half of the rare-earth family[1]. The crystal routinely carries dysprosium, ytterbium, erbium and gadolinium, and refiners pull these elements out of it[1].\n\nThe mineral rarely justifies a mine of its own. It turns up instead as a by-product, picked from the sands that other operations are already washing. Small tonnages of xenotime sand are recovered alongside Malaysian tin mining and processed commercially[2].\n\nA handful of the clearest crystals find a second use. Now and then, gemstones are cut from the finest xenotime[3].\n\nOne caution travels with the mineral. Uranium and thorium slip into the crystal in place of yttrium. As a result, some xenotime is weakly to strongly radioactive, and it is handled with that in mind[4]."]