Iolite

(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)

Where it forms, where it's found

19recorded occurrences
Source · OpenStreetMap

Physical

Colour
blue to blue–violet color

Cause of the color can be attributed to the charge transfer between Fe2+ on the octahedron and Fe3+ in the edge-shared T11 tetrahedra in the iolite. (1)The color coordinates a* and b* were the main factors affecting the variation of the chroma C*. (2)Fe is mainly present as Fe2+ and controls the lightness L* and the hue angle h°, while Mn does not have a significant effect on the color of iolite. (3)The intervalence charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+ is responsible for the blue color of iolite. (4)The color parameters of iolite are affected by the change of light sources, and the hue angle h° is the most affected.

Optical

Pleochroism
Strong

blue–violet iolite shows light purple, dark purple and yellow–brown pleochroism; blue iolite shows colorless to yellow, blue–gray and dark purple pleochroism

Chemical composition

Constituent elements
Mass composition breakdown
ElementAtoms At. mass g/mol Mass g/molMass share
8OOxygenOxygen1815.999287.982
41.34%
14SiSiliconSilicon528.085140.425
20.16%
26FeIronIron255.845111.690
16.03%
13AlAluminiumAluminium426.982107.928
15.49%
12MgMagnesiumMagnesium224.30548.610
6.98%
Total696.635100.00%

Mass share = atoms × atomic mass ÷ molar mass × 100

From Mindat formula

Literature, links & citation

Citations
  1. 1807Werner, A. G. (1807)
  2. 2022Liu, Xin, Guo, Ying (2022) Study on the Color-Influencing Factors of Blue Iolite. Minerals, 12 (11) 1356 doi:10.3390/min12111356 DOI: 10.3390/min12111356
Cite this entry
@misc{mineral2026,
  author    = {Mineral Index editorial board},
  title     = {Iolite — Mineral Index},
  year      = {2026},
  url       = {https://mineralindex.org/minerals/iolite-5119},
  note      = {Accessed 2026-05-11}
}