Shattuckite

Cu5(SiO3)4(OH)2
IMA status
  • Approved
  • Grandfathered
IMA symbol
Sha
Discovered
1915
Also known as
  • Shattukite

History

Few minerals wear their birthplace as plainly as shattuckite. The deep-blue copper mineral takes its name straight from the Shattuck Mine at Bisbee, in the copper country of southern Arizona, where it was first found in 1915.

It belongs to the copper silicates — minerals built from copper, silicon and oxygen. It is a secondary mineral, meaning it does not crystallise from fresh magma but forms later, when water and air alter copper minerals already in the ground. At the Shattuck Mine it grew by replacing malachite, the common green copper carbonate, atom for atom while keeping the original crystal's outward shape. A replacement of that kind is a pseudomorph — a false form, one mineral wearing another's outline.

In the rock it usually shows up as a solid blue mass, sometimes as fine needle-like crystals — acicular is the mineralogist's word — gathered into tiny radiating balls. Those forms, and its colour, made it easy to confuse with the closely related blue mineral plancheite, which it resembles in both structure and appearance.

Industrial & practical applications

Shattuckite has no industrial job. It is far too rare to be mined for its copper, and nothing in modern industry depends on it. Its one practical use is ornamental: the solid blue masses are sometimes cut and polished as a gemstone.

Beyond that, shattuckite is mostly a collector's mineral. It is sought for its deep blue colour and for its tie to the famous copper mines of Bisbee, Arizona, rather than for anything done with it.

Where it forms, where it's found

Geological setting

A secondary mineral in an oxidized copper deposit.

Oxidation zone in copper deposits

Type locality
Shattuck Mine
  1. Bisbee
  2. Cochise County
  3. Arizona
  4. USA

31.4331°, -109.9167°

69recorded occurrences
Source · OpenStreetMap

Physical

Hardness
123456789103.5/ 10 MOHS
  1. 1Talc
  2. 2Gypsum
  3. 3Calcite
  4. 4Fluorite
  5. 5Apatite
  6. 6Orthoclase
  7. 7Quartz
  8. 8Topaz
  9. 9Corundum
  10. 10Diamond
Transparency
Translucent
Colour
Light to dark blue.
Cleavage
Perfect

on (010) (100)

Density
4.11 g/cm³

Optical

Optical type
Biaxial (+) · 2V calc = 88°
Refractive index
1.753 – 1.815
Surface relief
High
Principal indices
nα 1.753 · nβ 1.782 · nγ 1.815
Pleochroism
Visible

X= very pale blue Y= pale blue Z= deep blue

Dispersion
distinct to strong
Extinction
Orientation: X = b; Y = a; Z = c.
Michel-Lévy diagramhighlighted lineδ = 0.0620
Attainable Michel-Lévy rangeΔ ∈ [0, t·δmax]620 nm2nd order
Δ = 0Δmax
Thin-section mosaic70 grains · random 3D orientations
PPLpleochroism per grain
XPLindependent extinctions · rotate the stage
Interference simulatorsingle grain · PPL ↔ XPL
PPLpleochroism only · colour blends on rotation
XPLinterference colour · extinct every 90°
Retardation620 nm
Order2nd order
XPL colour

Crystallography

Crystal system
Orthorhombic
Cell parameters
a = 9.885(1) Å · b = 19.832(2) Å · c = 5.3825(8) Å
Ratio a:b:c
1 : 2.006 : 0.545
Z
4
Morphology

Elongated prismatic crystals. Aggregates of spherulitic masses composed of acicular crystals. Forms include (100), (010), (110).

Type-locality form

Pseudomorphs after malachite and as small spherulites.

Comment

Space Group: Pcab:

Crystal structure

Chemical composition

Constituent elements
Mass composition breakdown
ElementAtoms At. mass g/mol Mass g/molMass share
29CuCopperCopper563.546317.730
48.43%
8OOxygenOxygen1415.999223.986
34.14%
14SiSiliconSilicon428.085112.340
17.12%
1HHydrogenHydrogen21.0082.016
0.31%
Total656.072100.00%

Mass share = atoms × atomic mass ÷ molar mass × 100

From IMA formula

Impurities
  • Fe
  • Mn
  • Mg
  • Ca
  • H2O

Synonyms

  • Shattukite

In other languages

French
Shattuckite
German
Shattuckit
Spanish
Shattuckita
Italian
Shattuckite
Japanese
シャタッカイト · シャタック石 · シャッタカイト
Russian
Шаттукит

Classification

Strunz
10th ed.

9.DB.40

  • 9SilicatesClass
  • 9.DInosilicatesDivision
  • 9.DBInosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; Pyroxene-related mineralsGroup
  • 9.DB.40ShattuckiteSpecies
Dana
8th ed.

65.01.07.01

  • 65Inosilicates Single-width, Unbranched Chains, (w=1)Class
  • 65.01Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2Type
  • 65.01.07— unnamed intermediate level —Group
  • 65.01.07.01ShattuckiteSpecies
CIM

14.2.2

  • 14Silicates not Containing AluminumClass
  • 14.2Silicates of CuGroup
  • 14.2.2ShattuckiteSpecies

Group, growth & confusion

Often grow together
2 minerals

Literature, links & citation

Citations
  1. 1915Schaller, Waldemar T. (1915) Four new minerals. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 5. 7
  2. 1918Zambonini, M.F. (1918) Minéralogie. - Sur l'identité de la shattuckite et de la planchéite. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences: 166: 495-497.
  3. 1919Schaller, W.T. (1919) Plancheite and shattuckite, copper silicates, are not the same mineral. Journal of the Washington Acadamy of Science: 9: 131-134.
  4. 1925Hacquaert, A. (1925) Pseudomorphoses de cristaux de calcite en shattuckite, planchéite et en dioptase. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique: 49: 90-94.
  5. 1930Schoep, A. (1930) Nouvelles recherches sur la planchéite et sur la shattuckite. Identité de ces deux minéraux. Remarques sur la bisbeeite et sur la katangite. Bulletin de Minéralogie: 53(1): 375-393.
Cite this entry
@misc{mineral2026,
  author    = {Mineral Index editorial board},
  title     = {Shattuckite — Mineral Index},
  year      = {2026},
  url       = {https://mineralindex.org/minerals/shattuckite-3634},
  note      = {Accessed 2026-05-11}
}